9980 Example Candidate Responses (For Examination From 2020)

Example Candidate Responses
Cambridge International Project

Qualification 9980
For examination from 2020
Version 1
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Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Research Project ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Example Candidate Response – high ............................................................................................................... 6
Example Candidate Response – middle ......................................................................................................... 38
Example Candidate Response – low............................................................................................................... 57
Introduction
The main aim of this booklet is to exemplify standards for those teaching Cambridge International Project
Qualification 9980, and to show how different levels of candidates’ performance (high, middle and low) relate
to the subject’s curriculum and assessment objectives.
Research projects have been annotated with clear explanation of where and why marks were awarded or
omitted. This is followed by examiner comments on how the answer could have been improved. In this way,
it is possible for you to understand what candidates have done to gain their marks and what they could do to
improve their research project.
This document provides illustrative examples of candidate work with examiner commentary. These help
teachers to assess the standard required to achieve marks beyond the guidance of the mark scheme.
Past exam resources and other teacher support materials are available on the School Support Hub
www.cambridgeinternational.org/support
Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 4

How to use this booklet

This booklet shows you the high-, middle- and low-level of the research reports. The candidate reports are
set in a table. In the left-hand column are the candidate reports, and in the right-hand column are the
examiner comments.
Examiner comments are

alongside the answers.
These explain where and
why marks were awarded.
Answers are by real candidates in exam
This helps you to interpret
conditions. These show you the types of
the standard of Cambridge
answers for each level.
exams so you can help
Discuss and analyse the answers with your learners to refine their
your learners in the classroom to improve exam technique.
their skills.
This section explains how the candidate could have

improved each answer. This helps you to interpret the
standard of Cambridge exams and helps your learners to
refine their exam technique.
5 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980

Research Project
Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments
More usual way to reference

would be ‘Fraenkel et al, 1973,
p.84’. The report is well referenced
and good to see this demonstrated
from the start of the work, with a
quotation that intrigues the reader
from the start.
In philosophy, the soundness of

an argument is made up of its truth
and its validity. The validity relates
to the argument’s form or structure,
and the truth to the truth of its
premises. Later in this paragraph,
the candidate refers to ‘the axiom’s
truth based on valid evidence’,
which is slightly different to its
‘validity’. However, in this case, it is
allowable to equate these two
things, as it is likely that the
candidate means the same thing.
The candidate makes clear their

reason for choosing this topic,
which is thoughtfully justified.
Writing in the first person is
appropriate here, as they are
relating the choice to personal
interest and experience. It is good
to see the referencing continue.
Clear identification of the

research method(s).

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments
There is some justification of the

choice of method and the ruling out
of another approach. The method
chosen, is highly appropriate.
Clear identification of the

candidate's own position before
commencing the study. It is good
that this appears, as it will facilitate
their identification of how their
views have or have not changed
through carrying out the project.
Excellent signposting of how the

report is constructed, which reveals
a sound structure and ends the
introductory part of the report
appropriately.
The context is introduced very

well through referenced sources.

The report highlights contrasting

perspectives.
The candidate clarifies what the

axiom is, using different forms of
expression. This shows the ability
to evaluate different sources to
identify that they are
communicating the same thing in
different ways.

The candidate explains the

philosophical difficulty with the
axiom well.
A strong analytical account of

the differing schools of thought
identified by Lebesgue.
Good analytical skills shown in

identifying one perspective with
another perspective with which the
candidate is familiar.

Excellent analytical explanation

of the problem with the axiom from
this particular point of view.
Excellent analysis to identify

these other perspectives as being
in accord with those last identified.
Sound use and interpretation of the
sources.
'may’ rather than ‘will still believe

it to be true' is perhaps more
appropriate here, as being an
idealist does not necessitate
automatic acceptance of the axiom.
It is very good that the candidate
can identify what sets the idealists
apart from the empiricists and
constructivists.
This position is communicated

accurately. Good analysis in
making the connection.

Excellent clarification of use of

terms here. This kind of precision
can be one of the characteristics of
a higher-grade response. There is a
strong element of evaluation here
too.
Sound evaluation of an
argument.
Strong evaluation again. This

reveals that the principle of the
axiom had been in use by people
before they had realised they were
using it.

Excellent analysis and

evaluation. The candidate notes
correctly that there is a
contradiction here, if both the
philosophical positions are to be
accepted.
Excellent structure through a

strong identification of the approach
to be taken.

Excellent explanation of this

perspective and of its relation to the
axiom.

Excellent explanation of this

example. The following paragraph
as well as the preceding
paragraphs, are an explicit and
effective evaluation of this source.
Is the project's focus on truth or

validity, or the truth of the axiom’s
validity? This is where the
candidate might have been more
precise about the distinction
between truth and validity, as within
the introduction.
Validity becomes a focus again.
Excellent critical engagement

with the perspective.
Good analysis – highlights the

issue of semantics.
Strong evaluation.

Excellent evaluation of the

candidate's own approach and of
the contribution of the source that
they considered.


The candidate explains and

demonstrates this paradox well.
Excellent analytical skills shown in
describing this process.
This particular example

highlights the importance of the
difference between logic (validity)
and truthfulness. It would have
benefited the candidate to
understand the distinction between
these terms and to use them
consistently throughout the
response.

Sound application of what the

candidate has learned so far to a
new perspective, indicating strong
evaluative skills.
Excellent evaluation, which in

this instance recognises the
distinction between validity and
truth.
Excellent evaluation of what the

candidate has learned up to this
point.

