UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE COUNTABLE NOUNS

= A LOT OF =
MUCH [not used with positive sentences] = LOTS OF = MANY
= PLENTY OF =
Do you have much time? I have a lot of money, friends I have many friends
I don’t have much money I have lots of money, friends
I have plenty of money, friends

A LITTLE  = SOME = A FEW 

I have a little money, I can lend you some I have some friends I have a few apples, I can give you one.

LITTLE  = NOT ENOUGH= FEW 

I have little money, I can’t lend you any. I don’t have enough money, apples I have few apples, I can’t give you any.

I have no money NO I have no friends

NONE
A: How much money do you have? I have no money / no apples A: How many friends do you have?
B: None B: None

ENOUGH

ENOUGH + NOUN [PHRASE] ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH

We have enough money She’s not fast enough

do you have enough time? We didn’t do it well enough.

MOST

Most + noun plural + clause Most women like complements

Most of + plural pronoun + clause Most of you / us / them like scrabble

Most of the + specified group + clause Most of the women I know are afraid of spiders

ALL

All + noun plural + clause All women like complements

All of + plural pronoun + clause All of you / us / them like scrabble

All [of ] the + specified group + clause All [of] the women I know are afraid of spiders

NO / NONE

No + noun plural + clause No people like criticism

None of + plural pronoun + clause None of you / us / them like criticism [formal style]
likes criticism [less formal style]

None of the + specified group + clause None of the people I know are afraid of spiders [formal style]
these is afraid … [less formal style]

BOTH … AND …

My mother and my father are [both] blonde.

Both A and B + clause Both my mother and my father are blonde.

She drinks and she smokes [too]

SB + both + positive verb + and + positive verb She both drinks and smokes

≠
NEITHER … NOR …

Negative clause + negative clause + either My mother isn’t blonde and my father isn’t blonde [either].

=Neither A nor B + positive clause =Neither my mother nor my father are blonde. [formal]
is blonde [less formal]

Negative clause +and + negative clause [+ either] She doesn’t drink and she doesn’t smoke [either]
negative clause + A + or + B = She doesn’t drink or smoke

= She neither drinks nor smokes.

= SB + neither + positive verb + nor + positive verb
BOTH [involves two concepts]

A and B + clause with “both” My mother and my father are [both] blonde.

= Both A and B + clause = Both my mother and my father are blonde.

SB + both + positive verb + and + positive verb She both drinks and smokes

Both of + plural pronoun + clause Both of + you / us / them like jazz

Both of + group + clause Both of my parents are blonde

“of” can be omitted before possessive pronouns [my, your,

his, her, our, their] and before the / these / those

Both [of] + my / the/these + group Both [of] my parents are blonde

Both [of ] the/these books are interesting

NEITHER [involves two concepts]

negative clause + negative clause [+ either] My mother isn’t blonde and my father isn’t blonde [either].

Neither A or B + positive clause Neither my mother or my father are blonde.

Neither of + plural pronoun + clause Neither of + you / us / them like jazz [formal style]
likes jazz [less formal style]
Neither of + group + clause
Neither of my parents are blonde [formal style]
“of” cannot be omitted
is blonde [less formal style]

We use plural forms of verbs in formal style

Neither of the/these books are interesting [formal style]
We can use singular forms of verbs in less formal style is interesting [less formal style]
Choice between two [or more] options

EITHER … OR …

Positive clause with “either” + positive clause with “or” We can either watch a film at home or go to the cinema

Either + positive clause or + positive clause Either you will leave me alone or I’ll call the police

Positive clause + either A, [B, C ] or D We can eat either cake, chocolates or ice-cream

Negating both of the possibilities

Negative clause + EITHER … OR … = Positive clause + NEITHER … NOR

I can’t speak either French or German = I can speak neither French nor German

She doesn’t eat either chocolate or cookies = She eats neither chocolate nor cookies