CSAT – UPSC 2022

Types of questions
 Numbers: Prime, Natural ; Square, Cube
 Basic division, multiplication: Tests of divisibility
 Geometry: Triangle, Square, Rectangle: Area, Perimeter, Volume
 Average
 Time distance
 Percentage
 Profit & Loss
 Sale & purchase
 Age based
 Time & work
 Blood Relations
 Direction sense : Pythagoras
 Boat and streams
 Trains
 Syllogism
 Venn Diagram
 Ratio and proportion
 Coding-Decoding
 Sequence series: Number/Letter/Image
 Data sufficiency
 Data interpretation
 Calendar
 Clock
Profit and Loss

 Cost Price (CP): Price at which object is purchased

 Selling Price (SP): Price at which object is sold

 Profit: SP-CP
 Loss: CP-SP

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
 %Profit = * 100
𝐶𝑃
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
 %Loss = ∗ 100
𝐶𝑃
 Article sold at X% Profit : Sale Price = 1.X * Cost Price
 eg. Article sold at 15% : Sale Price = 1.15 * Cost Price
 Article sold at X% Loss : Sale Price = (1-X) * Cost Price
 eg. Article sold at 15% Loss : Sale Price = 0.85 * Cost Price
 Q.1 If the cost price is 96% of the selling price, then what is the profit
percentage?

a) 4.00
b) 4.17
c) 4.78
d) 5.12
 CP = 96% of SP
 Let SP= 100
 Then CP= 96

 Profit= 4

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
 %profit = *100
𝐶𝑃
4
 =96 ∗ 100

 =4.17
 Q. 2. A person incurs 5% loss by selling a watch for Rs. 1140. At what price
should the watch be sold to earn 5% profit?

a) 1240
b) 1260
c) 1280
d) 1300
 SP= 1140
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝑃−𝑆𝑃
 %𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = *100 = *100
𝐶𝑃 𝐶𝑃
CP−1140
 5= *100
CP
1140
 0.05 =1- 𝐶𝑃
1140
 =1-0.05
CP
1140
 =0.95
CP
 CP = 1140/0.95 = 1200

 For 5% profit, SP= 1.05*1200= 1260

 Q.3 A vendor bought bananas at 6 for Rs. 10 and sold them at 4 for Rs. 6.
Find % gain or Loss.

a) 10% gain
b) 20% gain
c) 10% loss
d) 20% loss
 For easier calculation:
 Take LCM of 6 and 4, i.e. 12
 Now
 CP = 12 bananas at 20 Rs.
 SP= 12 bananas at 18 Rs.

 %Loss= (2/20)100 %= 10%

 Q. 4. The sale price of an article including the Sales Tax is Rs 616. The rate of
Sales Tax is 10%. If the shopkeeper has made a profit of 12%, then the cost
price of the article is

a) 500
b) 515
c) 550
d) 600
 Tax = 10%
 SP including tax= 616
 Let SP= X
 (1.1)X=616
 X=616/1.1
 X=560

𝑆𝑃−𝐶𝑃
 %Profit = *100
𝐶𝑃
560
 12/100= -1
𝐶𝑃

 1.12= 560/CP
 CP=560/1.12 = 500 Rs.
 Q. 5 A man gains 20% by selling an article for a certain price. If he sells it at
double the price, the percentage of profit will be

a) 40
b) 100
c) 120
d) 140
 Profit = 20%
 Let CP= 100 Rs and SP =120 Rs.
 Now, Double Price= 240
240−100
 Hence Profit= * 100= 140%
100
 Q. Abhishek bought a 1000 square feet of land at a price of certain rupees
per square feet. After 10 years, he sold that piece of land at a rate of Rs.
720 per square feet and he got a profit of 20%. What was the actual
amount that he spent to purchase the 1000 square feet of land?

a) Rs. 5,50,000
b) Rs. 7,50,000
c) Rs. 6,50,000
d) Rs. 6,00,000
 Let the Cost Price/Purchase Price = x

𝑆𝑃−𝐶𝑃
 Then %Profit = *100
𝐶𝑃
720−𝑥
20 = *100
𝑥

0.2x = 720 – x
1.2x = 720
x = 600

Total cost = 600*1000 = Rs.6,00,000

 Q.6. A person bought a car and sold it for 3,00,000. If he incurred a loss of
20%, then how much did he spend to buy the car?