The candidate summarises the

more neutral positions very well.
Generally, sentences beginning

'I think that' are to be discouraged;
however the candidate appears to
be returning to consider their own
personal view on the axiom here. If
so, this could be more clearly
signposted.
Similarly, 'I believe' should be

avoided, although once again, this
appears to be within part of the
candidate's reflection, where writing
in the first person is acceptable.

This conclusion summarises the

positions the candidate has
considered well, and in the
sentence 'the axiom's truth is not
that crucial, we just use it when
needed', the candidate’s position in
relation to truth and validity is
addressed.
The candidate gives their

position and justifies it. A clearer
distinction between truth and
validity would make this stronger.

The candidate indicates a clear

closing point in contrast with the
position they held at the outset of
the project.
Some reflection on strengths

and limitations.
The candidate indicates possible

areas for future research, and
relates some of this to what they
have learned.

Excellent referencing.
Candidate would benefit from

using one consistent format of
references for online sources.


The candidate submitted their

research log as a separate
document which is appended here.
Candidates should submit the
project and the research log as a
single combined file, with the
research log constituting an
appendix.

The candidate notes key points

they have taken from their
research.

This summary evaluates the

content of the source.

The candidate could have noted

briefly why primary research
methods were not suitable.


The candidate has identified a

planning stage and decided on a
structure.


The candidate notes the key

useful components of their
readings.

A very important point noted by

the candidate that they could have
made more use of in addressing
the key concepts of the report.

Good evidence of critical

reflection on the content of the draft
report.



Mark for AO1 = (21+18+7)

= 46 out of 56
Mark for AO2 = 6 out of 12
Total mark awarded =

61 out of 80

How the candidate could have improved the answer

AO1: Research, analysis and evaluation – Research and analysis were clearly at Level 4. Evaluation was
between Levels 2 and 3, so a mark at the bottom of Level 3 was given for this aspect. The candidate needed to
evaluate more explicitly the strengths and limitations of the research methods they used. In addition, they
needed to evaluate a range of sources explicitly and effectively, whereas the candidate evaluated only one or
two sources to this extent. The evaluation could have considered the relative reliability and credibility of the
different sources consulted.
AO2: Reflection – The candidate needed to examine the strengths and limitations of the project in more detail
through reference to specific examples. They also needed to make clearer and more specific references to the
project to explain how their views had changed. Both of these aspects of reflection are needed to contribute to
this objective, hence the mark given was at the top of Level 2.
AO3: Communication – Two factors needed improvement to move from the top of Level 3 (the awarded level) to
Level 4. Firstly, the candidate needed to define the terms ‘truth’ and ‘validity’ and to use them consistently
throughout the response, in the same way that they used other subject-specific vocabulary consistently and
accurately throughout. In addition, the candidate should have used a consistent format of referencing for online
sources in the reference list at the end of the work

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments
This introductory paragraph

effectively demonstrates the
importance of the issue being
considered. It also includes at its
end some reflection on a limitation
of a method used. The candidate
should note that authors’ initials do
not need to appear within in-text
references.

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments
An element of critical analysis is

brought in here, in considering that
an aging population might mean
that less of the population will be
using this technology when more of
the population is older.
There is also some explicit
evaluation of this source, however,
it could be more effective. For
instance, the candidate should
consider that future generations
who have used technology all of
their life may well continue to use
that technology into their old age.
Some issues with clarity of

communication here. In addition, a
source would be beneficial for the
first sentence of the paragraph.
Good signposting here. This tells

us the candidate's intended
interpretation of the question. Thus,
the content up until now has
explained what is meant by modern
media replacing traditional media,
presenting some initial evidence for
the same.

Sources are used well here to

communicate this aspect of the
debate. There is also some
evaluation in thinking about the
different roles used by the different
technologies.
Good analysis here. Some of

the advantages and disadvantages
of both modern and traditional
media are presented within this.

Good that the candidate notes

that there are some entrenched
institutions forming part of the
establishment.
The candidate presents statistics

without referencing a source (until
the end of the paragraph). The
source should be provided
alongside the statistics, to avoid
ambiguity.
Good interpretation of the data,

however the point could be more
clearly expressed.

It is not clear whether private

hire, or Uber, is meant by 'online
renting'.

Term ‘CPM’ should be clarified

on first use.
This is an example of
evaluation. It could be made more
effective by considering the
possibility that the traditional
systems of measure may not have
been able to keep up with the pace
of change and the sheer volume of
online advertising.
Terms seem to be being used

inconsistently here. What was
previously described as ‘traditional
media’ now seems to be called the
‘plain media’.
The candidate needs to explain

abbreviations on first use.

This is good evaluation of the

contribution that modern media can
make over traditional media.
The candidate omits to consider

the fact that fake news can spread
almost instantly with modern media,
without the checks that take place
for instance before a book may be
published or a journal article goes
to print. Including this would make
the analysis and evaluation more
balanced and thus more effective.

If ‘plates’ is a technical term, it

requires explaining. Otherwise, it
appears to be a communication
issue.
Good to see an element of

balance introduced.
This links with the fake news

point made earlier.

The candidate’s analysis could

be improved by careful balance
needed between safety and
freedom.

Good use of data to evaluate the

points of view considered.
This is a perceptive point of

interpretation and analysis.

The candidate offers a

perceptive discussion of terms to
determine their answer to the
question.

See the earlier comments

(Comment 2) on this issue that the
candidate might have taken into
account.
This is a very well noted,

perceptive point.

