MODAL VERBS YDS.

NET

COULD
could + V1 could + V1
(geçmişteki yetenek) (Present- Future olasılık, ihtimal)

 When John was 7  The value of dollar

years old, he could could plunge in the
play violin and piano. next days.

 When Jane was  Humans could live in

young, she could run Mars in the next 15
fast. years.

Bu yapının past hali YOKTUR. Zaten

kendisi PAST. Bu yapının past hali COULD HAVE V3
olacaktır.

could + have V3
(Past olasılık, ihtimal)

 Aliens could have

visited us in the past.

 The Indians could

have descended from
Turks.
MODAL VERBS YDS.NET

MUST
must + V1 must + V1
(Present-Future zorunluluk, gereklilik) have to (Present-Future güçlü çıkarım, tahmin)
yoldaşıdır :)

 Most of the students

 All students must
do not know the
wear uniforms.
answer. The question
must be difficult.
 When traffic lights are
red, cars must stop.
 Alice must like ice-
cream because she
Bu yapının past hali HAD TO + V1.
eats it every day.

had to + V1 Bu yapının past hali MUST + HAVE V3.

(Past zorunluluk)

 As I had no money must + have V3

yesterday, I had to (Past güçlü çıkarım, tahmin)

walk to work.
 This house must have
cost a fortune. It has a
 We had a huge order
magnificent view by
from a customer. We
the sea.
had to overwork last
night.
 Roger seemed happy.
He must have passed
his driving license
exam.
MODAL VERBS YDS.NET

KESİNLİK-ÇIKARIM
may + V1 may not + V1
might + V1 might not + V1
[zayıf çıkarım]
could + V1
[zayıf çıkarım]

 Experts are not sure.

 Stressful events may / An economic crisis
might / could affect may not be under way.
the brains of boys and
girls in different ways.  It is not certain
whether China might
 Many Indians may / overtake the US.
might / could develop
Bu yapıların past hallleri de yine ZAYIF
illness due to olasılık bildirir.
hazardous air [MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT HAVE V3]

pollution.
could not + V1
Bu yapıların past hallleri de yine ZAYIF cannot + V1
olasılık bildirir. [güçlü çıkarım]
[MAY / MIGHT / COULD HAVE V3]

must + V1  Plants couldn't /

[güçlü çıkarım]
cannot grow on Mars
because it doesn't
 Clark must be
have fertile land.
intelligent. He has
Bu yapıların past hallleri de yine GÜÇLÜ
been admitted to olasılık bildirir.
Harvard University. [COULD NOT / CANNOT HAVE V3]

DİKKAT! COULD YANAR-DÖNERDİR

Bu yapının past hali de yine GÜÇLÜ olasılık
bildirir. [MUST HAVE V3]
MODAL VERBS YDS.NET

SHOULD HAVE TO
should + V1 have / has to + V1
(Present-Future tavsiye) (Present-Future zorunluluk, gereklilik) must
yoldaşıdır :)

 All students should

 In order to visit the
study harder to pass
UK, you have to take a
the exam.
visa.

 The government
 Government
should take measures
employees have to
to curb the inflation.
read a book during
Bu yapının past hali PİŞMANLIK anlamı
verir.
working hours in UAE.
It is a law.

should + have V3 Bu yapının olumsuz hali GEREK YOK

anlamı verir.
(Past pişmanlık)

 Samsung should have don't / doesn't have to + V1

recalled Galaxy Note (Present-Future gerek yok) (mustn't ile
karıştırma)
7. It is too late.
 Students don't have to
 The carbon emissions practice listening skill
are rather high. for YDS.
Scientists should
have come up with a  High school students
smart way to deal with don't have to wear
carbon dioxide uniform in the UK.
emissions.