a) 3,60,000
b) 3,65,000
c) 3,70,000
d) 3,75,000
 SP= 3,00,000
 Loss= 20%

𝐶𝑃−𝑆𝑃
 %Loss = *100
𝐶𝑃
20 3,00,000
 =1-
100 𝐶𝑃
3,00,000
 = 1- 0.2 = 0.8
𝐶𝑃
3,00,000
 CP= 0.8

 CP= 3,75,000
 Q. Rakesh had money to buy 8 mobile handsets of a specific company.
But the retailer offered very good discount on that particular handset.
Rakesh could buy 10 mobile handsets with the amount he had. What was
the discount the retailer offered?
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 30%
 Sale price of 10 handsets = Marked price of 8 handsets
 Sale price of 1 handset = Marked price of 8/10 handsets
 Discount % = (Marked price - Sales price)/(Marked price) × 100
 Discount % = (1 - 8/10) × 100
 Discount % = 20%

 ALTERNATIVELY

 Consider price of 8 mobiles to be 800 Rs. = 1 mobile for 100 Rs

 Now he is getting 10 mobiles for same price = 1 mobile for 80 Rs.

 Comparing both, discount is

100−80
 = 20%
100
 Q. As a result of price hike by 15% of a basic commodity, an individual is
able to purchase 10 kg less for Rs. 1000. What was the actual price per kg of
that basic commodity?

a) Rs. 18 per kg
b) Rs. 13 per kg
c) Rs. 19 per kg
d) Rs. 11 per kg
 Let x Rs./kg be the original price and y kg be the original purchase

 Then total Price = 1000 = x * y …………….(i)

 Now Price is hiked by 15% per kg and total purchased weight has been
decreased by 10 kg
 As total purchase price is same,
 Total price = 1000 = (1.15)x * (y-10) ……………….(ii)

 Equating (i) and (ii)

 x * y = (1.15)x * (y-10)
y = 1.15 ( y-10)
y = 1.15y – 11.5
11.5 = 1.15y- y
y = 11.5/0.15
 Put value of y in (i)

 1000 = x* y
 1000 = x* 11.5/0.15

 X= 0.15*1000/ 11.5
 = 150/11.5
 =13 kg
 Q. By selling 45 lemons for Rs. 40, a man loses 20%. How many lemons
should he sell for Rs. 24 to gain 20% in the transaction?

a) 16
b) 18
c) 20
d) 22
 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
 %Loss = ∗ 100
𝐶𝑃

 Let Cost Price = x

𝐶𝑃 −𝑆𝑃
 20 = ∗ 100
𝐶𝑃
𝑥 −40
 20 = ∗ 100
𝑥

𝑥 − 40
 0.2 = 𝑥

 0.2 x = x - 40
 0.8 x = 40
 x= 50
 CP of one lemon = 50/45
 For 20 % profit, one lemon should be sold at = 1.2 * 50/45 = 60/45

Total sale price 24 24∗45

 For 24 Rs,lemons sold = = = = 18
Price of one lemon 60 60
45
Direction Sense

 Pythagoras Theorem
 Q.1 P, Q and R are three towns. The distance between P and Q is 60 km,
whereas the distance between P and R is 80 km. Q is in the West of P and R
is in the South of P. What is the distance between Q and R?

a) 140 km
b) 130 km
c) 110 km
d) 100 km
 QR2 = PQ2 + PR2
 QR2 = (60)2 + (80)2
 QR2 = 3600 + 6400
 QR = 100 km
 Q.2 Ajay walks 24 km towards East and turns to right hand side and takes a
drive of another 10 km. He then turning to his right (drives towards West)
another 10 km. He then turns to his left & walks another 8 km. After that, he
turns to his right & travels 14 km. How far is he from his initial point & in which
direction?
A. 20 km East
B. 18 km south
C. 16 km West
D. 10 km South
 Q.3. A started from his house and walked 20 m towards East, where his
friend B joined him. They together walked 10 m in the same direction. Then
A turned left while B turned right and travelled 2 m and 8 m respectively.
Again B turned left to travel 4 m followed by 5 m to his right to reach his
office. A turned right and travelled 12 m to reach his office. What is
the shortest distance between the two offices?

a) 15 m
b) 17 m
c) 19 m
d) 20 m
 PR = 2 + 8 + 5 = 15
 PQ = 12 - 4 = 8
 QR2 = PR2 + PQ2
 QR2 = 225 + 64 = 289
 QR = 17
 Q.4. I drove 50 km towards east from a city ‘S’ and then turned right and
drove another 30 km. Now I turned to my left & drove another 30 km. Finally
I turned my right & drove 30 km to reach a city ‘F’. Find the shortest straight
distance between cities S and F
a) 125
b) 100
c) 150
d) 80
 80 2 + 60 2 = SF2
 6400+3600= 10000
 SF= 100
 Q.6 A man walks down the backside of his house straight 25 metres, then
turns to the right and walks 50 metres again; then he turns towards left and
again walks 25 metres. If his house faces to the East, what is his direction
from the starting point?