The candidate offers a sound

conclusion that sums up the key
points of their project well.

This is a thoughtful consideration

of the limitations of this work.
The consideration of the

strengths of the project is more
limited in scope, and it is unclear
how the project has impacted on
the candidate's own opinions.


The method of referencing used

is generally consistent, but as the
candidate notes, there is not a wide
variety of types of source.

There is a research log (called a

'Search Log'), however, it only
records the key content of each
source and does not reveal
anything about the candidate's
planning or about the relative merit
of the sources.

Mark for AO1 = (10+12+6)

= 28 out of 56
Total mark awarded =

37 out of 80


AO1: Research, analysis and evaluation – For research, the report largely met elements of the assessment
outcome at Level 2, with two chief exceptions: ‘The question has largely guided the research conducted and
content of the report’ (which is a Level 3 factor) and ‘The research log is superficial and gives little evidence of
the research process’ (which is Level 1). The candidate needed to make greater and ongoing use of the
research log to provide evidence of the whole project process, rather than, as here, it being a summary of
sources consulted and their key content. The candidate would have improved their answer by using the
research log as a tool to help them plan and carry out their project as a whole. This would have provided further
evidence of planning, which is also assessed under AO1. The candidate should also have made more explicit
justification of the research question. They did so here more implicitly. The candidate needed to justify the
research methods as well as comment on limitations.
In terms of analysis, the candidate performed quite consistently at Level 3.
Evaluation was explicit in places but not always effective. The candidate should have built on the effectiveness
of their evaluation of sources by considering counterpoints to their own key points, such as in relation to the
argument that an increasingly aged population will lead to more of the population using traditional rather than
modern media. They could have also evaluated the sources’ relative credibility and reliability.
AO2: Reflection – The candidate offered detailed reflection on the limitations of the project and some reflection
on the project’s strengths. This is Level 3. However, the candidate only offered some limited discussion of
personal views on the topic, which is Level 1, placing the candidate in Level 2 for this aspect overall. To improve
their answer, the candidate needed to state clearly their personal views as they were before carrying out the
project and then to explain what they were at its end, accounting for how and why they changed or remained the
same.
AO3: Communication – The report met elements of the assessment objective quite consistently at Level 2.
There were issues with clarity in places; however the work was fairly clear to follow. The candidate could have
improved their work by proofreading carefully and by using software that checks for spelling and grammatical
mistakes. They could have also improved the structure of the report by signposting more clearly when it was
considering modern and/or traditional media and from which perspective. The candidate needed to use
terminology consistently, as they switched between ‘traditional’ and ‘plain’ media to mean the same thing.

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

1. Introduction
The Silk Route is an ancient concept that began in 2nd

There is an introduction to the
century BC until the 14th century AD. It was named this context of the question, but no
introduction to the question itself.
due to the large amounts of Silk being traded from
There is also no reflective element,
China that acted as a monopoly, but with the passage such as identifying why the
question or the methods were
of time, other countries were able to produce it too. chosen.
Other than that the route also facilitated to other trade
like fruits and vegetables, spices, wood and metal work,
precious stones, grains and items of value. In 2013,
China's President Xi Jinping announced to establish the
Maritime Silk Road which is a strategic initiative to
increase investment and foster collaboration across the
historic Silk Road. “65 countries have agreed to
participate in the ambitious project that has the
potential to impact 4.4 billion people once completed.”1

Thereby, since it is said to be of a huge impact on the
ordinary citizens of countries, it is, therefore, crucial to
evaluate whether it will actually benefit or not.
1.1 The structure of the Route
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 For better reference see: P. Frankopan, The Silk Roads. A New History or the
World, London: Bloomsbury, 2015


The route stretches from Asia to Europe by 4,000 miles.
The Silk Road would spread to Europe, commencing from
cities on the southeastern coast of China and adopting a
system of associated ports and infrastructure projects. The
planned sea route begins in Fuzhou, China and goes via
Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, the
Maldives, and East Africa. Onward the coast of Africa,
countries including Kenya, Djibouti, Tanzania, and
Mozambique are an element of Chinas plan. The MSR
would then continue from the African coast into the
Red Sea and through the Suez canal to the
Mediterranean. After crossing Athens, the road ends in
The report remains descriptive
Venice, where the land-based belt will continue. The at this point.
land-based route will start from the Chinese city of Xi’an,
going through different parts of Asia, and through the
Middle East, before reaching Europe and ending in Venice.
The predate “One Belt, One Road” links the Maritime Silk
Road (MSR) with a land-based counterpart, called the Silk
Road Economic Belt (SREB).2
1.2 Impact of the Ancient Silk Route
Nomads were considered very crucial during the time of

ancient Silk Route. As they would move around most of
the time, trading became easier and they became more
resistant to diseases. A group of nomads known as the
Yuezhi migrated to Bactria and started the Kushan
Empire in what is now known as Afghanistan and
Pakistan. And so, as the Silk Road took off in the 2nd and
3rd century CE, the Kushan Empire became a great hub

for that silk trade. By then the nomads were
overshadowed by professional dealers who travelled the silk
roads, often making huge profits. Also, the cities founded
by nomadic people became hugely important. They
continued to grow because most of the trade was by
caravan.
2 (Blystone, Dan. “China And The Maritime Silk Road.” Investopedia, 21 Apr.
2015)


Moreover, silk started trending among the Roman
elect that the Roman senate repeatedly tried to ban
it, protesting about the trade imbalances caused by
the silk trade and also how the silk was inadequately
modest.
The goods that travelled on the Silk Road, in reality,

