41 =~ ‘TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT : Study of Darlington connection and current mirror circuit 42 AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To design, built and determine the voltage of Darlington circuit 43 OBJECTIVE: 1. To design the Darlington circuit on the breadboard with the help of given capacitors, resistors and connecting wires. 2. To determine the voltage gain and currentof the Darlington circuit. 44 APPARATUS REQUIRED: Transistor Resistor Bread Board connecting wire Mukimeter 45 THEORY In electronics, the Darlington transistor (often called a Darlington pair) is a compound structure consisting of two bipolar transistors (either integrated or separated devices) connected in such a way thatthe current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. This configuration gives a much higher current gain than each transistor taken separately and, in the case of integrated devices, can take less space than two individual transistors because they can use a shared collector. Integrated Darlington pairs come packaged singly in transistor-like packages or as an array of devices (usually eight) in an integrated circuit. yun Current mirror circuits are widely used, especially within integrated circuit technology. The mirror circuit generally consists of two transistors, although other devices such as FETs can be used, and some configurations do use more than two devices in the overall Circuit to obtain better performance. The current mirror circuit gains its name because it copies or mirrors the current flowing in one active device in another, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading The current being mirrored can be a constant current, or itcan be a varying signal dependent upon the requirement and hence the circuit. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or itis a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits.46 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: +Vec xf Ry | P 2 2 (Current mirror circuits) (Darlington transistor) Fora Darlingtone connection V,.=18v, R=3.30 , R,=3900, B,=6000, V.- =5.6V, V B.=1.6V above data given.47 48 PROCEDURE : 1. The circuit was designed on the breadboard as per the circuit diagram. 2. Voltage source is supplied to the breadboard by connecting wires. 3, Ground connection are also supplied by connecting wire. 4. Calculate IB, VE,VB voltage by using multimeter. CALCULATION :49 CONCLUSION: 4.10 PRECAUTIONS: 1. All the connections were made when all the power was switched off. 2. Any short circuit inside the circuit should be observed.