a) South-East
b) South-West
c) North-East
d) North-West
 Q. You start from your home in North direction and walk for 3 km. Then you
turn right and walk 4 km. Now you turn right and walk 5 km. Now turning
left, you walk 2 km. Again, you turn left and move 2 km. Finally turning left,
you again walk 2 km. In which direction and how far are you from your
starting position?

a) 1.5 km East
b) 4 km East
c) 1.5 km West
d) 4.5 km West
d) 4 km to the east
Trains

 Speed = Distance/Time

 The distance covered by train in passing a pole or a standing man or a

signal post or any other object (of negligible length) is equal to the length
of the train.

 If a train passes a stationary object (bridge, platform etc;) having some

length, then the distance covered by train is equal to the sum of the
lengths of train and that particular stationary object which it is passing
 If two trains are moving in opposite directions, then their relative speed is
equal to the sum of the speeds of both the trains
 Relative Speed of Trains moving in opposite direction = (u+v) m/s

 If two trains are moving in the same direction, then the relative speed is the
difference of speeds of both trains
 Relative Speed of Trains moving in same direction = (u-v) m/s
 Q. 1. In what time will a train 100 meter long cross an electric pole, if its
speed be 144 km/hour?

 Speed= 144 *5/18 = 40 m/sec

 Time = Distance/Speed
 =100/40
 =2.5 sec
 Q. A train running at the speed of 72 km/h goes past a pole in 15 s. What is
the length of the train?

a) 150m
b) 200m
c) 300m
d) 350m
 Speed = 72 km/h = 72*5/18 = 20 m/s

 Speed = Distance/time
Distance = Speed * time
= 20 * 15 = 300m
 Q. 150 m long train running with the speed of 90 km/h to cross a bridge in
26s. What is the length of the bridge?

a) 500m
b) 550m
c) 600m
d) 650m
 Distance = length of train+ length of platform = 150 + x
 Speed = 90km/hr = 90*5/18 = 25 m/s
 Time = 26s
 Speed = Distance/ time

 Distance = Speed * time

150 + x = 25 * 26
150 + x = 650
x = 500m
 Q. A 240 m long train crosses a platform of equal length in 27 s. What is the
speed of the train in km/h?

a) 48
b) 60
c) 54
d) 56
 Total distance = length of train + platform = 240+240 = 480

 Speed = distance/time
480
 = m/s
27
480 18
 = *
27 5
 = 64 km/h
 Q.2. A man is standing on a railway bridge which is 180 m long. He finds
that a train crosses the bridge in 20 seconds but himself in 8 seconds. Find
the length of the train and its speed?
 Let X be length of train

 Then Speed = Distance/Time = X/8

 Now, With Platform Speed = (X+180)/20

 As speed is same,
𝑋 𝑋+180
 =
8 20

 20X = 8X+ 1440

12X=1440
 X=120 m

 Speed= Distace/Time = 120/8 = 15m/sec

 Q.3. A man sitting in a train travelling at the rate of 50 km/hr observes that it
takes 9 sec for a goods train travelling in the opposite direction to pass him.
If the goods train is 280 m long, find its speed?

a) 58 kmph
b) 62 kmph
c) 66 kmph
d) 70 kmph
 280 280 18
 Relative Speed = m/sec = * = 112 kmph
9 9 5

 Also Relative Speed = v + u

 112 = 50+ u
 U= 112-50
 U = 62 kmph
 Q.4. A train 110 metres long is running with a speed of 60 km/hr. In what
time it pass a man who is running at 6 kmph in the direction opposite to
that in which the train is going?

a) 5 sec
b) 6 sec
c) 7 sec
d) 10 sec
 Relative Speed = 60+6 = 66 kmph

 Time = Distance/Speed
110
= 5
66∗( )
18
 = 6 sec
 Q. 5. Two trains 200m and 150m long are running on parallel rails at the rate
of 40kmph and 45kmph respectively. In how much time will they cross each
other, if they are running in the same direction?

a) 72 sec
b) 132 sec
c) 192 sec
d) 252 sec
 5
 Relative Speed = v-u = 45-40= 5 kmph = 5 * (18) = 25/18 m/sec

 Total Distance = 200+150 = 350m

25 18
 Time= Distance/Speed = 350 / (18) = 350 * (25) = 252 sec
 Q.6. Two goods train each 500 m long, are running in opposite direction on
parallel tracks. Their speeds are 45 km/hr and 30 km/hr respectively. Find
the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the faster one

a) 12 sec
b) 24 sec
c) 48 sec
d) 60 sec
 Relative speed = (45 + 30) km/hr
=(75×5/18)m/sec
=(125/6)m/sec.