This historic situation is perhaps
only changed the lives of rich people. Did it affect the being used as a template or
exemplar for comparison to the
rest? Yes, in a number of different ways.
modern-day situation, although the
candidate has not made that clear.
Firstly, there was an economic impact. As only a few
people could afford silk but a lot of people devoted
their lives to making that. And as the market for silk
grew, more people chose to go into silk production.
Secondly, trading ideas were created. For e.g., the

Silk Road was the primary route for the spread of
Buddhism. It started to dwindle in India but with
contacts with other cultures and traditions
Buddhism grew and flourished and became one of
the great religious traditions of the world. Many
dealers on the Silk Road became active supporters of
monasteries which in turn became comfortable
stations for caravans. And by endowing the
monasteries, rich merchants were buying a form of
supernatural insurance. Monks who lived in the
monasteries would pray for the prosperity of trade
businesses and the well-being of their patrons. It was
win-win, especially when considering that one of the
central materials used in Mahayana Buddhist rituals
is silk. Also, Islam spread from the Arabian Peninsula
into South Asia, blending with native beliefs and
leading to new faith like Sikhism.


According to Elverskog, (2010), in his book titled
"Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road”, he purported
that in addition to religion; Islamic scientific and medical
advancements also had a significant impact on the Silk
Road travellers. Chinese Buddhist traders adopted Islamic
medical knowledge in healing conditions such as wounds
and conducting urine analysis. 3
And thirdly, the worldwide interconnectedness of

populations led to the spread of disease. Measles and
smallpox travelled along with it, as caused a dreadful
plague, which came from the East to the West in
534,750 and most awfully in 1346. The Black Death was
the last one, which resulted in the largest population
decimation in human history, with nearly half of
Europeans died in a four year period. Also, a large sum of
people living in Italy passed away as did two - thirds of
Londoners and it quite possibly wouldn't have happened
without the Silk Road.
Thereby the ancient Silk Road offered much more than After some more description, the
silk to people, just as today's globalization offers both candidate draws a comparison
between the historic situation and
promise and threat to each of us. the present day.
1.3 The beginning of the Project
With the inclusion of a large global rail system, London got

connected directly to China in early 2017. This was the
15th European city to join the project. Goods arrived on
freight trains after a 12,000km journey from the east
coast. Additionally the first transnational electric railway
of Africa was built at a cost of U.S
$ 4 billion which runs from Djibouti to Addis Ababa
(Ethiopia’s capital). The system was designed, built and
supplied by Chinese companies.
3 Refer to journal titled Halawa Abdelhadi, Ma Zheng. “THE ROLE OF
THE SILK ROAD IN THE MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE

CHINESE HUI NATIONALITY IN THE YELLOW RIVER VALLEY SINCE THE
MID-7 TH CENTURY”, Volume 1, Issue-9,Oct-2015.


2.1 New Industrial Projects & Their Relevance
• Liangjiang New Area

Professor Hao Ming, Deputy Director General of the
Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing said “China Focused on
the development of coastal cities, now it is focused on
inland cities. The development of Liangjiang New Area is
part of the Western China development strategy.4 It’s not
just important to Chongqing but all of Western China.
There was a time when the Liangjinag New Area use to
standalone on the map and the new Silk Road links all
these different projects on the map.”
• Lanzhou New Area

Guo ZhiQiang, Vice Party Secretary of the Lanzhou New
Area Committee said, “We will be finished constructing a
modern city by 2030 and it will have a population of
about 1 million people.5 The development is to build
industries first and to use industrial conglomeration to
attract a human population to eventually function as a
city.”
• The Development of Kashgar(city)

The Silk Road plans promises to bring an even bigger
change to Kashgar. Chinese leaders believe that these
developments will ease ethnic conflict and quell the
separatist movements. There is an SEZ being built there in
relation to 4 centres, which are the financial,
international business cooperation, tourism and medical
centre. That will be the new gateway between China and
Central Asia. The SEZ is 40km, which is half the size of
Manhattan, New York. Over time, it will be completed,
and have 5*hotels, offices and malls.
4
孙慧 . Industrial Development in Liangjiang New Area: Yufu
IndustrialDevelopment Zone,
www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/chongqing/liangjiang/2017-
4/13/content_28930248.htm
5 Siervo, Pauline. “Lanzhou New Area: From Chinese Ghost City to Urbanized Area.
“Yibada English, Yibada English, 24 Mar.2017,
en.yibada..com/articles/198770/20170324/Lanzhou-new-area-chinese-ghost-
city-urbanized.htm.


On the other hand, it is costly development and the
money for this massive project will come from the Chinese
government calls a nationwide partner assistance
programme, under these other provinces of China, have to
contribute up to 0.6% of their fiscal revenue.6
Moreover, employment opportunities have increased for

the Uighurs and jobs are getting better, with the
government favouring that community in Kashgar, giving
them higher employment chances than the Hans etc.
Government statistics claim that over 2.5 million new jobs
have been created in Xigang from 2010 – 2014 and
more will be created with the implementation of the new The text from the previous
SilkRoad plan. comment up to here has remained
chiefly descriptive.
But will all the investment in Kashgar relieve poverty from

Uighur communities?
Since employment is increasing for the Uighurs and they

receive more opportunities. It is more likely that they
would be able to earn more and become well off compared
to the past. Over time, Uighurs will be able to earn more
The candidate offers some
and someday start up their own businesses, which will interpretation here. It is not really
evaluation of any of the sources,
create more jobs for the weaker part of the community although it constitutes some
helping them to participate and eventually, the people of analysis.
Kashgar can possibly be freed from their crisis poverty.
2.2 Estimated Impacts of the New Silk Route

