HRITIKA VILASRAO

JAGTAP
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REPORT 1

VIVA SCHOOL OF
Theory of Design and ARCHITECTURE
YEAR 2019-20
structure
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Theory of Design and structure

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INTRODUCTION TO STEEL STRUCTURE

QUESTION 01: Write advantages and disadvantages of steel structure.
Industries have major applications of structural steel. Buildings, bridges, high-rise
buildings and warehouses are made using structural steel sections. Industry experts
prefer the use of structural steel over any other building material for construction. This
is mainly because of the innumerable benefits structural steel provides. But there are
certain downsides of using structural steel in building structures. Here we are going
to focus on the advantages and disadvantages of structural steel structures.

ADVANTAGES:

 Steel is tensile. It has a high strength to weight

ratio. So no matter how large the overall
structure is, the steel sections will be small and
lightweight, unlike other building materials.

 Steel can be easily fabricated and produced

massively.

Flexible
 Steel sections can be prefabricated. This saves
time and increases the efficiency of the overall
construction process.

 Structural steel is very flexible. You can mold it

into any shape, without changing its properties.
You can convert it into sheets or turn it into
wires as per the design.

 Structural steel is relatively cheap compared to

other building materials. Durable

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 It is very durable. Structural steel structures can withstand external pressures such as
earthquakes, thunderstorms, and cyclones. A well-built steel structure can last up to 30 years
if maintained well.

 Easy Installation and Speed in Construction, Versatile, Insect Resistant, Moisture and
Weather Resistance, build Temporary Structures

DISADVANTAGES:

 Steel is an alloy of iron. This makes it susceptible to

corrosion. This problem can be solved to some extent
using anti-corrosion applications.
 It has high maintenance costs as it has to be painted
to make it corrosion-resistant
 There are extensive fireproofing costs involved as steel Corrosion
is not fireproof. In high temperatures, steel loses its
properties.
 Buckling is an issue with steel structures. As the length
of the steel column increases the chances of buckling
also increases.
 Steel has a high expansion rate with changing
temperatures. This can be detrimental to the overall Buckling
structure.
 Steel is available only at the steel plants where it is
produced and should be transported for long distances
to the construction site

Fire burning

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QUESTION 02: Write brief mote on different types of steel sections used.
Steel sections are the bread and butter of steel fabrication. Designers, architects and
engineers choose different sections for their aesthetics and structural qualities – their
choices determined by size, weight and profile. Steel is extremely versatile and can
be molded to many different shapes. There are many common steel sections that you
will see used throughout steel construction and fabrication, and would have come
across in structures every day.

Angled Sections:
Angled structural steel sections can either be equal or unequal.
Both are right angled, however, unequal sections have different
sized axis’ making them L-shaped. This kind of section is much
stronger (up to 20%) with much higher strength to weight ratios.
Angled section are used in residential construction, infrastructure,
mining and transport. They are available in wide range of lengths
and sizes.
Angle section

Parallel Flange Channels

These channeled beams are U-shaped with right angled corners –
a bit like a stick of staples. They come in many different sizes,
however, the two sides are always the same length and are parallel
to each other. They also offer a high strength to weight ratio and
have similar uses to angled sections.
Parallel flange channel

Tapered Flange Beams

Taper flange beams are I-shaped sections and are also available in
a wide-variety of sizes. In construction these are often used for
cross-sections of girders. Though they have quite high resistance
ratios, they are not usually recommended when pressure is present
along their length as they are not torsion (twisting) resistant.
I section

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Circular Hollow Sections
Circular Hollow Sections have hollow tubular cross sections and
have much higher resistance to torsion that tapered flange
beams. Thickness of the walls are uniform around the entire circle
which makes this beams great for use with multi-axis loading
applications.

Circular hollow section

Rectangular Hollow Sections

Similar to circular hollow sections however they have rectangular
cross sections. They are very popular in many mechanical and
structural applications. Their flat surfaces make them prime for
use in joining and fabrication.

Square Hollow Sections Rectangular hollow section

Same like rectangular hollow section, but with square cross

sections, these are used in smaller applications such as columns
or posts. However they are unsuitable for beams as their shapes
are inherently difficult to bolt into other shapes. They are also
known as ‘box sections’.

Flat Sections
Square hollow section
The most versatile steel section as they require to be attached to
another section. In some cases they can be attached to another
sect ion as a strengthening tool. They are also often referred to a
‘plates’ (for example, a checker plate)

Flat section

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Checker Plate
Steel checker plate, also known as floor plate, are flat plates of
metal with collections of square indents for gripping and aesthetic
purposes. As their name suggests, they are used in flooring.
Thicknesses vary from 3mm to 12mm.Checker plate is also quite
malleable and can be bent or rolled to suit a number of different
needs. You may have seen it used for things like tool boxes and
storage chests.
Checker plate

Steel Mesh
Steel mesh is integral in construction, mainly used for concrete
reinforcing – thus it is also known as reinforcing steel. It has a wide
array of applications including driveway paving, patio and house
slabbing, building reinforcement and uses in rural applications
such as fencing. It comes in rectangles and squares.

Steel mesh

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QUESTION 03: Show neat sketch of stanchion to beam joinery.

A framed connection is the one when a beam is connected to a girder or a stanchion
by means of two angles placed on the two sides of the web of the beam

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QUESTION 04: With the help of neat sketch show different components
of I-section: ISMB 500

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