cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

ljifo ;"rL

!= hLjg ;+w} ;lhnf] x'bF g} -------------------------- 1

@= cfzf— xfd|f] O;fO{ hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ efu -------- 3

#= cfzfsf] dxTj ------------------------------------ 5

$= jl/kl/ ePsf cfzfljlxg cj:yfx¿nfO{

kl/jt{g ug]{ k/d]Zj/ ---------------------------- 7

%= cfzfljlxg cj:yfdf cfzfsf] nflu cfwf/ -------- 11

^= cfzfljlxg cj:yfsf] dfemdf d}n] s] u5'<{ -------- 16

29
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

!
hLjg ;w} ;lhnf] x'Fb}g

xf dL ;a}n] hLjgsf] ofqfnfO{ y'k}| ;kgfx¿, nIox¿, dxTjsfFIfLx¿

tyf clenfiffx¿;Fu yfngL ub{5f}.+ xfdL a9f] pT;fxjb{s eP/ xfdLn]
s] ug]{ xf], stf hfg] xf] / hLjgdf s] x'g rfxg] xf] eGg] of]hgfx¿nfO{
tof/ kfb{5f}.+ t/ hLjgsf] o; ofqfdf st} g st} cfFlwa]x/Ldf kg]{
s'/fdf xfdL ;a} lglZrt 5f}.+ hLjg ;w} ;lhnf] x'bF g} . Pp6f syfsf]
k':tsh:t} hLjg ;lhnf] xf]; eg]/ xfdL ;a}n] rfxgf ub{5f},+ t/ of]
;w} To; k|sf/sf] x'bF g} . cgk]lIft r'gf}tLx¿, sl7gfOx¿ / cj:yfx¿
xfd|f dfu{df cfOkb{5g\. clg o:tf ;dodf xfd|f nIox¿ jf ;kgfx¿
x/fP/ uPh:t} b]lvG5. slxn]sxLF xfdL cfk}mn] cfk}mnfO{ o:tf]
kl/l:yltx¿sf dfemdf e]§fpF5f}+ ls dfgf}+ cj:yf cfzfljlxg /x]sf] 5.
xfdL cfzf u'dfpg] k|jl[ Qdf x'G5f}.+ xfdL TofUg] k|jl[ Qdf x'G5f}.+ clg
xfdL o;/L ;f]Rg yfNb5f},+ æd}n + ] slxNo} klg o;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{
;lSbgFÆ jf æd slxNo} klg d]/f] nIodf k'Ug ;lSbgF.Æ xfd|f nIox¿df
slxNo} k'Ug ;lsFbg} F ls eg]/ xfdL lg/fz x'G5f}.+
slxn]sxLF hLjgn] To:tf cgk]lIft df]8 jf kl/l:yltnfO{ lngk'U5
h;nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ xfdL k"0f{ ?kdf tof/L ePsf x'bF g} f}.+ xfdLn] cfk}mnfO{
af6f]sf] cGTolt/ cfOk'us] f] / ca st} 3'Dg] 7fpF gePsf] cj:yfdf
kfpg ;sf}n + f. tkfO{dWo] sltn] of] k':tsnfO{ k9\g] qmddf cfk}mg}
cfzfljlxg cj:yfsf] dWo:ytfdf x'ge ' Psf] xf]nf. of] tkfO{sf] sfd,
k]zf, lzIff, 3/, ljjfx jf kfl/jfl/s s'/f;Fu ;DaGwLt x'g ;Snf.
hLjgsf y'k}| s'/fx¿ unt dfu{lt/ uPsf] x'g ;S5g\. t/ d tkfO{x¿nfO{
pT;fx lbFb} of] eG5' ls afOansf] k/d]Zj/ cfzfljlxg / d/]tN' o
cj:yf tyf d/]sfx¿nfO{ hLjg lbg] ljz]if1 x'gx' G' 5. pxfF cfzfljlxg
cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ ljz]if1 x'gx' G' 5. cfd]g.\ tkfO{sf] kIfdf pxfF
1
 hLjg ;w};lhnf] x'Fb}g

x'gx' G' 5 eg] tkfO{n] lg/fzfdf cfzf ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5. oxfF;Dd ls ;a}
s'/f cfzfljlxg h:tf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf klg tkfO{ ljhoL eP/
lgSng ;Sg'xG' 5. of] k':tsn] pT;fxsf] ;/n zAbx¿nfO{ NofpF5 /
xfdLnfO{ cfzf gu'dfpg pkb]z lbG5.
cfzf /flvg'sf] dxTj
cfzf /flvg' cltg} dxTjk"0f{ 5. …cfzfÚ eg]sf] ck]Iff, k|Tofzf, xfdLn]
cl3 x]g{] s'g} s'/f, rfxgf, ;kgf jf cfsf+Iff xf]. O;fO{ hLjgsf] Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf] cfzf xf]. xfd|f] O;fO{ lxF8fO{df tLg dxTjk"0f{
s'/fx¿nfO{ afOann] ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5. tLdWo] Pp6frflxF cfzf xf].
æclg ca oL tLg s'/f /xG5g\M ljZjf;, cfzf / k|]d. t/ tL tLgdf
k|]d g} ;jf]{Qd xf
xf] -! sf]l/GyL !#M!#_.Æ

afOansf] k/d]Zj/ d/]sfx¿df tyf d/]tN' o / cfzfljlxg

h:t} b]lvg] cj:yfx¿df hLjg Nofpg] ljz]if1 x'gx' G' 5 .
pxfF cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]l{ jz]if1 x'gx' G' 5 .
afOansf] k/d]Zj/nfO{ tkfO{sf] cj:yf kl/jt{g ug{ lbg'xf];.\

2
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

@
cfzf— xfd|f] O;fO{ hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ c+z xf]

lj Zjf;Lx¿ ePsf x'gfn] xfdL cfpg]jfnf y'k}| s'/fx¿sf] cfzf

/fVb5f}+.
cgGt hLjgsf] cfzf
æcgGt hLjgsf] cfzfdf c8]sf] Tof] ljZjf; / 1fg, h;nfO{ e"m6
gaf]Ng'x'g] k/d]Zj/n] ;gftgb]lv g} k|lt1f ug'{ePsf] lyof] -tLt;
!M@_.Æ
xfdL cgGt hLjgsf] cfzf ub{5f}.+ hals cgGt hLjg eg]sf]
xfd|f] cfTdfdf x'g] s'g} s'/f eP tfklg, xfdLn] o;}sf] k|ltIff klg ub{5f}.+
dlxdfsf] cfzf
æo; /x:osf] dlxdfdo ;DklQ, h' g v| L i6 ltdLx¿leq x' g ' e Psf]
cyf{ t \ dlxdfsf] cfzf xf] , Tof] u} / –ox" b Lx¿nfO{ hgfpgsf] nflu
k/d]Zj/n] ltgLx¿nfO{ r'Gg'ePsf] 5 -sn:;L !M@&_.Æ
v|Li6 xfdLdf dlxdfsf] cfzf x'gx' G' 5. pxfF cfpg]jfnf ;+;f/df
x'g] hLjgsf] nflu xfd|f] cfzf x'gx' G' 5. Tof] ;+;f/ clxn]sf] jt{dfg
;+;f/eGbf cltg} c;n x'g5] . xfdL k/d]Zj/;Fu :ju{df pxfFsf] pkl:yltdf
a:g] s'/fsf] ck]Iff ul//x]sf] 5f}.+
d'lQmsf] cfzf
æt/ xfdL lbgsf x'gfn] ljZjf; / k|]dsf 5ftL–kftf clg d'lQmsf]
cfzfsf] 6f]k nufP/ xfdL ;+odL xf]cf}+ -! y]:;fnf]lgsL %M*_.Æ

3
 cfzf—xfd|f] O;fO{hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{c+z xf]

æcfuf] a f6 vfl/g] t/ gi6 eP/ hfg] ;' g eGbf klg ltdLx¿sf]

ljZjf; d" N ojfg\ 5 . ltdLx¿sf] of] ljZjf; ;fF r f] k| d fl0ft xf] ; \
clg o]z" v|Li6 k|s6 x'g'xFbf k|z+;f, dlxdf / cfb/sf] of]Uo agf];\.
ltdLx¿n] b]v]sf 5}gf}+ tfklg pxfFnfO{ k|]d u5f}{. pxfFnfO{ ltdLx¿
clxn] b] V b} g f} + , tfklg pxfF d fly ljZjf; u5f} { clg cj0f{ g Lo /
dlxldt cfgGbdf /dfpF5f} clg ltdLx¿sf ljZjf;sf] kmn cyf{t\
ltdLx¿n] cfTdfsf] d'lQm kfpF5f} -! kq'; !M&–(_.Æ
d'lQm clxn] z'? x'G5, clg xfd|f] d'lQmsf] Tof] c+z klg /x]sf] 5
h;sf] xfdL ck]Iff ub{5f}.+
v|Li6df kmsf{Osf] cfzf
æ;fy} To; wGo cfzfsf] , xfd| f dxfg\ k/d] Z j/ / d' l Qmbftf o] z "
v|Li6sf] dlxdfk"0f{ cfudgsf] af6f] x]b}{ lhpg'k5{ -tLt; @M!#_.Æ

k'ghL{jgsf] cfzf
æwdL{/ cwdL{ b'j} d[tsaf6 k'ghL{ljt x'G5g\ eGg] cfzf logLx¿df
5, To:t} cfzf d klg k/d]Zj/df /fV5' -k|]l/t @$M!%_.Æ