With investment being over $1 trillion, the project is
expected to boost its westward connections, “continual
tension is the dual-identity of China as a rising power and
at the same time a developing country”7
6 “Kashgar, Nanjiang.” China in Central Asia,
chinaincentralasia.com/2014/10/06/kashgar-nanjiang/.
7 (“’ONE BELT, ONE ROAD’ AND CHINA’S WESTWARD PIVOT. Past, Present and
Future,” journal, Nov.2017)


Secondly, it is seen a more than a marketing pitch, as it
is associated with the AIIB will make up Chinas strategic
priorities Asia which would combine with ASEAN as a
strategic imperative, strengthening the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation as security priority. Together
this critical sphere will influence Asia. Ms Pauline Loong
said “I totally agree with Charles that it’s more of a PR
stunt”8
Moreover, with all the investment of China into providing

countries a chance to have better transportation
infrastructure, but its funding infrastructure that’s
designed to enhance commerce and trade, instead of basic Here we have some critical
analysis, in the candidate noting
services that many of these countries need more, like clean that the priority of this spending
drinking water, affordable housing and better education seems misplaced.
which seems to show that China’s motives seem to favour

the wealthy and elite business class.
2.3 Growth & Employment
It’s believed by several economists that China wants to

help its neighbours become wealthier and create transport
routes around the world so that it could easily ship its
products. "China is looking to use OBOR as a way to ship
its own domestic overproduction offshore," said Nick
Marro, an analyst with the Economist Intelligence Unit
(EIU).9The OBOR project seems to be a new resource for

its citizens to take advantage of their country's
technological advancement and easily sell goods to other
countries at a cheaper rate than it can be produced there.
Thus increasing self-employment, also since China has
slowly been developing its workforce, which has resulted in
a shortage of unskilled labour and China moving slowly
from a manufacturing economy to service economy the
shortage of unskilled labourers has caused an increase in
wages for them. With low supply and high demand has
8 Managing director of Asia- Analytica (Chinese Political Economy)
9 Griffiths, James. “Just What Is This One Belt, One Road Thing Anyway?” CNN,
Cable News Network, 12 May 2017, edition.cnn.com/2017/05/11/asia/china-

one-belt-one-road-explainer/index.html.


made production in China get more expensive as the days
go by.
(China is) leveraging their own capital to get wealthier so

they can become customers of Chinese products, “The
project will also open new markets for Chinese goods,
shoring up the country's economy against any potential
slowdown in demand from Europe or the US,” said Jin-
Yong Cai, former head of the International Finance
Corporation.
In the near future, with all growth stimulation would make

China capable of dumping into other countries at a faster
rate driving out competition from the global markets.
2.4 More Job Creation
Joint research by the UNWTO and the World Travel &

Tourism Council (WTTC), presented to the 4th T20
Ministers’ Meeting in May 2012,10 demonstrates that
improving visa process could generate an additional US$
206 billion in tourism receipts and create as many as 5.1
million jobs by 2015 in the G20 economies.11 Further
research prepared by the UNWTO and the WTTC for the
APEC High Level Policy Dialogue on Travel Facilitation in
October 2013 revealed that APEC countries could also
gain between 38 to 57 million additional international
tourist arrivals from visa facilitation, generation up US$
89 billion in international tourism receipts and as many This information is not being
related back to the question. It is
as 2.6 million jobs by 2006 in the APEC economies.12 presented as self-standing facts,
which makes it descriptive once
10 The T20 Ministers refers to the Tourism Ministers of the G20 economies. The again.
G20 economies are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany,
India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Saudi
Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
11 World Tourism Organization and World Travel & Tourism Council
(2012), The Impact of Visa Facilitation on Job Creation in the G20

Economies, UNWTO and WTTC, Madrid and London, pages 17-18.
12 World Tourism Organization and World Travel & Tourism Council (2013), The
Impact of Visa Facilitation in APEC Economies, UNWTO, Madrid.


3.1 Religion & cultures
A long time ago, China was a monopoly in silk weaving and

sericulture, which first came to the Khotan and then
slowly spread to Central Asia, Iran & Byzantium in the
5th – 6th centuries. Also places like the Mediterranean
that specialized in the art of glass making was spread to
Iran and Central Asia which finally reached China in the
5th century. Over the years, paper making started to
develop in central Asia which was first introduced by the
Chinese handicraftsmen in Samarkand Tim (8th century).
It then expanded to the West and drove out the former
writing materials, parchments & papyrus.
Along with architecture and town-planning was also

carried along the Silk Road with influences by
international dialogues. Numerous proofs are there in
Central Asia: Timur's structures in Samarkand, Ak- Serai
palace in Shahrisabz, the Timurids tombs at Gur-Emir,
the mosques in the city of Yassy (Turkestan). They
combine architectural styles, shapes, building techniques
from various countries. They were erected not only by
Middle Asian architects but also by masters from Iran,
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Syria, Asia Minor,
and India.13
Relative to this, Yusuf Bai Bo, a representative of the

Xi'an Great Mosque explained that “The Great Mosque
used to be a government office when the Chinese war
happened. There was a rebellion and Our Prince asked the
Muslim Caliph to give him a hand, and solve the problem.
And soon later the Prince gave this place to the Muslims
The relevance of this quote is
to use as a worship hall.” unclear.
China has neighbours in central Asia in Muslim majority

countries. And China has faced problems with the faith.
The area of conflict is in Xinjiang – the Muslim region in
13 Cultural Exchange on the Silk Road, www.advantour.com/silkroad/cultural-
exchange.htm.


