‫مرحباً بكم يف حماضرات‬

‫‪Production Technology‬‬
‫)تكنولوجيا اإلنتاج(‬
‫الفرقة اإلعدادية‬

‫أ‪.‬د‪ /.‬ياسر شبانه‬

‫أ‪.‬م‪.‬د‪ /.‬أحمد فوزى أ‪.‬م‪.‬د‪ /.‬محمد فهمى‬
‫قسم التصميم امليكانيكي‬

‫‪1‬‬
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Definition: Occupational health and safety are defined as the science that aims to protect
the trainers, trainees, workers and educational facilities (machines, tools, equipment, and
raw materials) from the risks of the work environment.
Goals: Industrial safety aims to achieve the following goals:
1. Maintaining the health and safety of the workforce.
2. Preserving raw and manufactured materials.
3. Preserving machines and tools.
4. Improving the work environment.

Industrial safety is concerned with preserving workers and equipment in workshops and
factories. What are the benefits?
Workshop Safety
A workshop is where you learn to use tools and machines to make things. It can be a
dangerous place, so you should learn its safety rules. The safety rules tell you how to
dress appropriately and how to behave whilst working with tools that may cause harm.
 - Safety
All precautions needed to insure safe operation (environment) preventing any accidental
problems for both persons and machines.
- Accident: Unwanted event which could harm persons or machines.
- Danger: Potential of risk.
- Hazard: Degree of danger.

WORKSHOP HAZARDS

They are things that may lead to one or more of accidents, breakdowns in machines or
tools, construction damage, loss of materials, or delay to perform a specific task or work.

• Physical hazards: They are the risks that may arise from the inappropriate
environment conditions in industrial workshops such as inappropriate lighting,
ventilation, noise, and heat.
• Engineering hazards:
They are the risks that include the following:
➢ Hazards of electrical connections and equipment
Risks arise from electrical connections, operating machinery, electrical rooms,
electrical panels, lighting poles ... etc.
➢ Structural hazards
Risks arise as a result of not following occupational safety and health
procedures during construction operations, such as unavailability of exits,
corridors, escape stairs,.. etc.).
➢ Mechanical hazards
Risks arise when using mechanical machinery and equipment in an incorrect
way. That exposes users to the risks of machines and equipment in technical
and industrial workshops.
• Chemical hazards They include the hazards of chemical substances such as liquids,
gases, and dust that workers, in industrial workshops, exposed to during transporting,
handling, or storaging of these materials.

• Health hazards The probability of exposing the workers to diseases as a result of the
presence of germs or microbes in the surrounding environment. This may be due to
the lack of adequate health facilities, which include water coolers, water tanks, toilets,
or as a result of the accumulation of waste in the environment.

• Personal (negative) hazards The harms that affect workers as a result of lack of
training on how to apply industrial safety.

• Fire hazards

Fires may lead to danger to the workers and lead to loss and damage to the workshop
due to the absence of fire safety facilities during construction, or failure of fire alarms
and firefighting devices, or workers not trained on how to act in case of fire.
Guidelines for fire prevention
1. Maintain electrical equipment properly to avoid short circuit and overloading.
2. Store materials safely. For example, flammable materials should be stored safely.
3. Know the fire extinguisher place and how to use it.
4. Fire extinguisher should be maintained and recharged as per schedule.
5. Do not obstruct fire extinguishers.
6. Keep a passage for escaping when there is fire.
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) (PERSONAL SAFETY)
PPE is defined as all equipment that intended to be worn or held for protection against
risks related to health and safety. These include most types of protective clothing and
equipment such as: eye protection, safety helmets, safety footwear, gloves, high visibility
clothing, and safety harness.

Goggles Face shield Welding shield

Ear plugs Gloves Apron

Eye protection
Serves as a guard against the hazards of chemicals or molten metal, liquid droplets
(chemical mists and sprays), dust, gases and welding arcs. Eye protectors include
safety spectacles, eye-shields, goggles, visors, welding filters, face shields and hoods.