4
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

#
cfzfsf] dxTj

xf d|f] b}lgs hLjgdf cfzf x'g' Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ 5. xfdL cfzfljlxg

cj:yfx¿df klg e/k"/ cfzf /fVg] dflg;x¿ x'gk' b{5. lg/Gt/ ?kdf
cfzf /flvg' sltsf] dxTk"0f{ 5 eGg] y'k}| sf/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\.
IfL0f cfzfn] leqL dfG5]nfO{ sdhf]/ kfb{5
æIfL0f x'Fb} u/]sf] cfzfn] ÅbonfO{ b'a{n kf5{, t/ k"/f ePsf] rfxgf
hLjgsf] ¿v xf] -lxtf]kb]z !#M!@_.Æ
slxn]sxLF xfdLn] cfzf u/]sf] s'/fx¿ kfpgdf l9nfO x'G5. s'g}
lglZrt jif{df xfdL s'g} lglZrt s'/f k"/f ug]5 { f}+ eg]/ cfzf ub{5f},+ t/
pQm jif{sf] cGTolt/ klg Tof] k"/f gePsf] x'g ;Sg]5. xfdLn] cfk}mnfO{
csf]{ jif{ Tof] s'/f zfob k"/f x'g5
] eg]/ egf}n
+ f clg Tof] ce}m;Dd klg
gxf]nf. h;/L cfzf ul/Psf] s'/f k|fKt ug{df l9nfO x'G5, leqL dfG5]n]
k"0f{ ?kdf cfzf u'dfpg yfNb5 / sdhf]/ x'G5. clg csf]l{ t/ ha
xfdLn] cfzf u/]sf s'/fnfO{ kfpF5f},+ ta Tof] hLjgsf] ?v h:t} x'G5.
o;n] xfdLnfO{ tfhf Pj hf]lznf] agfpF5. xfdL tfhf / gofF ePsf]
dxz'; ub{5f}.+ xfd|f] ljZjf; cfsfl;G5. xfdL k|l] /t x'G5f}+ / cl3 a9\g
;Ifd x'G5f}.+
cfzf eg]sf] cfTdfsf] nË/ xf]
æof] cfzf xfd| f ] cfTdfsf] lglDt lglZrt / l:y/ nË/sf] ¿kdf
5===
5===-lxa|" ^M!(_.Æ
cfzf eg]sf] cfTdfsf] nË/ xf]. …cfTdfÚ eGg] zAbn] ljrf/, OR5f
/ efjgfnfO{ ;ª\st] ub{5. oxfF cfzfnfO{ cfTdf;Fusf] ;Dks{sf] e"ldsfdf
a0f{g ug{sf] nflu hxfhnfO{ Ps 7fpFdf c8\ofpgsf] nflu s;/L nË/
v;fOG5 eGg] ?ksf] k|of]u ePsf] 5. ha nË/nfO{ ;d'Gb|df v;fOG5,
ta cfFlwa]x/L cfPsf] a]nfdf klg hxfhnfO{ l:y/ kfg{ ;lsG5. afOann]
5
 cfzfsf] dxTj

cfzf xfd|f] cfTdfsf] lglDt nË/ xf] eg]/ atfpF5. o;sf] cy{ olb d;Fu
cfzf x'bF g} eg] d]/f] cfTdf— d]/f] OR5f, efjgf tyf ljrf/nfO{ sl7gfOsf]
;dodf l:y/ kfg{ cfjZos zlQm x'bF g} elgPsf] h:t} xf]. ha dflg;x¿n]
k"0f{ ¿kdf cfzfnfO{ x/fpF5g, ta hLjgsf] cfFlwa]x/Ln] cl3 a9\gdf
/f]s nufPsf] h:t} b]lvG5. pgLx¿ lg/fz x'G5g\ / ;lhn};uF ;ª\3if{
ug{nfO{ 5f]85 \ g. pgLx¿ ca afFRgsf] nflu s'g} sf/0f g} gePsf] h:tf]
;f]Rg yfNb5g. pgLx¿sf lbdfu cfzfljlxg ljrf/x¿ h:t}, æs;}n]
dnfO{ jf:tf ub}g{ , ;a} s'/fx¿ unt 5g, Tof] slxNo} ;xL x'g ;Sb}gÆ
eGg] h:tf s'/fx¿n] el/g yfNb5. o:tf] cj:yfdf w]/n } ] cfTdfxTof
klg ug{ k'U5g. To;}sf/0fn] clt g} sl7gfOsf] dfemdf klg cfzf
gu'dfpg' clt g}dxTjk"0f{ x'G5. cfzf eg]sf] cfTdfsf] nË/ xf].
cfzf eg]sf] ljZjf;sf] cu|b"t xf]
æca ljZjf;, cfzf ul/Psf s'/fsf] lgZrotf / gb]lvPsf] s'/fsf]
b[9 e/f];f xf] -lxa|" !!M!_.Æ
cfzfdf ljZjf; cfl>t ePsf] sf/0fn] of] dxTjk"0f{ 5. cfzf
ljZjf;eGbf cl3 cfpg] ub{5. xfdL;Fu cfzf ePkl5 dfq ljZjf;
cfpg] ub{5. dfgf}+ Pp6f cToGt} uDeL/ ladf/L /x]sf] 5 / p;sf]
8fS6/n] p;nfO{ ;xfotf ug{sf] nflu lrlsT;f lj1fgn] s]xL klg ug{
g;Sg] / pm ca s]xL lbg dfq afFR5 eg]/ eGof]. o:tf] cj:yfdf
clwsfFz dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf] cfzfnfO{ TofU5g\. p;sf] ljrf/ clGtd
zAbx¿, tl:j/x¿ tyf bfx;+:sf/ h:tf s'/fx¿n] el/G5g\. ha s'g}
JolQmn] cfzfnfO{ TofUb5, ta ljZjf;n] klg sfd ub}g{ lsgls æljZjf;
eg]sf] cfzf ul/Psf] s'/fsf] lgZrotf xf].Æ ha s'g} JolQmn] r+ËfO{ x'g]
cfzf klg ub}g{ eg], p;n] k/d]Zj/af6 r+ËfO{ kfpg] ljZjf; /fVg clt
g} sl7g x'G5. ladf/L JolQmn] cfk}mnfO{ d[To'zo} faf6 lgsf] x'bF } p7]/
lxF8s
] f] kl/sNkgf ug'k{ b{5. 8fS6/x¿n] cfzf Toflu;s]sf eP tfklg,
:ju{sf] k/d]Zj/n] r+ËfO{ ug{ ;Sg'xg' ] s'/fdf p;n] cfzf ug{ ;Sg'kb{5
lsgls pxfFn] To;f] ug{ clt g} OR5's x'gx' G' 5. k"0f{ ?kdf r+ËfO{ kfpg]
cfzf /fVgfn], r+ËfO{ Nofpg] s'/fdf ljZjf;n] k|dv ' e"ldsf lgefpgdf
;Ifd kfg]5 { .
6
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

$
cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g
ug] { k /d] Z j/
rf x] xfdL h:tf];s
' } kl/l:ylt jf cfzfljlxg cj:yfdf lsg ePsf
gxf]pm, xfd|f] k/d]Zj/ cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ ljz]if1
x'gx' G' 5 eGg] s'/f xfdLnfO{ ;w} :d/0f /xf];.\ cfd]gÛ\ zfob tkfO{sf]
cfzfljlxg cj:yf eg]sf] tkfO{sf] ljjfx, sfd, ;Gtfgx¿, cfly{s
s'/fx¿, k]zf, lzIff jf cGo s'g} s'/f x'g ;Snfg\. rfx] h];s ' } lsg
gxf];\, xfd|f] cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] k/d]Zj/sf]
;]jsfOdf xfdL 5f}+ eGg] s'/fdf s]lGb|t x'gx' f];.\ To;}sf/0fn] xfdLn]
cfzfnfO{ TofUg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g\. cfpg'xf];\ xfdL k/d]Zj/n]
cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{ ePsf s]xL afOansf kl/lrt
pbfx/0fx¿nfO{ x]/f}+.
u/La dlxnf
cfk"m;Fu b'Oc
{ f]6f 5f]/fx¿ / 7"nf] C0fnfO{ 5f]8/] cfˆgf] klt lat]sf Ps
dlxnfnfO{ lncf} -@ /fhfx¿ $M!–&_. pgsf ;fx'hLx¿n] b}lgs ?kdf
cfP/ k};f dfUg] / pgsf aRrfx¿nfO{nh } fg] wDsL lbg] ub{y.] ;fFRr}Û
of] dlxnfsf] cj:yf cfzfljlxg lyof]. pgL k/d]Zj/sf ;]js PlnzfsxfF
k'lugF / cfˆgf ;a} b'bz { fx¿nfO{ atfpFb} dbt dflugF. ltgn] pgL;Fu
3/df s] 5 eg]/ ;f]w.] s]jn Pp6f efF8fdf clnslt dfq t]n ePsf]
s'/f pgn] ltgnfO{ atfOg. Plnzfn] ltgnfO{ uP/ hlt;Sbf] efF8fx¿
a6'Ng] / pgL;Fu ePsf] t]n ;a} efF8fdf vGofpg] lgb]z { g lbP. cRrd
k|sf/n] t]n a9\of] / ;a} efF8fx¿ t]nn] el/P. To;kl5 Plnzfn] ;a}
t]nnfO{ a]r/] pgsf] ;a} C0fx¿ lt/Llbg] / gofF hLjg z'?jft ug]{
lgb]z
{ g lbP. of] dlxnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ cRrd k|sf/n] k|bfg u/]/
k/d]Zj/n] cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug'e { of].
7
 cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{kl/jt{g ug]{k/d]Zj/