Western China- home to Muslim ethnic minority, the
weakened population. Whenever there is a discussion on
Islam in China, the attention of the World is always
focused on Xinjiang and Uighurs, but the Uighurs are not
the biggest Muslim community in China, that distinction
belongs to the Whay, an 11 million strong group that is
also the second largest of Chinas 55 officially recognized
ethnic minorities and the places are closely connected to
the old silk road. Their ancestors were traders, and today
it is said that the whays live harmoniously with the Chinese
neighbours.
Liu Zheng, an operative from the International Tourism

Department of Xi'an Tourism Administration said, “A lot
of countries on the Silk Road are Muslim, Xi'an has an
advantage when developing tourism and its Islamic culture
is one of them. Because it encompasses the Islamic culture,
many people from Muslim countries come here to see how
Islam is practised. There is a sense of familiarity with them.
Other cultures are also able to be a part of the great
diversity that already inhabits the country.
He also mentions that “Xi'an city bureau and our

provinces' bureau regarding the construction of Silk Road
Economic Zone and the role that tourism plays in this
There is an attempt to link the
project very seriously. China has also named this year religious group to benefits from the
Silk Road, but this is not done fully,
"Beautiful China 2015- the Year of Silk Road". When we
explicitly or completely effectively.
travel, we have to engage in interpersonal interactions
and interacting with the local people allows for cultural
exchange and fosters understanding of each other
reflecting the value of travel. Therefore if Xi'an can do
tourism very well we are essentially spreading China's
good culture across international problems.”


3.2 Migration
During the 9th Century, China

had an inflow of Muslim The candidate has not explained
the relevance of this paragraph
immigrants from Central Asia when introducing it.
from cities such as Samarqand,
Bukhara, Andkhui, Herat, Shiraz,
and Isfahan to western China.
During this time, they lived
separately from local Chinese in
secluded quarters and maintained
their own different way of life.
They were also self-governed by their own Islamic rules,
traditions, and regulations. They lived self-sufficiently but
over time many Muslim men intermarried with Han
women and had children with them. Intermarriage and
having children with Han women was an instrumental
factor not only in the numerical growth of the Hui people
but also it enabled them to facilitate their smooth
integration into the Chinese society mainstream way of
life (Israeli, 1989).
Later on, the commercial

system established by
Alexander the Great facilitated
the interaction between China
and the Muslims in the
Mediterranean Region and
Central Asia. It helped more
Muslims to establish homes and families in northeast
China (Boulnois, 2005). As Muslims traded in India, they
also brought with them scientific knowledge and insights
in astronomy, including questioning the theory of the
geocentric universe, which was a concept founded in the
Indian scientific community coinciding with a period of
intense Islamic trade from the Silk Road. 14

14 Halawa Abdelhadi, Ma Zheng, “THE ROLE OF THE SILK ROAD IN THE
MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE CHINESE HUI NATIONALITY IN THE

YELLOW RIVER VALLEY SINCE THE MID-7 TH CENTURY”, Volume 1, Issue-
9,Oct-2015.


Therefore, the Chinese civilization did not only influence
the indigenous Chinese population within China’s
borders but also expanded its influence further to
15
encompass the rest of the world.
This is the kind of innovation that used to take place in the

past, causing more advancements in developing countries’
and overtime China can become a soft superpower having
a significant power over its trading partners.
Thereby, it can be predicted that when the Silk Road The candidate implies here that
the present actions are legitimated
starts to be put into practice, it will result in more by historical experiences, which is
exchange of ideas, cultures & technology. As there was a an analytical point.
massive fusion of different cultures in the past, it can be
estimated that more innovative things are yet to happen.
3.3 Environment
With regards to the environment, tourism will drive

improved cultural and environmental management with
more Eco-tourists and policies that attract businesses,
visitors and labour. Advanced cultural Management The evidence for these claims is
unclear.
systems in place Environmental sustainability will
underpin every aspect of tourism development. As this
is focused on preserving the country’s culture and
promote its beliefs and rituals.
Though on the other hand there are numerous problems

that are caused, one being the exploitation of water and
the Aral Sea (an endorheic lake that lies between
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan), is the biggest example. And
to increase the production of cotton, Uzbekistan installed
an extensive irrigation system, which later on seemed to
not suit its dry climate. So to provide for more water, two
rivers, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya were diverted
causing it to shrink by 75%. The soil surrounding the area
15
Civilization Overview, 2014, Hui people, 2014


which was already dry as dust became over salinized and
a huge proportion of the land became degraded.16
4.1 Connectivity and visas
Visa policies and processes must be improved, if the Silk