Head protection
Includes industrial safety helmets to protect against falling objects or impact with fixed
objects; industrial scalp protectors to protect against striking fixed obstacles, scalping
or entanglement and caps and hairnets to protect against scalping and entanglement.
Feet and leg protection
Serve to guard against the hazards of electrostatic build-up, abrasion, wet, slipping, cuts
and punctures, falling objects, chemical and metal splash. Options include the provision
of safety boots and shoes with protective toe caps and penetration-resistant mid soles as
well as gaiters, leggings and spats.
Hand and arm protection
Gloves, gauntlets, mitts, wrist cuffs and armlets provide protection against a range of
hazards such as abrasion, temperature extremes, cuts and punctures, impact, chemicals,
electric shock, skin infection, disease or contamination.
 Body protection
Types of clothing used for body protection include conventional and disposable
overalls, boiler suit, aprons, high-visibility clothing and specialist protective clothing,
such as chain mail aprons. They are used to protect against hazards such as temperature
extremes, adverse weather, chemical and metal splash, spray from spray guns, impact
or penetration, contaminated dust or excessive wear or entanglement of own clothing.

What about tie, jewelry, and long hair, sandals?

Boiler suit Chain mail apron

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
The occupational health and safety instructions include the following:
1. Use the tools for their designed purposes.
2. Do not throw the hand tools on the ground. They should be placed in their proper
places such as boxes.
3. Periodic inspection of the validity of the tools, and continuous verification of their
validity.
4. Do not use tools that produce sparks in an atmosphere saturated with flammable
fumes.
5. Ensure that there are protective barriers on moving parts such as pulleys andgears.
6. Wear suitable and fitting clothes, and d o not wear accessories nor tie during work.
7. Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment, taking into account stopping these
machines during maintenance.
8. Do not stand in dangerous places.
9. Ensure that the workpiece is well fixed while working.
INSTRUCTIONS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS
1. Do not operate the machine until you know how to stop it.
2. You should know how to disconnect the electricity from the machine in case of
emergency.
3. Do not talk nor touch the worker while the machine is operating.
4. Ensure that the protective caps are installed on the machines before operation.
5. Maintain clean floor around the machines to prevent slipping.
6. Machines that cause noise and vibration should be placed together in walled
sections.
7. There should be adequate lighting and ventilation in the workplace.
8. Do not joke, smoke, eat, nor drink while working.
INSTRUCTIONS TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS
To prevent electrical hazards and accidents, apply the following instructions
1. Industrial safety instructions should be applied.
2. Securing good insulation of electrical devices, including connections and panels.
3. using control panels for electrical devices and machines.
4. Secure good and permanent ground connections for devices and machines.
5. Carry out periodic preventive maintenance of electrical equipment.
6. Execution of work by skilled and specialized technicians.
7. Use good, suitable and isolated electrical kits.
INSTRUCTIONS TO AVOID CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS
1. The exact classification of the used chemicals.
2. Proper storage of chemicals.
3. Insured transportation of chemicals.
4. Caution when transporting or handling chemicals inside the workshop.
5. Use protective equipment such as gloves and masks when dealing with chemicals.
6. Awareness of the dangers of chemicals.
ORGANIZING MECHANICAL WORKSHOPS
Instructions for organizing mechanical workshops to reduce work accidents and to
provide a safe environment include the following:
1. Optimal use of space.
2. Correctly distribute machines and equipment in the workshop.
3. Applying safe and appropriate storage methods of the tools
4. Organizing the work of the technicians inside the workshop.
5. Proper workspaces to ensure safety of workers.
6. Provide good ventilation and good lighting.
7. Organizing barriers between places of rest and work.
SAFETY SIGNS AND COLORS
PROHIBITORY SIGNS
Red (White background color with black symbols)
WARNING SIGNS
Yellow (Black symbols and text)
MANDATORY SIGNS
Blue (White symbols and text)
EMERGENCY OR FIRST-AID SIGNS
Green (white symbols and text)
Look over the following pictures and write your comments based on the safety point of view