ljjfx ef]hdf crDsf] sfd

ljjfx ef]hsf lgdGqsn] ef]hdf bfvdB ;lsPsf] yfxf kfP. of]
;fdfGo h:tf] cj:yf b]lvP tfklg, cfzfljlxg cj:yf /x]sf] lyof]. ca
s] ug]x{ f] eg]/ ha ;a} dflg;x¿ cQfln/x]sf a]nfdf o]zs " f] cfdf
d]/Ln] ljjfx ef]hsf gf]s/x¿nfO{ elgg, æo]zn " ] h] ug'{ eg]/ eGg'xG' 5,
To;} u/.Æ o]zn " ] kfgLsf] efF8fx¿df kfgL eg]{ / To;kl5 kfx'gfx¿nfO{
lbg' eg]/ eGg'eof]. Tof] kfgL cnf}lss tl/sfn] bfvdBdf kl/0ft eof]
/ ljjfxdf ePsf ;a}n] k|z:t;Fu lkP -o"xGgf @M!–!!_. cRrd k|sf/
sf] k|aGwsf] of] csf]{ pbfx/0f xf] Û k/d]Zj/sf] k/fdz{nfO{ ;'Gg] /
pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] s'/fnfO{ ugf{n] cfzfljlxg cj:yf kl/jt{g x'g;S5.
cfzfljlxg /ftkl5sf] laxfgL
n"sf % df xfd|f] nflu k|e' o]zn " ] b]vfpg'ePsf] Joj;flos cRrdsf]
sfd /x]sf] 5. kq';n] pgsf Joj;flos ;fe]mbf/Lx¿ ofs"a, o"xGgf /
clGb|of;;Fu df5f Jofkf/ uy].{ ltgLx¿ d5'jfnfx¿ lyP. Ps lbg
pgLx¿n] /ftel/ ;d'Gb|df ljtfP / klg s]xL df5f kqmg ;s]sf
lyPgg\. csf]{ lbg ha pgLx¿ lsgf/lt/ cfP, o]z" k|en ' ] pgLx¿nfO{
e]6g\ e
' of]. pxfFsf] pkb]znfO{ ;'Ggsf] lglDt e]nf ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{
k|rf/ ug{ pxfFn] ltgLx¿sf 8'ËfnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ cg'/f]w ug'e { of]. pxfFn]
jrg k|rf/ ul/;Sg' ePkl5 kq';nfO{ k'gMPsk6s df5f kqmg ;d'Gb|df
hfg] cf1f lbg'eof]. kq';n] hjfkm lbP, æu'?Ho" Û xfdLn] /ftel/ d]xgt
u¥of}+ t/ Pp6} klg df5f kqmg ;s]gf}.+ t/ h]xf];,\ tkfO{sf] cf1fcg';f/
d k]ml/ Psk6s hfn ˆofFS5'Æ -n"sf %M%_. cfˆgf] sf]lzzn] s]xL klg
kl/0ffd gNofPsf] s'/f kq';nfO{ yfxf lyof]. t/}klg o]zn " ] eGg'ePsf]
s'/f ug{ pgL OR5's eP.
k|es' f] Pp6f jrgn] cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ul/lbof].
o]z" k|en' ] eGg'ePsf] s'/fk|lt kq';sf] :ki6 cf1fsfl/tfn] p;sf] hLjgdf
…cfly{s cRrdsf] sfdÚ NofOlbof].
8
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

O;|fPnL /fi6«
ox"bL dflg;x¿ ;Dk"0f{ ljZjel/ g} 5/k'i6 eP/ k}mlnPsf lyP. ox"bL
dflg;x¿df Ps lsl;dsf] cfzfljlxg cj:yf 5fPsf] lyof]. OhlsPn
#& cWofodf O;|fPnLx¿sf] cj:yfnfO{ b]vfpgsf] nflu k/d]Zj/n]
OhlsPnnfO{ ;'ss ] f] xLx¿sf d}bfgsf] bz{g lbg'eof]. æx] dflg;sf]
k'q, oL xf8x¿ O;|fPnsf ;Dk"0f{ 3/fgf x'g.\ ltgLx¿ eG5g\, …xfd|f
xf8x¿ ;'lsuPsf 5g\ clg xfd|f] cfzf uO;s]sf] 5, xfdL gfz ePsf
5f}+ -OhlsPn #&M!!_.ÚÆ
To;kl5 k/d]Zj/n] ;'ss ] f xLx¿nfO{ cudjf0fL af]Ngsf] nflu
lgb] { z g lbg' e of] . æo;sf/0f cudjf0fL u/] / ltgLx¿nfO{ eg\ M
…;j{;Qfwf/L k/dk|e' o;f] eGg'xG' 5M x] d]/f dflg; xf], d ltdLx¿sf
lrxfgx¿ p3fg{ / ltdLx¿nfO{ tLaf6 dfly Nofpg nfu]sf] 5'Ù d
ltdLx¿nfO{ O;|fPnsf] b]zdf kmsf{P/ Nofpg]5' -OhlsPn #&M!@_.ÚÆ
cudjQmfåf/f, k/d]Zj/n] ox"bL dflg;x¿sf] k'gM{ e]nf / O;|fPnnfO{
/fi6«sf] ?kdf k'gM:yflkt ug]{ s'/f cudjf0fL ug'e{ of]. k/d]Zj/n] pxfFsf]
jrgnfO{ k"/f ug'e { of] clg d]+ !$, !($*df O;|fPn Pp6f /fi6«sf]
?kdf 3f]lift eof]. ;+;f/}el/af6 ox"bLx¿ cfˆg} e"lddf kms{g yfn].
To;}sf/0fn] xfdLn] cfzfljlxg cj:yf eg]/ lng] s'/fnfO{ k/
d]Zj/n] kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5. k/d]Zj/n] cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{sf]
nflu …lrxfgx¿Ú p3f/]/ …;'ss ] f xfLx¿dfÚ hLjg xfNg ;Sg'xG' 5 /
To;f] ug{pxfF OR5's klg x'gx' G' 5.
ca|fxfd / ;f/f
k/d]Zj/n] ca|fxd / ;f/fnfO{ pgLx¿sf cfˆg} ;Gtfg hGdg]5 eg]/
k|lt1f ug'x{ bF' f, pgLx¿ w]/} pd]/sf e}O;s]sf lyP. pxfFn] ltgLx¿nfO{
5f]/f lbg] / To; 5f]/faf6 cfsfzsf tf/fx¿ / ;d'Gb|sf lsgf/sf]
afn'jfx¿ hlts} c;+VoLo ;Gtfgx¿ x'g] k|lt1f ug'e { of]. ha pgLx¿n]
cfˆgf ;Gtfg x'g] s'/f yfxf kfP, pgLx¿ cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltdf eP
lsgls oltsf aif{;Dd pgLx¿sf s'g} ;Gtfg lyPgg\. ca|fxd ((
9
 cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{kl/jt{g ug]{k/d]Zj/

aif{sf lyP eg] oltsf aif{;Dd ;f/fsf] sf]v afFemf] ePsf] x'gfn],
pgLx¿sf cj:yf cfzfljlxg lyof].
of] cj:yfaf/] afOann] o;/L eg]sf] 5M
æh;/L n]lvPsf] 5M d}+n] tFnfO{ w]/} hfltx¿sf lktf t'NofPsf] 5'.
h'g k/d]Zj/sf] pkl:yltdf pgn] ljZjf; u/], h;n] d/]sfx¿nfO{
hLjg lbg'x'G5 / cl:tTjdf gePsf s'/fnfO{ cl:tTjdf Nofpg'x'G5.
h;n] t]/f ;Gtfg o:t} x'g]5 egL eg]sf x'gfn] w]/} hfltx¿sf lktf
x'gnfO{ lg/fzfdf klg cfzf /fv]/ ljZjf; u/] -/f]dL $M!&–!*_.Æ
of] xfdLnfO{ k5\ofpg lbOPsf] 7"nf] pbfx/0f xf]. ca|fxdn] ælgfzfdf
cfzfk"0f{ ljZjf; u/].Æ ha ToxfF cfzf /flvg'kg]{ s'g} sf/0f g} lyPgg,
ta klg k/d]Zj/n] eGg'ePsf] s'/fdf cfzf /fVb} pgn] To;df ljZjf;
u/] . clg pgn] cfzf;fy ljZjf; u/]sf sf/0fn], æh] af]lnPsf] lyof]
To;}cg';f/ pgL x'g uP.Æ
ha k/d]Zj/n] k|lt1f ug'x{ G' 5, slxNo} klg o;/L geGg'xf];,\
æk/d]Zj/ of] k|lt1f xf:o:kb 5.Æ of] xf:o:kb x'g ;Sb}g lsgls xfd|f]
k/d]Zj/n] d/]sfx¿nfO{ hLjg lbg'xG' 5. To;}sf/0fn] ha k/d]Zj/n]
tkfO{nfO{ s'g} k|lt1fsf] jrg af]Ng'x'G5, ta kl/l:ylt h:tf];'s}
cfzfljlxg h:tf] lsg gb]lvof];,\ ta pxfF ToxL k/d]Zj/ x'gx' G' 5
h;n] d/]sfx¿nfO{ hLjg lbg'xG' 5, ToxL k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{;uF af]Nb}
x'gx' G' 5 eGg] s'/f gla;{gx' f]nf clg pxfFn] h:tf];s
' } kl/l:yltnfO{ klg
ToxfF slxNo} klg To:tf] gePsf] h:tf]u/L kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg'x'G5.
k/d]Zj/n] s'g} kl/l:yltnfO{ cem c;n agfpg dfq ;Sg'xg' ] xf]Og,
t/ pxfFn] To;nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf kl/jt{g klg ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 Û pxfFn] slxNo}
klg cl:yTjdf gePsf] s'/fnfO{ klg cl:tTjdf Nofpg ;Sg'x'G5.
clxn] tkfO{sf] 3/df zflGt gx'g ;Snf t/ k/d]Zj/n] Tof] Nofpg
;Sg'xG' 5. tkfO{sf] z/L/df r+ËfO{ gePsf] x'g ;Snf t/ k/d]Zj/n] Tof]
Nofpg ;Sg'xG' 5. tkfO{sf] 3/df, sfddf jf k]zfdf ;kmntf gePsf]
x'g;Snf t/ k/d]Zj/n] Tof] Nofpg ;Sg'xG' 5.
10
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