Road destinations are to benefit from their growing
markets in India, China & Russia. Mr Taleb Rifai,
Secretary-General of World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO) claims, “On the issue of connectivity, UNWTO
has made it a priority to bridge air transport and tourism
policies globally, considering that over half of the world’s
international tourists arrive at their destinations by air.
Improved policy alignment and further liberalization along
the Silk Road will surely lead to growth in both sectors.”
Furthermore, countries that lie along the Silk Road belt

are making significant changes in their visa policies to take
more benefit of tourism & movement of people that will
be driven by it. Below listed is the progress of some the
countries have made.
• Tajikistan: There has now been a general

acknowledgement that travel liberalization has a positive
impact on investment climate and overall economic
activity. Tajikistan has made the following changes”
✓ More than 80 countries can now obtain a visa-on-
arrival
✓ The waiting time to obtain a visa has decreased from
14 working days to a maximum of 3 working days
✓ The cost of obtaining a visa has decreased to $25 USD
✓ Group visas can be obtained at a discount of up to 50%
✓ The introduction of electronic visas is being examined
17
(launched in 2015)
16 “Silk Road Responsible Tourism Issues.” Responsibletravel.com,
www.responsibletravel.com/holidays/silk-road/travel-guide/silk-road-responsible-
tourism
17
For more information refer to the Tourism Visa Openness Report for the Silk
Road Countries Report prepared for the 4th UNWTO Silk Road Ministers’ Meeting
ITB Berlin.


• Pakistan: Situated on the Silk Road boasting unique
mountainous landscapes, the Gilgit-Baltistan region has a
huge potential for tourism development, especially nature-
based, eco and adventure tourism. The Federal
Government has shown strong commitment towards
liberalizing trade. And work towards improving the
tourism infrastructure, from roads to accommodation,
and air connectivity has already begun.
• Armenia: Armenia now has a free-visa regime with the
CIS countries, the Schengen Area, plus UK and Ireland.
Other countries can obtain a visa-on-arrival at an
average cost of $8 (USD). Additionally, negotiations with
Canada and USA for visa relaxation have already begun.
The free visa regime has been a major boost to tourism, in
2013, the total number of tourist arrivals increased by
19% following an already significant increase registered in
previous years.
• Bangladesh: In 2013, Bangladesh introduced visa-on-
arrival for 62 countries, the visa policies are monitored by
a Ministerial Committee which has the intention to
liberalize its visa regime. It is currently considering:
 the introduction of e-visas
 to extend the number of countries
• Iraq: Iraq has the intention to gradually ease its visa
policies. Orders have been sent to its Embassies to This level of detail is not
facilitate and assist tourist seeking a visa. Iraq gives a required for this particular point.
considerable importance to religious tourism, as it has

previously received up to 1.5 million travellers for religious
purposes.
With regard to only a few countries mentioned above, it

can be concluded that even the rest of the countries
around the belt are taking much initiative to improve
their policies too. There are improvements taking place
and visa policies are being eased in hopes to increase their
tourist arrivals and benefit from the liberal visa approach.
With an example of Georgia, it has a no-via policy for 90
countries, which resulted in a rapid increase in
international arrivals. In 2006, when Georgia established


visa-free regime with EU, the number of travellers grew
by 55%. This same pattern was observed in other countries
with a growth rate varying from 30% to as high as 180%.
Therefore, all countries are showing positive feedback
which is strengthening their ties with China along the belt.
Once these policies are well established, clearly it will
benefit the existing travellers, but will also encourage more
The sources of the data are not
people in these developing countries to do so. The clearly identified. The candidate
evaluates the implications of the
liberalization will cause more inflow of tourists to these policy changes of the
countries and give more variety of choice of destination for aforementioned countries.
travellers also.
4.2 Tourism
Over the last twenty years, tourism has grown to become

one of the most important global economic sectors; a
sector that drives growth and development creates
millions of jobs, stimulates exports and investment, and
transforms the lives of countless people for the better.
Over one billion international tourists now travel the
world every year, up from 508 million in 1994. By
2030, UNWTO forecasts international arrivals to reach
1.8 billion.
According to the UNWTO “The tourism sector will grow

prosperously at all Silk Road destinations, stimulating
ongoing investment”. Governments value and support it to
gain a significant return on investment. “The Silk Road
18
will offer high-quality tourism infrastructure” Tourism is
estimated to generate significant direct and indirect
employment. With the movement of more dealers and
tourists, the growth of employment and infrastructure is
certain.
Furthermore, with development of Central Asia countries,

there has been a growth in air transport. From the graph
mentioned below, it could be seen that passengers carried
18 with regards to the UNWTO “Silk Road Action Plan 2016/2017”, Vision, Page
10

by air transport in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan shows an

upward trend; however other neighbour countries have
unstable rates during the given period. It is noticeable that
the number of passengers who used air transport has
increased gradually from 1,192,714 to 4,206,794 while
as Uzbekistan improved the trend steadily.19 The
frequency of air and rail services, together with a flexible
price formation system, has boosted a number of visitors
arriving in Uzbekistan from abroad.
Corporate lives
Alenx Zhu, General Manager at Feiliks Logistics Chongqing

claims, “In 2014, our sales revenue for the entire
company was RMB 2.8 billion (USD 437 million). This
Chongqing branch alone made RMB 240 million (USD
37.5 million). Government policy has helped to create this
good business.”
Businesses in China are doing considerably well as they are

receiving a lot of government funds and assistance to start
operation in different areas. Another example of a business
19 South Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research, 2015, vol:5 ,
issue:11


benifiting is the Brose Factory in Chongqing. This firm is
one of the main suppliers of car parts to Ford, Volvo and
Volkswagen. All their factories are located in the city. In
2014, 2.63 million cars were made there. Chongqing
Up to this point the text has
alone produces close to half of the number of cars that
been highly descriptive. Here the
Germany produces in a year. And it could not have been candidate identifies a positive
impact of the Silk Road.
achieved without the new Skill Road. “Local customers are
very interested to buy new cars but also cars exports are
increasing”, said Mr Wolfgang Beuck, General Manager
BroseChongqing.
International businesses like these that operate in here will

