Problem Statement: Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that cause a variety of infections, such

as: Respiratory illness, such as a cold, Infection of the eye (conjunctivitis, also called pink eye),
Croup, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia. In children, adenoviruses most often cause infections in the
respiratory system, but they also cause infections of the digestive tract. Respiratory infections are
most common in the late winter, spring, and early summer. But these infections can occur
anytime throughout the year. As the frequency of it among older people is rising and toddlers and
adolescents frequently come with atypical symptoms (no "whooping" sound on inhalation during
coughing fits), it is crucial to note typical illness signs.

Research Objective: This study seeks to understand children and children patients’ experiences of
the infection, care-seeking behavior, interactions with providers, and process of diagnosis and
treatment in order to develop a communications campaigns to educate adolescents and childrens,
as well as physicians, about the changing nature of Adenovirus outbreaks and encourage timely
diagnosis.

Specific Aims:

a. To describe the experience of children and adolescents as they develop symptoms of

adenovirus infection and seek medical care.

b. To understand physicians’ perception of symptoms as described by patients and observed

clinically, including perceptions of local risk for adenovirus.

Methods: We will interview recently diagnosed children, adolescents, and their parents in two
linked sets of in-depth "disease history" interviews to address Specific Aim A. Both teenagers and
their parents are taken into account in this study as decision-makers when judging the seriousness of
an illness and the necessity of seeking medical attention, and both are in a position to explain
symptoms to paediatricians. To evaluate the course of the illness and the history of care seeking,
diagnosis, and treatment, both views are required. Additionally, it is envisaged that educational
efforts for middle- and high-school aged kids and their parents will target both adolescents and their
parents.

We will hold focus groups with paediatricians who are caring for adolescents who have recently
been diagnosed in order to address Specific Aim B. Focus group talks will prevent paediatricians from
being singled out as having made a "misdiagnosis" or delayed diagnosis by allowing them to connect
with other medical professionals who might not have detected an Adenovirus infection.
Furthermore, it is predicted that interactions between paediatricians would reveal commonalities in
medical education or risk perceptions, which will be crucial for creating a successful educational
campaign for doctors.

Population: The Atlanta metropolitan area's Adenovirus infections will be the subject of this study,
which will concentrate on the counties, all of which were historically the region's core counties and
currently have a population density of more than 1,000 people per square mile.
In-depth Interviews: The study will concentrate on young people with an official Adenovirus
diagnosis, ages 13 to 18. We will concentrate on adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 in order
to characterise disease experiences in these age groups, although we anticipate enrolling more
children between the ages of 15 and 18 given the projected decline in protection in children who
receive boosters at age 11 to 12. (Immunization records will be requested.) Although we'll try to
enrol an equal number of men and female teenagers, we don't expect to find any disparities in
infection between them. Based on their observation of symptoms, medical consultations, etc., one
parent from each adolescent questioned will be chosen.

Focus Group Discussions: Physicians who record Adenovirus infections in children aged 13 to 18
with verified diagnosis.

Sampling Strategy: Two sample techniques will be used in this study: typical case sampling and
maximum variation sampling. Both will be dependent on the identified teenage case's diagnostic
conditions.

Recruitment Strategies: To find candidates for the study's two arms, we'll collaborate closely with
the county departments of public health.

In-depth Interviews: At the time of initial contact, every eligible adolescent/parent dyad (confirmed
cases reported to the county department of public health) will be given an invitation to take part in
the study.