%
cfzfljlxg cj:yfdf cfzfsf] nflu cfwf/

cf zfljlxg cj:yfdf cfzfsf] cfwf/ s] x'g ;Snf< s] of] lbgdf

b]lvg] sNkgf dfq xf]< s] of] jf:tljstfnfO{ dfyL u/fpg] ljrf/sf]
k|Zgdfq} xf]< s] of] ;s/fTds x'g] s'/f dfq} xf]< s] of] ;sf/fTds x'g]
/ ;s/fTds a:g] dfgjLo sf]lzz dfq}xf]< clt g} sl7gfOsf]
kl/l:yltdf klg xfdLn] cfzf /fVg ;Sg'sf] sf/0f eg]sf] k/d]Zj/ /
pxfFsf] jrgsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ g} xf].
æh;n] t]/f] ;Gtfg o:t} x'g]5Æ egL eg]sf] x'gfn] w]/} hfltx¿sf
lktf x'gnfO{ lg/fzf klg cfzf /fv]/ ljZjf; u/] -/f]dL $M!*_.Æ
ljZjf; ug]{ s'g} sf/0f g} geP tfklg k/d]Zj/n] eg]sf] s'/fdf
ca|fxdn] ljZjf; u/]. ha cj:yf cfzfljlxg lyof], pgn] ce}m klg
ljZjf; u/]. lsg< lsgls k/d]Zj/n] ljZjf; ug'e { Psf] lyof]. pgn]
æaf]lnPsf] cg';f/Æ cfzfdf ljZjf; u/]. Tof] g} cfzfsf] lglDt cfwf/
lyof]. k/d]Zj/n] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] clg cj:yf cfzfljlxg ePsf] eP
tfklg, ca|fxfdn] ;a}lsl;dsf lg/fzfsf] s'/fsf] afjh't klg ljZjf;
u/].
k/d]Zj/ / pxfFsf] jrg xfd|f] ljZjf;sf] cfwf/ eof]
æx] k/dk| e ' d tkfO{ + s } k| t LIff u5' { , x] k/dk| e ' , d] / f k/d] Z j/,
tkfO{+n] hjfkm lbg'x'g]5 -ehg #*M!%_.Æ
æd k/dk|e'nfO{ kv{G5', d]/f] k|f0fn] pxfFsf] af6f] x]b{5, clg pxfFsf]
jrgdf d cfzf /fVb5' -ehg !#)M%_.Æ
æb[9tf / wd{zf:qsf] pT;fxåf/f xfdLn] cfzf k|fKt ug{;sf}+ eg]/
klxn] – klxn] n] l vPsf s' / f xfdLnfO{ lzIff lbg n] l vPsf lyP
-/f]dL !%M$_.Æ
11
 cfzfljlxg cj:yfdf cfzfsf] nflu cfwf/

k/d]Zj/ xfd|f] cfzfsf] sf/0f, ;|f]t / ;fdYo{ x'g'x'G5. xfd|f]

cfzfsf] nflu pxfFsf] jrg cfwf/ x'G5. zf:qåf/f xfd|f] Åbodf w}ot{ f
/ cfgGb Nofpg] x'gfn] xfdLn] xfd|f] cfzfnfO{ sfod /fVg ;S5f}.+

eljiosf] nflu cfzf

xfdLn] clxn];Dd k9]sf s'/fx¿sf Jojxfl/s kIfx¿nfO{ x]/f}+. of]
k':tsnfO{ k9\g] tkfO{x¿dWo] sltn] æeljiosf] nflu d;Fu s'g} cfzf
5}gÆ\ jf æd w]/} 6f9f;Dd hfg ;S5' h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g. d]/f] hLjgdf
cem w]/} s'/fx¿ x'g ;Sb}gg\,Æ eg]/ egL /xg' ePsf] xf]nf. k/d]Zj/
/ pxfFsf] jrgsf] sf/0f xfdLn] eljiosf] nflu cfzf ug{ ;S5f}+ eg]/
tkfO{x¿n] hfGg'ePsf] xf];\ eGg] d rfxfG5'. pxfFsf] jrgn] o;/L
eg]sf] 5M
æt/ h;/L of] n]lvPsf] 5, cfFvfn] gb]v]sf / sfgn] g;'g]sf clg
dflg;n] dgdf g;f] r ] s f, oL g} s' / f k/d] Z j/n] pxfF n fO{ k| ] d
ug]{x¿sf lglDt tof/ kfg'{ePsf] 5 -! sf]l/GyL @M(_.Æ
xfdL;Fu eljiosf] nflu cfzf 5. xfdL eljiodf cRrdnfUbf]
sfd b]Vg]5f}+ eGg] s'/fdf cfzfjfbL 5f}.+ lsg < k/d]Zj/sf] jrgsf]
sf/0fn] xfdL To;/L ljZjf; ug{ ;S5f}+ lsgls k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|]d
ug]x{ ¿sf lglDt pxfFn] o:tf] s'/fx¿ tof/ kfg'e
{ Psf] 5 eg]/ jrgdf
elgPsf] 5.
ælsgls h' g of] h gfx¿ d} n ] ltdLx¿sf] lglDt agfPsf] 5' , tL d
hfGb5' , tL ltdLx¿sf pGgltsf] lglDt x' g \ , gf] S ;fgLsf] lglDt
xf] O gg\ , ltdLx¿nfO{ cfzf / eljio lbgnfO{ xf] Æ k/dk| e ' 3f] i f0ff
ug'{x'G5 -old{of @(M!!_.Æ
k/d]Zj/sf] jrg g} xfd|f] cfzfsf] lglDt cfwf/ xf]. To;}sf/0fn]
xfdLn] cem c;n eljiosf] nflu cfzf ul//fVg ;S5f}.+ xfd|f] jt{dfg
cj:yf xfd|f] clGtd uGtJosf] ;ª\s]t xf]Og. k/d]Zj/sf] jrgdf
pxfFn] k|lt1f ug'{ ePsf] sf/0fn] xfd|f] eljio dha't, ;kmn / ;'/lIft
12
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

x'G5 eg]/ cfzf ug{ ;S5f}.+ xfd|f] jt{dfg kl/l:yltx¿n] xfdLnfO{ lg/
fzf kfg{ xfdLn] lbFbg} f}.+
;kmn x'g] cfzf
tkfO{dWo] sltn] s] hLjgdf slxNo} ;kmn x'g ;lsPnf /< eg]/
gs/fTds ljrf/x¿ lnP/ lxFl8/xg' ePsf] x'g ;Snf. tkfO{n] sf]lzz
ug'e
{ Psf ;a}s/' fx¿ clxn];Dd c;kmn ePsf x'g ;Snfg\. tkfO{n]
k/d]Zj/sf] jrgn] eg]sf] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug'k{ b{5. h:t}M
æwGo xf] Tof] dflg;, hf] b'i6x¿sf] ;Nnfxdf lxF8\b}g, hf] kfkLx¿sf
dfu{ d f v8f x' F b } g , hf] luNnf ug] { x ¿sf a} 7 sdf a:b} g . t/
k/dk|e'sf] Joj:yfdf g} Tof] k|;Gg /xG5, / lbg/ft To;n] pxfFs}
Joj:yfdf g} Wofg lbG5. vf] n fsf] lsgf/df /f] k ] s f] af] 6 h:t}
Tof] x'G5, h;n] cfˆgf] Ct'df kmn lbG5, clg h;sf] kft slxNo}
cf]OnfpFb}g, To;n] h] u5{, To;df Tof] ;kmn x'G5 -ehg !M!–#_.Æ
tkfO{n] cfk}mnfO{ kmn kmn]sf] ?vh:t}sNkgf ug'x{ f];.\ tkfO{n]
cfk}mnfO{ tkfO{n] ug]{ ;a} s'/fdf ;kmn ePsf] JolQmh:t} x]gx{' f];.\
tkfO{sf] hLjgsf] ;DaGwdf of] k/d]Zj/sf] jrg xf]. To;}n] k/d]Zj/
n] tkfO{sf] hLjgdf s] ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ s'g} klg kl/l:yltn]
grf]/f];\.
tkfO{sf] ;kgfx¿nfO{ k"/f ug]{ cfzf
tkfO{sf] ;kgfx¿nfO{ slxNo} k"/f ug{ ;lsFbg} xf]nf eg]/ tkfO{dWo]
sltn] cfzfnfO{ Toflu;Sg' ePsf] xf]nf. k/d]Zj/sf] jrgn] o;/L
eg]sf] 5M
æk/dk| e ' d f cfglGbt xf] p m, / pxfF n ] ltd| f dgf] / y k" 0 f{ ug' { x ' g ] 5
-ehg #&M$_.Æ
d]/f sNkgfx¿ slxNo} k"/f x'Fb}gg\ xf]nf eg] h:tf] b]lvg]
cj:yfx¿df d k'us
] f] lyPF. d x'ls{bF} /x]sf] a]nfdf Pslbg d}n] a]u+ nf]/
13
 cfzfljlxg cj:yfdf cfzfsf] nflu cfwf/

