MS101: Matrices

Lesson 7
Chapter Objectives:
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
To understand the matrix and its operations.
Matrices
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers
or variables or other algebraic objects. An
example of a matrix is:
Matrices
We call this a 4 × 5 matrix because it has
four rows and five columns. In general, an
m × n matrix has m rows and n columns.
Matrices
Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) invented
matrices in the late nineteenth century.
Matrices are used in all parts of
mathematics, in engineering and
physics, in the social sciences, in
statistics, and in any part of analytical
thought where it is necessary to keep
track of (and to manipulate)
information.
Fundamental Operations
What is important about matrices is that
they can be combined in a number of
useful ways—addition, multiplication,
inversion, composition, and others—and
each of these operations has
significance for the information that the
matrix contains.
Matrices
We typically denote a matrix by a capital
roman letter like A or M.
The elements of the matrix A are designated
by a ij, where i is the row in which the
element is located and j is the column in
which the element is located.
Matrices
Matrices

For this matrix, a23 = 4 because the

element of the matrix that is in the
second row and third column is 4.
Likewise, a32 = 9 and a33 = 14.
Matrices
Adding Matrices
We can add two matrices only when they have the
same size.
Adding Matrices
Adding Matrices
Adding Matrices
Adding Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Adding Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Adding Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Adding Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Subtracting of Matrices

Note: subtracting is actually defined as the

addition of a negative matrix: A + (−B)
Subtracting of Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Subtracting of Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Subtracting of Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Subtracting of Matrices (Practice)
Give the answer:
Operations on Matrices
Negative of Matrices
Transpose Matrices
To "transpose" a matrix, swap the rows and
columns.
We put a "T" in the top right-hand corner to mean
transpose:
Transpose Matrices (Practice)
Answer the following:
Transpose Matrices (Practice)
Answer the following:
Transpose Matrices (Practice)
Answer the following:
Transpose Matrices (Practice)
Answer the following:
Transpose Matrices
For vectors
Multiplying Constant
We can multiply a matrix by a constant (the value 2 in
this case)
We call the constant a scalar, so officially this is called
"scalar multiplication".
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
The "Dot Product" is where we multiply matching
members, then sum up.
If they are not equal or the same. 2x3 and 3x2
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
The "Dot Product" is where we multiply matching
members, then sum up.
If they are not equal or the same. 2x3 and 3x2
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
The "Dot Product" is where we multiply matching
members, then sum up.
If they are not equal or the same. 2x3 and 3x2
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
The "Dot Product" is where we multiply matching
members, then sum up.
If they are not equal or the same. 2x3 and 3x2
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
The "Dot Product" is where we multiply matching
members, then sum up.
If they are not equal or the same. 2x3 and 3x2
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
The "Dot Product" is where we multiply matching
members, then sum up.
If they are not equal or the same. 2x3 and 3x2
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
Multiplying Matrices
When we do multiplication:
The number of columns of the 1st matrix
must equal the number of rows of the 2nd
matrix.
And the result will have the same number of
rows as the 1st matrix, and the same number
of columns as the 2nd matrix.
Multiplying Matrices
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
Multiplying a Matrix by Another Matrix
Multiplying Matrices