Case 1:

Like many cities of India, Jaipur is undergoing rapid development. In Jaipur, the population was 2.34
million according to the 2001 census, and is now estimated to be over

3.5 million Solid waste management is an important part of urban and environmental management, like
other infrastructural services has come under great stress, consider low priority areas, solid waste
management was never taken up sincerely nor by public nor by concerned agency or authorities and in
present time the solid waste is impacting our heath, environment and well-being. Waste minimization is
a technique which issued for waste reduction, primarily through reduction at source; it also includes
recycling and re- use of waste materials. The benefits of minimizing of waste is both environmental
friendly and of less cost. To execute proper waste management, various points have to be considered
such as: Source reduction, Onsite storage, Collection & transfer, Processing, and Disposal. Solid waste
may be defined as production of unacceptable substances which is left after they are used once [1].With
the increase in various sectors exponentially, more inputs are required. This necessarily means more
output is also produced, and established itself in a large amount of waste. Waste is simply something
that is no longer deemed useful and is dumped. However, a change in approach to view waste as a
resource rather than as something useless is the first step needed to decrease it. Waste can be divided
into four categories: solid waste, hazardous waste, biomedical waste, and electronic waste. Municipal
solid waste (MSW) includes what is thrown out by households and the commercial sector, such as food
leftover, yard abstract, and construction debris. It is very important to consider because it is the waste
that the

Normal public has the most contact with, and has a high political profile because the public is made up
of voters. Also, MSW is one of the harder types of wastes to manage as it has many different elements,
so if it can be managed efficiently, then management of other types of solid wastes that are
homogenous by nature will be easy to manage.

Jaipurs daily production of solid waste is almost1150 MT/day. Out of which around200-250 MT still
remains on the streets and roads that mean lifting efficiency is around 80%. The per capita solid waste
generation per day is around 450 gm, which with family size of almost five, results in 1.75 kg/day. There
is none of data published on the composition of waste in Jaipur, although the figures of India in
generally are reasonably accurate depiction for Jaipur also. In India, the composition of waste is around
50% biodegradable, 25% inert waste 9% plastic, 8% paper, 4%scraps, and 1% glass. The composition of
different wastes keeps varying from season to season. In the summer time there is more biodegradable
waste produced because of more vegetation. The composition of plastic in waste has probably been
decreasing due to the recent ban on plastic bags in Rajasthan from beginning August 2010[2].Solid
waste management was selected as the topic of this study because it is a visible environmental
sustainability issue that India is confronting, since Jaipur is a rapidly developing city, effective waste
management practices is especially needed. The objective of the study was to learn as much as possible
about Jaipurs SWM through a broad-based approach.
Management of the transfer station or community bin. Secondary collection and transport to the waste
disposal site. Waste disposal in landfill sites but in most of the Indian cities open dumping is the
Common Practices which is polluting environment and Public health.

1. Explain the Solid waste management system in Jaipur.

2. What are the issues in waste management in Jaipur?

Case 2

Vikram, a young and tech-savvy guy, wants to be an entrepreneur and could not fulfill his dream due to
a lack of financial support from the family, always looks depressed and stressed. He got habituated to
the games and video-making apps where he spends most of his time. He was highly engaged in 2 major
apps one being a famous video making app in which Vikram has created and posted many videos that
brought him a good number of followers.

Vikram’s friend Vedant, one day asked him how he could create and post these many videos in the app.
Vikram replied that it is possible because he learned almost all the tricks and shortcuts of the App.

Even though Vikram was busy with his job, videos, and games, his thirst for entrepreneurship was still
disturbing him almost every day.

One day Vikram was busy developing a concept for his video and the shocking news popup in his mobile
which made him standstill. The popup said that the government has banned a number of Apps in the
country and his video making App was one among that. He felt that his future becomes a big question
mark as he will lose his followers.

Seeing his condition his friend Vedant said that Vikram I could not see you like this. Being a techno-savvy
guy having good programming and coding skills and also a person trying to prove himself as an
entrepreneur must see this situation as an opportunity and not a problem.

“Vikram I don’t think you will get a better situation than this to fulfill your dream of an entrepreneur. I
hope you are getting what I am trying to say” smiled Vedant.

Vikram nodded his head as a gesture of Understanding and gave a big smile to Vedant and he said
“Vedant, I will convert my followers as my subscribers”.

1. What was vedant talking about? What was the opportunity that he was mentioning?
2. Analyze the case and identify the supportive points for vedant’s claim.
Case 3:

Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California, USA, to two University of
Wisconsin graduate students who gave him up for adoption. He was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs,
who named him Steven. They were so focused on their son’s needs that they even moved from
Mountain View, California, to Los Altos, California, in 1968, to put Jobs in a new school because he said
that he could not get along with the children in his old school.

(One account says that he told his parents that he was not learning anything at his old school.) He was
an odd student, out of step with both classmates and teachers, with a mind that looked at science from
unusual angles. He preferred to spend his time with older students rather than ones his own age,
including Stephen Wozniak, an electronics genius four years older than Jobs. Jobs worked during the
summers, spending one summer in an apple orchard; he was so happy there that he later named his first
legitimate business “Apple.” Even in grade school he had shown a great aptitude for electronics, and he
had been fortunate to have an engineer for a neighbor, who answered his many questions about how
electronic devices worked.