zx/df Pp6f 7"nf] dha't d08nL agfpg]5' h;n] ;+;f/el/ g} k|efj

kfg]{5 eg]/ ;kgf b]v]sf] s'/f dnfO{ :d/0f 5. ljleGg lsl;dsf
36gfx¿ 36] / d}n + ] d]/f] of] ;kgf slxNo} klg k"/f ug{ ;lSbFg h:tf]
;f]rn] dnfO{ 8f]¥ofof]. of] s]jn ;kgfdf dfq} ;Lldt /xg uPsf] h:t}
b]lvGYof]. o:tf] b]lvGYof] ls d slxNo} klg To;tk{m cl3 a9\g ;lSbFg
h:tf] nfUbYof]. t/}klg d}n + ] slxNo} klg d]/f] cfzfnfO{ x/fPsf] lyOg
lsgls pxfFsf] jrgn] dnfO{ æeljio / cfzfÆ lbg'xg' ] / pxfFn] æcfFvfn]
gb]vs ] f / sfgn] g;'gs ] fÆ s'/fx¿ tof/ kfg'e { Psf] 5 eg]/ eg]sf]
dnfO{ yfxf lyof]. olb d pxfFdf cfglGbt ePF eg] pxfFn] d]/f] Åbosf]
rfxgfnfO{ lbg'xg' ] s'/f klg pxfFsf] jrgn] eg]sf] 5. d]/f] cj:yf emg
emg v/fa eP/ uP tfklg, pxfFsf] jrg ;w} Psgf; g} /x]sf] 5. d}n + ]
pxfFsf] jrgnfO{ klqm/fv]. pxfFsf] jrgg} d]/f] cfzfsf] lglDt cfwf/
eof]. clg cfh of] ;kgf ;fsf/ ePsf] d}n + ] kfPsf] 5'. xn]no" fxÛ
tkfO{sf] ;Gtfgx¿sf nflu cfzf
tkfO{dWo] sltn] cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿af/] cfzf u'dfpg' ePsf] x'g ;Snf.
tkfO{n] pgLx¿nfO{ /fd|f; ] uF tfnLd lbg'ePsf] / k/d]Zj/sf] jrgaf6
l;sfpFge ' Psf] xf]nf, t/ clxn] pgLx¿ hLjgsf] o:tf] cj:yfdf /x]sf
5g ls tkfO{n] slxNo} klg sNkgf klg gug"{ ePsf] x'g ;Snf. zfob
pgLx¿n] cfˆgf cWoognfO{ 5f]8/] /S;L jf nfu' cf}ifwsf] lzsf/
ePsf xf]nfg\. tkfO{sf ;a} tfnLdx¿ a]sf/ ePsf] h:t} b]lv/xg'
ePsf] xf]nf. tkfO{n] pgLx¿sf hLjgdf ug'{ePsf ;a} sl7g
kl/>dx¿ a]sf/ eP/ uP eg]/ tkfO{n] ;f]lr/xg'ePsf] xf]nf. tkfO{sf
;Gtfgx¿sf nflu tkfO{n] cfˆgf] cfzfnfO{ Toflulbg] tv{/df x'gx' G' 5
xf]nf. d tkfO{x¿nfO{ pT;fx lbFbo} f] eGg rfxfG5', æcfzf gTofUg'xf];.\ Æ
k/d]Zj/sf] jrgn] o;/L eGb5M
æk/dk| e ' s f] k| z + ; f u/. d] / f] ;f/f Åbon] , ;f] e mf dflg;x¿sf]
;efdf / ;d' b fodf klg d k/dk| e ' n fO{ pRr kfg] { 5 ' . k/dk| e ' s f
sfdx¿ dxfg\5g\Ù ltgdf k|;Gg x'g]x¿ ;a}n] tLdfly lrGtg–dgg
u5{g -ehg !!@M!,@_.Æ
14
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

tkfO{n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ o;/L eGg ;Sg'xG' 5M æd}n

+ ] tkfO{sf] jrgdf
cfzf /flv/x]sf] 5'. tkfO{sf] jrgn] atfpF5 ls tkfO{sf ;Gtfgx¿
o; k[YjLdf zlQmzfnL x'g5 ] g\.Æ pgLx¿n] k/d]Zj/sf] /fHosf] nflu
s]xL ug]{5g. pgLx¿sf ;do o; k[YjLdf v]/ hfg]5}g\. pgLx¿n]
k/d]Zj/sf] nflu k|efj kfg]5 { g\.
æt] / f ;a} 5f] / fx¿ k/dk| e ' å f/f l;sfOg] 5 g\ , clg t] / f
5f]/f5f]/Lx¿sf] zflGt k|z:t x'g]5 -oz}of %$M!#_.Æ
dfly lbOPsf] kb tkfO{sf] cfzfsf] lglDt cfwf/ ePsf] xf];.\ cfzf ul/
/xg'xf];.\ cfh tkfO{n] eg]sf] s'/fx¿df tkfO{sf ;Gtfgx¿n] alx/f]
sfg kmsf{O /x]sf xf]nfg, t/ tkfO{n] ce}m k/d]Zj/sf] jrgdf
lg/fzfdf klg cfzf ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5.
r+ËfO{sf] lglDt cfzf
tkfO{dWo] slt /f]u jf ljdf/Ln] u|l;t x'g'ePsf] xf]nf / tkfO{sf
8fS6/x¿n] ca s'g} cfzf 5}g eg]/ eg]sf xf]nfg\. t/ k/d]Zj/sf]
jrgn] o;/L eg]sf] 5M
æh;n] t] / f ;a} kfkx¿ Ifdf ug' { x ' G 5, / t] / f ;a} /f] u x¿ lgsf]
kfg'{x'G5 -ehg !)#M#_.Æ
of] g}tkfO{;uF ePsf] cfzf xf]. tkfO{sf] cfzfnfO{ hLljt /fVg'xf];.\
afOann] eg]h:t} tkfO{n] cfk}mnfO{ r+ËfO{ kfPsf] sNkgf ug'x{ f];.\
æcfˆg} b[ l i6df a' l 4dfg\ g ag\ , k/d] Z j/sf] eo dfg\ / b' i sd{ n fO{
Tofu\ . o;n] t] / f] z/L/nfO{ :j:Yo t' N ofpg] 5 / t] / f xLsf] nflu
kf]if0f lbg]5 -lxtf]kb]z #M&,*_.Æ
k/d]Zj/k|ltsf] tkfO{sf] elQmo'Qm eon] tkfO{sf] z/L/df r+ËfO{
NofpF5.

k/d]Zj/ / pxfFsf] jrgsf] sf/0fn] cfzfljlxg cj:yfdf

klg tkfO{n] cfzf /fVg ;Sg'xG' 5 .
15
 cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltsf] dfemdf d}+n] s] ug{;S5'<

^
cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltsf]
dfemdf d}+n] s] ug{ ;S5'<

æh;/L n]lvPsf] 5M …d}+n] tFnfO{ w]/} hfltx¿sf lktf t'NofPsf]

5' . Ú h' g k/d] Z j/sf] pkl:yltdf pgn] ljZjf; u/] , h;n] d/]
sfx¿nfO{ hLjg lbg'x'G5 / cl:tTjdf gePsf s'/fnfO{ cl:tTjdf
Nofpg'x'G5. h;n] …t]/f] ;Gtfg o:t} x'g]5Ú egL eg]sf x'gfn] w]/}
hfltx¿sf lktf x' g nfO{ lg/fzfdf klg cfzf /fv] / ljZjf; u/] .
k| f oM ;o jif{ k' l u;s] s f ca| f xfd d/] t ' N o eO;s] s f] cfˆgf] z/L/
tyf ;f/fsf] sf]v afFemL ePsf] a'em] / klg ljZjf;df sdhf]/ ePgg\.
k/d]Zj/sf] k|lt1faf/
t1faf/]] s'g} klg zÍfn] ca|fxfdnfO{ 8udufpg ;s]g,
a? cfˆgf] blx| n f] ljZjf;åf/f pgn] k/d] Z j/nfO{ dlxdf lbP.
k|lt1f ug'{ePsf s'/f k/d]Zj/n] ug{ klg ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] ca|fxfdnfO{
k"/f lgZro lyof] -/f]dL $M!&–@!_.Æ
cfzfljlxg cj:yfsf] dWo:ydf ePsf] a] n f k/d] Z j/n]
kl/l:yltnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sgsf] nflu xfdLn] s] u5f}<{ ca|fxfdsf]
hLjgaf6 xfdLn] s:tf] kf7 l;Sg ;S5f}<+ k/d]Zj/n] pgsf] hLjgsf]
cfzfljlxg cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{sf] nflu pgn] s] u/]< afOann]
atfpF5 ls lg/fzfsf] ;dodf klg ca|fxfdn] ljZjf; u/] tfls pgnfO{
h] k|lt1f ul/Psf] lyof] Tof] k"/f ePsf] x'g ;sf];\ -/f]dL $M!*_.
k/d]Zj/n] h] k|lt1f ug'e{ Psf] 5 Tof] k"/f eP/ cfpF5 eg]/ s] tkfO{n]
ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5< pbfx/0fsf] nflu k/d]Zj/sf] jrgn] o;/L
eg]sf] 5M æltdLx¿n] h] klg ub{5f}+ Tof] pgGtzLn x'g5 ] Æ clg tkfO{n]
Tof] ljZjf; ug'k{ b{5. s] tkfO{n] Tof] ljZjf; ug'x{ G' 5<
k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{sf] af/]df h] af]Ng'ePsf] 5 To;}cg';f/ tkfO{
x' g ' x ' g ] 5 eGg] cfzfdf ljZjf; /fVg' x f] ; \ .
16
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