We have to find the time taken by the slower train to pass the Driver of the
faster train and not the complete train.
So, distance covered = Length of the slower train.
Therefore, Distance covered = 500 m.

∴ Required time= (500×6/125)=24sec.

Venn Diagram
 Q. Which of the following Venn- diagram correctly illustrates the relation
ship among the classes : Tennis fans, Cricket players, Students
 Some Students can be Cricket players. Some Cricket players can be Tennis
fans. Some Students can be Tennis fans. So, the given items are partly
related to each other.
 Q. Which of the following Venn- diagram correctly illustrates the relation
ship among the classes : Carrot, Food, Vegetables
 Q. In a dinner party both fish and meat were served. Some took only fish
and some only meat. There were some vegetarians who did not accept
either. The rest accepted both fish and meat. Which of the following Venn-
diagrams correctly reflects this situation?
 Q. In a college, 200 students are randomly selected. 140 like tea, 120 like
coffee and 80 like both tea and coffee. How many students like neither tea
nor coffee?

a) 46
b) 44
c) 62
d) 48
 Number of students who like tea = 140
 Number of students who like coffee = 120
 Number of students who like both tea & coffee = 80
 Number of students who like only tea = 140-80 = 60
 Number of students who like only coffee = 120-80 = 40

 Those who like neither tea nor coffee = 200 – (60+80+40)

= 200 - 180
=20
 Q. In a group of persons travelling in a bus, 6 persons can speak Tamil, 15
can speak Hindi and 6 can speak Gujarati. In that group, none can speak
any other language. If 2 persons in the group can speak two languages
and one person can speak all the three languages, then how many
persons are there in the group ?

a) 21
b) 22
c) 23
d) 24
 6 people speak Tamil
 15 people speak Hindi
 6 people speak Gujrati
 2 people speak two languages
 1 people speak 3 languages

 People speaking only Tamil : 6 – 2 – 1 = 3

 People speaking only Hindi : 15 – 2 – 1 =12
 People speaking only Gujrati : 6 – 1 = 5

 People speaking only one languages = 3+12+5 = 20

 All people = 20+1+2 = 23
 Q.1 In a group of 15 people; 7 can read French, 8 can read English while 3
of them can read neither of these two languages. The number of people
who can read exactly one language is
a) 10
b) 9
c) 5
d) 4
 Total 15 people
 People who can read= 15-3=12

 Of 12; 7 read French, 8 read English

 So there are people who can read
both, Consider them X

 Now, the people who read are:

 OnlyFrench+OnlyEnglish+Both=12
 (7-X)+(8-X)+X= 12
 15-X=12
 X=3
 People who speak only one
language are:
 French: 7-3=4 & Eng: 8-3=5
 i.e. = 9
 Q.2. All members of a club went to Mumbai and stayed in a hotel. On the
first day, 80% went for shopping and 50% went for sightseeing, whereas 10%
took rest in the hotel. Which of the following conclusion(s) can be drawn
from the above data?
1. 40% members went for shopping as well as sightseeing.
2. 20% members went for only shopping.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
 People gone to both =X
 Only Shopping= 80-X
 Only Sightseeing= 50-X

 People Gone for shopping and

sightseeing = 100-10 =90
 OnlyShop+OnlySight+Both=90
 (80-X)+(50-X)+X=90
 130-X=90
 X=40
Hence
Both= 40%
Only Shopping= 80-X = 40%
Only Sightseeing= 50-X = 30%
 Q.3. In a school, 60% students play cricket. A student who does not play cricket,
plays football. Every football player has got a two-wheeler. Which of the
following conclusions cannot be drawn from the data?
1. 60% of the students do not have two-wheelers.
2. No cricketer has a two-wheeler.
3. Cricket players do not play football.
 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
 60% students play cricket. So, 40% students play football. All football players
have two-wheelers. It doesn't conclude that 60% students do not have two-
wheelers. Statement 1 is false.
 It is not mentioned whether cricketer has two-wheelers or not. So,
statement 2 is false.
 A student who does not play cricket, plays football. Nothing is mentioned
about students who play cricket. Statement 3 is also false.
 Q. Out of the total of 200 musicians in Rehman Music Club, 10% can play all
the three instruments- guitar, violin and flute. The number of musicians who
can play only two of the above instruments is 70. The number of musicians
who can play the guitar alone is 80. What is the total number of those who
can play violin alone or flute alone?