While he was in high school, he built electronic devices. Once, he wanted for his projects some rare
parts made by Hewlett-Packard; he wrote to William Hewlett, cofounder of Hewlett-Packard, and asked
for the parts to be sent to him. Hewlett responded by giving Jobs a summer job in a Hewlett-Packard
factory. Wozniak already worked there as an up-andcoming engineer. In 1972 Jobs attended Reed
College, in Portland, Oregon, dropping out after one semester. He hung around the school for about a
year longer, before submitting a résumé that greatly inflated his electronics experience to Atari, a
pioneer in video gaming.

For part of 1974 he worked as a game designer, helping create Breakout. After saving up enough money
to pay his way, he left Atari and journeyed with friends to India to search for enlightenment. He shaved
his head and walked through what he saw to be appalling poverty. He soon left India believing that
Thomas Edison had done more for the betterment of humanity than all the gurus in the world. Jobs lived
briefly in a farm commune and then returned to his parents’ home. In 1975 he joined the Homebrew
computer club, which included Wozniak among its members. Wozniak had discovered that a toy in
Cap’n Crunch cereal boxes made the same tones that telephone companies used for long-distance
switching.

Soon, with Jobs’s help, he was making small blue boxes that could be used with telephones to
circumvent the safeguards of telephone companies and make free long-distance calls. It was Jobs who
turned this into a business venture by selling the boxes to college students. In 1976, when Jobs was just
21, he and Wozniak started Apple Computer. The duo started in the Jobs family garage, and funded their
entrepreneurial venture by Jobs selling his Volkswagen bus and Wozniak selling his beloved scientific
calculator.

Jobs and Wozniak are credited with revolutionizing the computer industry by democratizing the
technology and making the machines smaller, cheaper, intuitive and accessible to everyday consumers.
Wozniak conceived a series of user-friendly personal computers, and with Jobs in charge of marketing—
Apple initially marketed the computers for $666.66 each. The Apple I earned the corporation around
$774,000. Three years after the release of Apple’s second model, the Apple II, the company’s sales
increased by 700 percent, to $139 million.
In 1980, Apple Computer became a publicly traded company, with a market value of $1.2 billion by the
end of its very first day of trading. Jobs looked to marketing expert John Sculley of Pepsi-Cola to help fill
the role of Apple’s president. Departure from Apple However, the next several products from Apple
suffered significant design flaws, resulting in recalls and consumer disappointment.

IBM suddenly surpassed Apple in sales, and Apple had to compete with an IBM/PC-dominated business
world. In 1984, Apple released the Macintosh, marketing the computer as a piece of a counterculture
lifestyle: romantic, youthful, creative. But despite positive sales and performance superior to IBM’s PCs,
the Macintosh was still not IBM-compatible. Sculley believed Jobs was hurting Apple, and the company’s
executives began to phase him out. Not actually having had an official position with the company he co-
founded, Jobs left Apple in 1985 to begin a new hardware and software enterprise called NeXT, Inc. The
following year Jobs purchased an animation company from George Lucas, which later became Pixar
Animation Studios. Believing in Pixar’s potential, Jobs initially invested $50 million of his own money in
the company. Pixar Studios went on to produce wildly popular animation films such as Toy Story, Finding
Nemo and The Incredibles. Pixar’s films have netted $4 billion.

The studio merged with Walt Disney in 2006, making Steve Jobs Disney’s largest shareholder.
Reinventing Apple Despite Pixar’s success, NeXT, Inc. floundered in its attempts to sell its specialized
operating system to mainstream America. Apple eventually bought the company in 1996 for $429
million. The following year, Jobs returned to his post as Apple’s CEO. Just as Steve Jobs instigated
Apple’s success in the 1970s, he is credited with revitalizing the company in the 1990s. With a new
management team, altered stock options and a self-imposed annual salary of $1 a year, Jobs put Apple
back on track.

His ingenious products such as the iMac, effective branding campaigns and stylish designs caught the
attention of consumers once again. Pancreatic Cancer In 2003, Jobs discovered that he had a
neuroendocrine tumor, a rare but operable form of pancreatic cancer. Instead of immediately opting for
surgery, Jobs chose to alter his pescovegetarian diet while weighing Eastern treatment options. For nine
months, Jobs postponed surgery, making Apple’s board of directors nervous. Executives feared that
shareholders would pull their stock if word got out that their CEO was ill. But in the end, Jobs’
confidentiality took precedence over shareholder disclosure.

In 2004, he had a successful surgery to remove the pancreatic tumor. True to form, in subsequent years
Jobs disclosed little about his health. Later Innovations Apple introduced such revolutionary products as
the Macbook Air, iPod and iPhone, all of which have dictated the evolution of modern technology.
Almost immediately after Apple releases a new product, competitors scramble to produce comparable
technologies. Apple’s quarterly reports improved significantly in 2007: Stocks were worth $199.99 a
share – a record-breaking number at that time – and the company boasted a staggering $1.58 billion
profit, an $18 billion surplus in the bank and zero debt. In 2008, iTunes became the second-biggest
music retailer in America—second only to Wal-Mart.

1. Identify the limitations of Steve Jobs.

2. What are the lessons that you have learned from Steve Jobs?