k/d]Zj/ / pxfFsf] jrg Ps} 5g\. pxfFsf] jrgdf ljZjf; /fVg' eg]sf]
pxfFdf ljZjf; /fVg' xf]. tkfO{n] ;a} lsl;dsf lg/fzfdf klg ljZjf;
ug{ ;Sg'kb{5. To;}sf/0fn] k/d]Zj/n] h] s'/f k|lt1f ug'e
{ Psf] 5 tkfO{
Tof] eP/ lgSng'xg' 5
] eg]/ lg/fzfsf] ;dodf klg ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg'kb{5.
cfzf gTofUg'xf];.\
tkfO{sf] ljZjf;nfO{ cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltn] :tAw kfg{ glbg'xf];\
æk|foM ;o aif{ k'lu;s]sf ca|fxfd d/]tN' o eO;s]sf] cfˆgf] z/L/ tyf
;f/fsf] sf]v afFemf] ePsf] a'em] / klg ljZjf;df sdhf]/ ePgg\Æ -/f]dL
$M!(_. pgsf] z/L/sf] cj:yf / jl/kl/sf] kl/l:ytsf] sf/0fn] pgsf]
ljZjf;nfO{ sdhf]/ kfg]{ cg'dlt pgn] lbPgg\. tkfO{sf] jl/kl/ ePsf]
cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltn] tkfO{sf] ljZjf;nfO{ sdhf]/ gkf/f];.\ jl/kl/
x]b{} æof] d/dt ug{ ;lsFbg} Æ eg]/ slxNo} geGg'xf];.\
t/}klg, oxfF tkfO{nfO{ jl/kl/sf] kl/l:yltnfO{ OGsf/ ug'k{ b{5
eg]/ eGg vf]lhPsf] klg xf]Og. s]jn tkfO{sf] jl/kl/sf] kl/l:yltsf]
oyf{ytfn] tkfO{sf] ljZjf;nfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{ glbg'xf];\ elgPsf] dfq
xf]. o;sf] ;§fdf tkfO{n] k|lt1f ul/Psf] JolQm eP/ lgSn]sf] tl:jnfO{
sNkgfsf] tl:j/ sf]g{] 6f6df sf]gx{' f];.\ pbfx/0fsf] nflu tkfO{n] cfk}mnfO{
k"0f{ ?kdf r+ËfO{ ePsf], hLjgdf ;kmntf kfPsf], j}jflxs hLjgdf
r+ËfO{ / k'g{ldnfk ePsf], tkfO{sf cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿n] k/d]Zj/sf]
dfu{df lxF8b\ } pxfFsf ;]jf u/]sf] cflb b]Vg'xf];.\ k/d]Zj/sf] jrgsf]
cfwf/df o:tf tl:j/ sf]gx{' f];\ / ltgdf k|foM x]gu{] g'x{ f];.\
Ps ;fFem, k/d]Zj/n] ca|fxfdnfO{ pgsf] tDa"af6 aflx/ lgsfNg'
eO{ cfsfzdf ePsf tf/fx¿nfO{ x]g{ nufpg'eof]. clg pxfFn] ltgnfO{
eGg'eof], æTo;/L g}ltd|f ;Gtfgx¿ klg x'g5 ] g\Æ -pTklQ !%M%_. To;kl5
ca|fxfdn] k/d]Zj/n] ug'e { Psf] k|lt1fsf] tl:j/nfO{ pgsf] ljrf/df
/fv]sf lyP. clg pgn] cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿nfO{ cfsfzsf tf/fx¿ h:t}
c;+VvLo b]Vg ;Ifd ePsf lyP. ca|fxfdn] x/]s k6s cfˆgf] z/L/sf]
d/]t'No cj:yf tyf pgsf] kTgLsf] afFemf] sf]vnfO{ x]b{y], pgn]
17
 cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltsf] dfemdf d}+n] s] ug{;S5'<

k/d]Zj/sf] k|lt1f cfsfzsf tf/fx¿ / ;d'Gb|sf afn'jfx¿ hlts}

;Gtfgx¿ lbg]5' eGg] s'/fåf/f cfk}mnfO{ :d/0f u/fpFy.]
w]/} k6s d}n+ ] cfk}mnfO{ xhf/f}+ dflg;x¿sf aLrdf k/d]Zj/sf]
jrgsf] ;]jsfO u/]sf] tl:j/ b]V5'. d}n + ] xfd|f] :yfgLo d08nLnfO{ xfd|f]
zx/sf] kfFrcf]6f ljleGg :yfgx¿df x/]s :yfgdf ePsf] e'm08df
xhf/f}s
+ f ;+Vof ePsf] tl:j/ b]V5'. To;}sf/0fn] cfO{taf/sf] lbgdf d]/f]
d08nLdf ePsf l/Qf] d]rx¿n] d]/f] ljZjf;nfO{ sdhf]/ t'NofpFbg}
lsgls d]/f] ljj]sdf clGtd uGtJosf] tl:j/ /x]sf] 5. tkfO{sf] jU{dfg
cj:yf h:tf];s ' } eP tfklg, tkfO{sf] clGtd uGtJosf] tl:j/nfO{
dgdf lnFb} lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfzf ug'x{ f];.\
;ª\sNk / ;xgzLntf k|b{zg ug'{xf];\
ca|fxfdsf] hLjgaf6 xfdLn] lg/LIf0f ug]{ csf]{ s'/f eg]sf] pgL
æcljZjf;df 8udufPgg\Æ -/f]dL $M@)_ eGg' xf]. pgL k/d]Zj/sf]
k|lt1fdf 7f]lsPgg\. pgn] ;ª\sNk / w}ot{ fnfO{ k|:t't u/]. cfzfsf]
;fydf csf]{ cltg} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f eg]sf] ;ª\sNk / w}ot{ f xf]. /f]dL
*M@%df o;/L elgPsf] 5M æt/ olb xfdLn] gb]vs ] f s'/fsf] cfzf u5f}{
eg] t b[9tfk"js { To;}sf] af6f] x]b5
{ f}.Æ xfdLdWo] w]/n
} ] y'k}| s'/fsf] cfzf
ug]{ eP tfklg, xfdLn] tL t'?Gt} k"/f ePsf] rfxgf ub{5f}.+ t/ zf:qn]
xfdLnfO{ xfdLn] g]bl] vPsf] s'/fnfO{ w}ot{ f;fydf k|ltIff ug]{ ;Nnfx
lbPsf] 5. To;}n] ;lhn};uF x/]; vfP/ TofuL gxfNg'xf];.\ w}ot{ f;fy
k|ltIff ug'{ xf];.\ k|l] /t kfjnn] o;/L eG5g\M
æxfd|f k/d]Zj/ / lktfsf] ;fd'Gg] xfd|f k|e' o]z" v|Li6sf] ljifodf
ltdLx¿sf] ljZjf;sf] sfd, k| ] d sf] kl/>d / cfzfsf] w} o { l g/Gt/
;Dem -! y]:;fnf]lgsL !M#_.Æ
cfzf w}o{ x'G5 Û k/d]Zj/sf] jrgdf cfwfl/t pQd cfzf w}o{
x'G5.

18
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

ær'krfk k/dk|e'sf] p4f/sf] k|tLIff ug'{c;n s'/f] xf] -ljnfk #M@^_.Æ

ha tkfO{;uF ;fFrf] cfzf x'G5, ta ToxfF zflGt, l:y/tf / w}ot{ f
x'G5. h] x'g cfpFb5 } ;f] tkfO{n] yfxf kfpg'xG' 5 / tkfO{ ljrlnt,
c:tJo:t, pQ]lht x'gx' g' ] 5}g / tkfO{n] rfxg'ePsf] s'/fnfO{ k|fKt
ug{sf] nflu ;a}nfO{ kG5fpg] h:tf s'/f ug'x{ g' ] 5}g. o;sf] ;§fdf
tkfO{ zfGt x'gx' g' 5
] lsgls tkfO{n] ljZjf; u/]sf] s'/f k"/f x'g5 ] eg]/
tkfO{nfO{ yfxf 5. clg tkfO{ ;ª\slNkt x'bF w} o} t{ f;fy k|ltIff ug'x{ g' 5] .
k/d]Zj/sf] jrgdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf cf1fsf/L eP/ ;ª\sNknfO{ k|bz { g
ul/G5. ;lhnf] dfu{nfO{ lng] r]i6f gug'x{ f];.\ o;n] ;d:ofnfO{ emg
hl6n dfq kfb{5.
tkfO{sf] cfgGbnfO{ l:y/ /fVg'xf];\/ k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|z+;f
ug'{xf];\
ca|fxfdn] k/d]Zj/nfO{ dlxdf lbP -/f]dL $M@)_. ha tkfO{;uF cfzf
x'G5, tkfO{;uF cfgGb klg x'G5. k/d]Zj/sf] jrgdf elgPsf] s'/fdf
tkfO{sf] cfzf ePsf] sf/0fn], tkfO{n] cfgGb dgfpg ;Sg'x'G5.
kl/l:yltsf] sf/0fn] klg cfgGb x'g] ;dox¿ x'G5g\. t/ cfzfsf]
sf/0fn] klg cfgGb kfpg] ;dox¿ klg /x]sf x'G5g\. ;–;fgf aRrfx¿
cfˆgf hGd–lbg cfpFbf sltsf] pT;'s x'G5g\, tkfO{x¿ cleefjs
x'g' x' G' 5 eg] tkfO{x¿nfO{ lgZrog} yfxf xf]nf. ha ?y xfd|f] 5f]/Ln]
ev{/} pgsf] hGdlbg dgfOg, ta pgn] cl3Nnf] xKtfb]lvg} o;sf]
k|ltIff ub}{ a;]sL lyOg\. pgL æcfzfdf cfglGbtÆ ePsL lyOg\. pgL
;fFlRrs} w]/} pT;'stfk"0f{ lyOg/ pgsf] hGd–lbgsf] cl3Nnf] /ftdf
pgn] dnfO{ o;/L, æafaf ha d ef]ln p7\5,' tkfO{n] dnfO{ z'e k|eft
hGdlbg ePsf] s]6LÆ eg]/ eGg' elgg\. ef]lnkN6 hGd–lbg dgfpg]
oyf{ytfn] cfhg} pgdf cfgGb 5fPsf] lyof]. ce}m;Dd pgsf] hGd–
lbg e}O;s]sf] lyPg\, t/ pgsf] cfzfn] pgnfO{ cfgGb lbnfPsf] lyof].
O;fO{ ePsf] x'gfn] xfdL cfzfdf cfglGbt x'G5f}.+ k/d]Zj/n] g} ;a}