a) 20
b) 30
c) 40
d) 50
 Total 200 musicians
 Musicians who can play 3 instruments = 10% = 20
 Musicians who can play 2 instruments = (x+y+z) = 70
 Musicians who can play guitar = 80
 a+b = ?

 20 +x+y+z + 80+ a+b = 200

 20+70+80+ a+b =200
 a+b = 200-170 = 30
Boats and Streams

 Downstream: direction along the stream

 Upstream: direction against the stream

 If u=speed of boat, v=speed of stream

 Speed in downstream = u+v m/sec
 Speed in upstream= u-v m/sec

 Downstream speed= a m/sec

 Upstream speed = b m/sec

 Speed in still water = (a+b)/2

 Speed of Stream = (a-b)/2
 Q.1. A man can row upstream at 8 kmph and downstream at 13 kmph. The
speed of the stream is?

a) 2.5 kmph
b) 4.2 kmph
c) 5 kmph
d) 10.5 kmph
 Downstream speed = a =13
 Upstream speed= b =8

 Speed of stream= (a-b)/2 = (13-8)/2 = 5/2 = 2.5 kmph

 ALTERNATIVELY
 Downstream speed = speed of boat + stream = v+u=13
 Upstream speed = speed of boat- stream = v-u=8

 Add both, 2v=21 and v= 10.5

 Put value of v
 v+u = 10.5+u = 13
 U=2.5 kmph
 Q. 2. A man can row 18 kmph in still water. It takes him thrice as long to row
up as to row down the river. What is the rate of stream?

a) 9 kmph
b) 10 kmph
c) 11 kmph
d) 12 kmph
 Let speed of stream = x
 So downstream speed = 18+x
 And upstream speed = 18-x
 It takes thrice the speed as long as to row up as to row down
 So
 3(18-x) =(18+x)
 54-18 =4x
 x =36/4
 x=9 km/h
 So speed of stream is 9 km/h.
 Q.3. If a boat goes 7 km upstream in 42 minutes and the speed of the
stream is 3 kmph, then the speed of boat in still water is:
a) 4.2 kmph
b) 9 kmph
c) 13 kmph
d) 21 kmph
 As the boat goes 7 km upstream in 42 minutes,
Rate upstream =7/42×60=10kmph
 Speed of stream =3 kmph
 Let speed of boat in still water be x km/hr.
 As we know that,
 speed upstream = speed of boat in still water - speed of stream
 ∴ speed upstream =(x−3)kmph
 ⇒(x−3)=10
 ⇒x=10+3=13kmph
 Hence, speed of boat in still water is 13 kmph
 Q.4 A boat can travel with a speed of 13 km/hr in still water. If the speed of
the stream is 4 km/hr, find the time taken by the boat to go 68 km
downstream.
a) 2 hours
b) 3 hours
c) 4 hours
d) 5 hours
 Speed downstream = (13 + 4) km/hr = 17 km/hr.

 Time taken to travel 68 km downstream = 68/17 hrs = 4 hrs.

 Q.5. A boat covers a certain distance downstream in 1 hour, while it comes
back in 1.5 hours. If the speed of the stream be 3 kmph, what is the speed
of the boat in still water ?

a) 12
b) 13
c) 15
d) None
 Let the speed of the boat in still water be x kmph. Speed downstream =
(x+3) kmph
 Speed upstream = (x-3) kmph
 Therefore,
 As distance is same:
 And Distance = Speed* Time
 1(x+3)=1.5(x−3)
 x+3=1.5x−4.5
 x=15 kmph
 Q.6. A man can row at 5 kmph in still water. If the velocity of current is 1
kmph and it takes him 1 hour to row to a place and come back, how far is
the place?

a) 2.4km
b) 2.5km
c) 3km
d) 3.6km
 Speed downstream =(5+1)kmph=6kmph
 Speed upstream =(5−1)kmph=4kmph
 Let the required distance be x km.
 Then,
Distance/Speed = Time
x/6 + x/4=1
2x+3x=12
5x=12
x=2.4km