19
 cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltsf] dfemdf d}+n] s] ug{;S5'<

s'/fx¿nfO{ kl/jt{g ul/lbg'x'g] / xfd|f cj:yfx¿nfO{ kl/jt{g

ul/lbg'xg' 5
] eGg] s'/fdf xfdL cfglGbt x'g5
] f}.+ xfdL cfzfdf cfglGbt
x'g]5f}+.
æca cfzfsf k/d]Zj/n] ltdLx¿nfO{ ljZjf;df cfgGb / zflGtn]
el/b] p mg\ , o;} n ] ls kljq cfTdfsf] zlQmåf/f ltdLx¿ cfzfdf
k|z:t x'Fb} hfg ;s -/f]dL !%M!#_.Æ
æcfzfdf cfgGb u/, ;Íi6df b[ 9 a;. k| f y{ g fdf lg/Gt/ nflu/xf]
-/f]dL !@M!@_.Æ
xfdL cfzfdf el/k"/L x'g;S5f}+ / cfzfsf] k/d]Zj/n] xfdLdf cfgGb /
zflGtn] eg'x{ G' 5. ha xfdL ljZjf; u5f},{ ta xfd|f] hLjgdf cfgGb /
zflGt x'G5. slxn]sxLF ha k|ltIff clt nfdf] x'G5, dflg;x¿n] ph'/
L ug{ / aa{/fpg yfNb5g. To;a]nf pgLx¿n] s] ug'{ cfjZostf kb{5
eg], cfzfsf] tl:j/nfO{ l:y/ /fVg'kb{5. jt{dfg kl/l:yltsf] sf/0fn]
a]rg} L x'gs
' f] ;§fdf cfzfsf] tl:j/nfO{ sfod /fVg ;Sg'kb{5.
æx] d]/f] k|f0f, tF lsg pbf; x'G5;\< / d]/f] cGt:s/0fdf tF lsg olt
Jofs'n x'G5;\< k/d]Zj/df cfzf /fv\, lsgls d ce}m klg pxfFsf]
k|z+;f ug]{5'. pxfF d]/f] p4f/s / d]/f] k/d]Zj/ x'g'x'G5 -ehg $@M%_.Æ
æt/ drflxF lg/Gt/ cfzf ul//xg]5'Ù cem w]/} tkfO{sf] k|z+;f ug]{5'
-ehg &!M!$_.Æ
ha s;};uF cfzf x'G5, ta p;n] cfgGb ug{;S5 / k/d]Zj/sf]
k|z; + f ug{;S5. zfob tkfO{n] clxn] of] kl9/xg'ePsf] 5 / tkfO
;
{ fFlRrs} cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltdf kl//xg'ePsf] xf]nf clg o;/L elg/
xg'ePsf] xf]nfM æs;/L d v'zL x'g;S5'<Æ afOann] atfpF5, æcfzfdf
cfglGbt xf]cf] ÛÆ s;/L xfdL k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|z; + f ug{;S5f}+ < xfdL;Fu
ePsf] cfzfsf] sf/0fn] xfdLn] k/d]Zj/sf] k|z; + f ug{ ;S5f}.+ cfh ;a}
s'/fx¿ v/fa b]lvPnfg\. cfh kl/l:yltx¿ sl7g xf]nfg\. t/klg tkfO{n]
k/d]Zj/sf] k|z;+ f ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 lsgls oL s'/fx¿ ;bf;Dd /xg]5g} g\.
afOansf] k/d]Zj/ dfq ;fFrf] k/d]Zj/ x'g'x'G5 h;n] cfzfljlxg
20
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û
kl/l:yltnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5. clg pxfFn] tkfO{sf] nflu Tof]
ug'x{ g' 5
] . tkfO{sf] cfzfnfO{ hLljt /fVg'xf];.\ cfzfdf ljZjf; /fVg'xf];.\
xfdLn] ufpFg] u/]sf] Pp6f uLt /x]sf] 5. of] uLtsf] zAbx¿ ;f¥x} g}
pT;fjb{s 5g\M
k/d] Z j/sf] k| z + ; f
ha z}tfgsf] k|bz{gL of]hgfåf/f
tkfO{sf ;a} ;kgfx? 6'lqmPsf] / cfzfx?
lgb{oL;fy s'lNrPsf] b]Vg'xG' 5
clg cfk}mleq ;+;f/sf] 8/df ;dlk{t x'g]
cg'/f]wnfO{ dxz'z ug'x{ G' 5,
ta tkfO{ ;ª\3if{sf] nflu v8f x'gx' f];\ /
tkfO{ cfk}m cl8t ljZjf;nfO{ x/fP/ hfg glbg'xf];\
-sf]/;_
k/d]Zj/sf] k|z; + f xf];\
lsgls pxfFsf k|z; + fsåf/f g} pxfFn] sfd ug'x{ G' 5
k/d]Zj/sf] k|z; + f xf];\ lsgls
pxfFdf k|z;+ f5
ha tkfO{n] k|z; + f ug'x{ G' 5,
tkfO{nfO{ afFlwPsf ;fª\nfx?
zlQmljlxg eP/ k'msflng]5g\
xfdL /fhfsf ;Gtfg eP tfklg
p;n] xfdL sËfn ePsf]
;f]Rg nufpF5
lsgls z}tfg e"m6f 5
To;}sf/0fn] ljZjf;sf] zlQmzfnL
9fn p7fpg'xf];\
lsgls xfdL hfGb5f}M+ o'4 lhltPsf] 5Ù
v|Li6 af}l/p7\ge
' Psf] 5
clg sfd cl3af6} k"/f ePsf] 5
© Imperial's album HEED THE CALL released on Dayspring (Word) 1979
Words and Music by Brown Bannister and Mike Hudson
21
 '

cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltsf] dfemdf d}+n] s] ug{;S5'<

x'g;Snf tkfO{n] of] k':ts k9\b} x'gx' G' 5 / o;/L eGg'xbF' 5

} , æd Psbd}
cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltdf 5'.Æ Tof] tkfO{sf] ljjfx, 3/, ;Gtfg, cfly{s
cj:yf, sfd, k]zf jf Joj;fo x'g;Snf— Tof] hLjgsf] s'g} klg
s'/f x'g;Snf. xfdL ;a}n] o:tf] lsl;dsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ ;fdgf ub{5f}.+
d tkfO{nfO{ pT;fx lbg rfxfG5'— cfzf gu'dfpg'xf];.\ tkfO{n] cfzf
gu'dfpg'xf];\ eGg] s'/f dxTjk"0f{5. ha tkfO{n] cfzf x/fpg'x'G5,
tkfO{sf] leqL dfG5] sdhf]/ x'G5. ha tkfO{n] cfzf x/fpg'xG' 5, ta
tkfO{ nË/ljgfsf] hxfh h:t} x'gx' g' 5 ] To;kl5 tkfO{8A' g yfNg'xg' 5
] .
ha tkfO{n] cfzf u'dfpg'xG' 5, ta ljZjf;sf] cEof; ug{sl7g x'G5
lsgls cfzfljgf tkfO{;uF ljZjf; x'g ;Sb}g.\
k/d]Zj/ / pxfFsf] jrgdf cfzf /fVg'xf];.\ tkfO{sf] hLjgdf
k/d]Zj/n] af]Ng'ePsf] s'/fnfO{ k'g{M:d/0f ug'{xf];\. tkfO{sf] 3/ /
ljjfx;DaGwL k/d]Zj/sf] k|lt1f s] /x]sf] 5< tkfO{n] kfpg'ePsf]
k|lt1fnfO{ klqm/fVg'xf];\. pxfFsf] jrg tkfO{sf] cfzfsf] sf/0f x'g
;sf];. tkfO{sf] k/d]Zj/n] eGg'ePsf] sf/0fn] tkfO{sf] kl/l:ylt
kl/jt{g x'g5] eg]/ ce}m tkfO{n] cfzf /fVg ;Sg'xG' 5. k/d]Zj/sf]
k|lt1f ha k"/f x'g5] ta s:tf] x'g5 ] xf]nf< sNkgf ug'x{ f];.\ o;n]
tkfO{nfO{ tkfO{sf] cfzfnfO{ hLljt /fVgdf dbt ug]5 { .
æxfdLleq sfd ug] { pxfF s f] zlQmcg' ; f/ xfdLn] dfu] s f jf
lrtfPsfeGbf k|z:t dfqfdf ug{ pxfF ;Ifd x'g'x'G5 -Plkm;L #M@)_.Æ

Ø k/d]Zj/n] h] af]Ng'eof] To;}cg';f/ tkfO{ x'gx' g' 5

] eg]/
cfzfdf ljZjf; /fVg'xf];.\
Ø cfzfljlxg kl/l:yltn] tkfO{sf] ljZjf;nfO{ :tAw gkf/f];.\
Ø ;+ªs
\ Nk / w}ot{ fnfO{ k|bz{g ug'x{ f];.\
Ø tkfO{sf] cfgGbnfO{ sfod /fVg'xf];/\ k/d]Zj/sf] k|z;
+ f
ug'{xf];\.

22
cn lkkN;\ d08nLaf6 k|sflzt k':ts
cfzf gu'dfpg'xf];\

23
 cn lkkN; d08nLaf/]
cn lkkN;\ d08nLdf, xfd|f] bz{g eg]sf] a]u+ nf]/ zx/df g"g /
Hof]lt aGg' xf] eg], ef/t / ;+;fel/s} /fi6«x¿sf lglDt
cfjfh aGg' xf].
of] k':ts xfd|f]tk{maf6 tkfO{x¿sf nflu l;Q}df
k|bfg ul/Psf] 5.
o;nfO{ k9]/ tkfO{x¿ cflzlift x'geof] xf]nf eg]/
xfdL ljZjf; ub{5f}.+
tkfO{ h:t} c? xhf/f}+ dflg;x¿nfO{ of] k':ts l;Q}df ljt/0f ul/G5.
k/d]Zj/sf] jrgnfO{ w]/} dflg;x¿;dIf k'¥ofpg ;lsof];\ eg]/
tkfO{n] xfdL;Fu cfly{s ?kdf ;fe]mbf/L aGg'xf];\ eGg] xfdL rfxfG5f}.+
tkfO{sf] lg/Gt/ cfly{s ;xof]un] k/d]Zj/sf] jrg cGo dflg;x¿sxfF
klg k'¥ofpFg ;xfotf ug]5
{ . h;/L k/d]Zj/n] 8f]¥ofpg'xG' 5, cn lkkN;
d08nL;Fu ;fe]mbf/L aGg'xf];.\ tkfO{n] cn lkkN; d08nL a]u+ nf]/df
r]s÷l8df08 8«fˆ6÷dgL c8{/ k7fP/ of]ubfg lbg ;Sg'xG' 5.
ha tkfO{n] n]Vg'xG' 5, s[kof cGo k|sfzgx¿sf nflu klg cg'/f]w ul/
k7fpg'xf]nf. ;fy} of] k':tsn] s;/L tkfO{nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofof], Tof] klg
xfdLnfO{ atfpg'xf]nf. clg k|fy{gfsf cg'/f]wx¿ / 6Lsf–l6Kk0fLx¿ klg
k7fpg'xf]nf. tkfO{n] xfdLnfO{ lgDglnlvt 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ /fVg
;Sg'xg' 5
] M
All PPeoples
eoples Chur ch & W
Church orld Outr
World each
Outreach
2nd Floor, No. 7M, 2nd Block,
HRBR Layout, Kalyan Nagar, Bangalore 560 043
Karnataka, INDIA

Phone: +91-80-65970617
Email: contact@apcwo.org
Website: www.apcwo.org

24
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

s] tkfO{nfO{ k|d] ug]{ k/d]Zj/nfO{ tkfO{n] lrGg'ePsf] 5<

sl/a @))) jif{ cl3 k/d]Zj/ o; ;+;f/df dfG5]h:t} eP/ cfpg'eof].
pxfFsf] gfpF o]z" xf]. pxfFn] l;4 ?kdf kfk /lxt hLjg latfpFge ' of].
o]z" z/L/df b]lvg'ePsf] k/d]Zj/ x'ge ' Psf] x'gfn], pxfFn] eGg'ePsf]
/ ug'e { Psf] ;a} s'/fx¿n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ xfd|f] ;dIf k|s6 ug'e { of].
pxfFn] af]Ng'ePsf] jrg g} k/d]Zj/sf] jrg lyof]. pxfFn] ug'e { Psf
sfo{x¿ g} k/d]Zj/sf sfo{x¿ lyP. o]z"n] k[YjLdf y'k|} cRrdsf
sfdx¿ klg ug'e { of]. pxfFn] /f]uL / ;tfOPsfx¿nfO{ r+ËfO{ ug'e { of].
pxfFn] cGwf]x¿sf cfFvf vf]lnlbg'eof], alx/f sfgx¿nfO{ vf]lnlbg'eof],
nË8fx¿ lxF8\g ;Sg] agfpg'eof] / y'k|} lsl;dsf /f]ux¿ tyf
ljdf/Lx¿nfO{ r+ËfO{ ug'{eof]. pxfFn] s]xL /f]6Lx¿nfO{ cnf}lss
lqmofåf/f w]/} agfpFb} ef]sfx¿nfO{ lbg'eof] eg], cfFlwa]x/LnfO{ zfGt
kfb}{ y'k}| c? c;n s'/fx¿ klg ug'e { of].
oL ;a} s'/fx¿n] k/d]Zj/ c;n x'g'x'G5 / pxfFn] cfˆgf hgx¿
/fd|f], c;n, :j:Yo / v'zL /x]sf] rfxfg'x'G5 eg]/ xfdL ;dIf k|sfz
kfb{5. k/d]Zj/n] dflg;x¿sf cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{ rfxfg'x'G5.
To;f]eP lsg k/d]Zj/n] dflg; eP/ xfd|f] ;+;f/df k|jz
] ug]{ lg0f{o
lng'eof] t< o]z" lsg cfpg'eof]<
xfdL ;a}n] kfk u/]sf 5f}+ / xfdLnfO{ ;[li6 ug'x{ g' ] k/d]Zj/sf clu tL
s'/fx¿ :jLsf/of]Uo 5}gg\. kfksf] kl/0ffdx¿ /x]sf 5g\. kfk eg]sf]
k/d]Zj/ / xfdLaLr ePsf] 7"nf] kf/ ug{ g;Sg] kvf{n xf]. kfkn]
xfdLnfO{ k/d]Zj/af6 cnu ub{5. o;n] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] ;[li6stf{;uF
cy{k"0f{ ;DaGw /fVg / pxfFnfO{ hfGg] s'/faf6 al~rt u/fpF5.
To;}sf/0fn] w]/n
} ] of] l/QmtfnfO{ cGo s'/fx¿n] eg]{ r]i6f ub{5.
xfd|f] kfksf] csf]{ kl/0ffd egsf] k/d]Zj/af6 cgGtsf] nflu cnu
x'g'xf]. k/d]Zj/sf] Gofonodf, kfksf] Hofnf d[To' xf]. d[To' eg]sf]
k/d]Zj/af6 cgGtsf] nflu cnu x'g] g/sdf hfg' xf].
25
t/ c;n va/ of] ls xfdL kfksf] aGwgaf6 :jtGq x'bF } k/d]Zj/;Fu
k'gl{ dngdf cfpg ;S5f}.+ afOann] o;/L atfpF5, ælsgls kfksf]
Hofnf d[To' xf] t/ k/d]Zj/sf] l;Q}+sf] j/bfg v|Li6 o]z", xfd|f
k|e'df cgGt hLjg xf xf] -/f]dL ^M@#_.Æ ha o]z" v|Li6df dg'{eof],
pxfFn] ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/sf] kfksf] Hofnf ltl/lbg'eof]. To;kl5 tLglbg kl5
pxfF k]ml/ hLljt x'ge' of], w]/n
} fO{ cfk"m hLljt ePsf] b]vfpg'eof] clg
:ju{df hfg'eof].
k/d]Zj/ k|d ] / bofsf] k/d]Zj/ x'gx' G' 5. pxfFn] sf]xL klg g/s uPsf]
rfxfg'x'Gg\. clg o;/L pxfF ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltnfO{ kfksf] aGwg /
o;sf] kl/0ffdaf6 5'6sf/f lbg] dfu{ k|bfg ug{ cfpg'eof]. pxfF
kfkLx¿nfO{ arfpg cfpg'eof]. tkfO{ / d h:tf dflg;x¿nfO{ kfk /
cgGtsf] d[To'af6 arfpg cfpg'eof].
oL kfkx¿af6 l;Q}d + f Ifdf kfpgsf] nflu, xfdLn] Pp6} dfq s'/f
ug'k{ b{5 eg]/ afOann] atfpF5 clg Tof] M o]z" v|Li6n] s|;
" df ug'e
{ Psf]
sfdnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ x[bon] pxfFdfly ljZjf; ug'x{ f].
æpxfF d f ljZjf; ug] { x/] s dflg;n] cfˆgf] kfkaf6 pxfF s }
gfpFåf/f Ifdfbfg kfpFb5 -k|]l/t !)M$#_.Æ
ælsgls olb ltdLn] o] z " n fO{ k| e ' xf] egL cfˆgf] d' v n] :jLsf/
u¥of} + / k/d] Z j/n] pxfF n fO{ d/] s fx¿af6 hLljt kfg' { e of] egL
cfˆgf] Åbodf ljZjf; u¥of} + eg] ltdLn] d' l Qm kfpg] 5 ff} + -/f] d L
!)M(_.Æ
olb tkfO{n] k|e' o]z" v|Li6nfO{ ljZjf; ug'{eof] eg], tkfO{n] klg
tkfO{sf kfkx¿af6 Ifdfbfg kfpFgx' G' 5 / tkfO{ z'4 x'g ;Sg'xG' 5.
lgDglnlvt k|fy{gf o]z" v|Li6n] tkfO{sf] nflu s|;
" df ug'e
{ Psf] sfo{dfly
ljZjf; /fVg lg0f{o lngnfO{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] ;/n k|fy{gf xf]. of]
k|fy{gfn] tkfO{sf] lglDt v|Li6n] ug'{ePsf] s'/fnfO{ tkfO{n] :jLsf/
26
cfzf gx/fpg'xf];\Û

ug'e{ Psf] s'/f k|s6 ug{ ;xfotf ub{5 / tkfO{n] cfˆgf kfkx¿af6
Ifdfbfg kfpg'ePsf] tyf z'4 x'ge ' Psf] lgZrotf klg lbnfpF5. of]
k|fy{gf s]jn tkfO{sf] lglDt lgb]z
{ g dfq x'g.\ tkfO{sf] cfˆg} zAbx¿df
klg tkfO{n] k|fy{gf ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5.
Kof/f] k|e' o]z" cfh d}n + ] tkfO{n] d]/f] lglDt s|;" df ug'e
{ Psf] s'/fnfO{
a'em] sf] 5'. tkfO{ d]/f] nflu dg'e { of]M tkfO{n] tkfO{sf] ax'dN" o /ut
d]/f] kfk / To;sf] kl/0ffdsf] nflu aufpg'eof] / o;/L d}n + ] Ifdf
kfpg ;s]sf] 5'. afOann] dnfO{ of] atfpF5 ls hf] s;}n] tkfO{dfly
ljZjf; u5{g ltgLx¿n] pgLx¿sf kfkx¿af6 Ifdf kfpg]5g\.
cfh g} d tkfO{nfO{ ljZjf; ug]{ lg0f{o ub]5{ ' / tkfO{ d]/f] nflu s
\ ;
"| df
dg'e{ Psf] / k]ml/ d[To'af6 hLljt x'ge
' Psf] s'/fnfO{ d :jLsf/ ug]5 { .'
d}n
+ ] d]/f s'g} klg c;n sfdx¿åf/f cfk}mnfO{ arfpg ;lSbFg, gtf s'g}
klg dflg;n] g} dnfO{ arfpg ;Sb5g eGg] s'/f d}n + ] hfg]sf] 5'.
d]/f kfkx¿sf] IfdfbfgnfO{ d}n + ] sdfpg ;lSbFg.
cfh d d]/f] Åbodf ljZjf; ub}{ d'vn] eG5' ls tkfO{ d]/f] nflu
dg'e{ of], d]/f] kfkx¿sf b08nfO{ tkfO{n] ltl/lbg'eof], d[To'af6 k'gh
{ Lljt
x'ge
' of] / d]/f] ljZjf;åf/f d}n
+ ] Ifdfbfg / z'4 x'g ;Sg]5.'
wGojfb o]z." tkfO{nfO{ k|d] ug{, cem w]/} tkfO{af/] hfGg / ;w} tkfO{sf]
ljZjf;gLo eP/ /xg ;Sg] dnfO{ aGgdf ;xfotf ug'x{ f];.\ cfd]g.\

27
uksV

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