bring a range of product choices for consumers. A variety
and relatively low prices may result causing consumers in
China and other countries to gain from.
But with all the development actually taking place in the

rural areas, it is causing much pain to the farmers and
villagers receding there. Local villager’s complaint that
Chinese companies don’t have their own wastewater
disposal plans. They throw their chemical waters into the
town’s public sewage which results in contamination of
rivers and streams that are used for household needs and
farming.
But with all the development actually taking place in the

rural areas, it is causing much pain to the farmers and
villagers receding there. Local villager’s complaint that
Chinese companies don’t have their own wastewater
disposal plans. They throw their chemical waters into the
town’s public sewage which resulted in contamination of
rivers and streams that are used for household needs and
farming.
For those who worked in these large manufacturing firms,

they were faced with intense competition (within workers)
Chongqing was in shortage of labour, and so to attract
more, management decided to provide fringe benefits to
workers and better working conditions to boost their
motivation. For instance the Brose Factory employs a chef


from a 5* hotel to provide a good food for all the
employees 5 times a day as it full fills one of the business
objectives to keep the labour turnover rate low.
GDP Impacts
GDP growth can be explained by numerous of variables.

According to a study by Fleisher, Li and Zhao (2010)
infrastructure, educated workers and FDI affect growth in
China through Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Wang and
Yao (2003) discuss as well education and human capital
as sources for growth in China. Projects related to OBOR
will expand infrastructure networks, which most likely will
lower unemployment rates and have a positive impact on
export. Since this research is aimed to study the impact of
OBOR to the effects on ordinary people. Its most relevant
variables to include in the regression analyses are related It is not clear who carried out the
to infrastructure, employment, productivity and export. calculation using these variables. It
is also not clear which ‘this
Hence, the independent variables in this study are research’ refers to. Greater explicit
clarity is required here.
associated with infrastructure development, which
includes the length of railways, highways in each province.
Furthermore, independent variables included in the
models are unemployment rates, labour productivity,
export and a dummy variable whether or not a province
has a coastline. 20
The government needs to attract many more factories to

fill this ambitious project but so far they have met their
targets of 15% GDP growth every year in the last 5 years,
and this impressive statistic would not have achieved if the
Silk Road rail and road links had not been up and running.
20 Ylander “The Impact of ‘One Belt, One Road’ and its Effects on GDP Growth in
China”


5. Conclusion
The ambitious project of China has brought strategic

benefits but at the same time economic challenges. There
are significant challenges as to which countries have to
bank on for trade and investment as there is lack of
economic potential trust between the countries on the Silk
Road belt. It is also debatable as to whether the initiative
aims at developing trade relations; strengthen cultural
ties, uplifting the ordinary citizens’ lives or the focus is
largely driven by China’s pressing issues. These two
contrasting views are based on the two concepts of -
liberalism & realism.
Allowing too much ease in visa policies may make it a

suspect to treat terrorism or cause social insecurity within
the country. Also over time, the country’s own culture
may be diluted with the cost of more cultures coming in.
That can be avoided if China continues to keep its culture
sacred and not emphasize on promoting it as much. Every
country’s culture is what makes it unique and different
from the rest.
Therefore, the future will determine the success or failure

The conclusion ends this essay.
of the new road initiative, but China has to The fact that the candidate has
written their report as an essay
provide evidence to show that it is aiming to promote
rather than as a research report
shared cultures, economic, political, people, social with an essay structure, means that
some assessed elements are not
& environmental benefits rather than focusing on its sole present.
national interests.

This is a good reference list.

However, the references should be
listed in a consistent format.


Research log
Analysis and Evaluation
The New Silk Road project is an initiative to increase

Chinas trade and connectivity with other countries along
the road belt. But can it be considered as a PR statement
or an actual attempt by China to increase global trade?
The candidate identifies the type
of research they have carried out
Secondary Research has helped the candidate make the here in the research log. This
following implications. China is a fast developing country should be presented in the main
report. Using the research log to
putting an investment of $124 billion for the massive extend the word count is not
project. It seems impossible to think that China would acceptable.
only do this for the benefit of other developing countries’

with no strings attached. This investment is more likely to
take the measure of trade within China to a whole new
level. It is more possible for China to flood their products
more easily into other countries. Dumping Chinese
products into developing countries whose firms can’t keep
up with the low prices would cause them to lose out on
competition and unemployment would be resulted. And
since these are developing countries, the unemployment
rate increasing would cost a lot to governments and the
ordinary people receding in the country.
Decisions like trade barriers may have to be taken by the

government to stop this extremism of trade to ruin the
domestic economy. Later, political relations will worsen as
these decisions may provoke retaliation and eventually
the ordinary people will suffer.
Adding on, every one of China’s projects’ increases their

soft power, giving Beijing more and more leverage in any
future negotiation military conflict. It will build many
foreign seaports and manage it for the next half-century.
It's understandable that Chinese policymakers are
romanticizing One Belt, One Road as a crowning
achievement for their nation, recognizing its status as a
great civilization that deserves recognition around the
world. But the reality is that it still has a long way to go.

A recent Oxford business school study argued that half of

Chinas domestic megaprojects actually destroyed rather The research log is being used
than generating economic value; a few China’s previous more like an addendum to the
essay, rather than for its intended
efforts to build megaprojects in foreign countries like the purpose of tracking the candidate’s
A2 motorway in Poland failed miserably. Landowners progress and facilitating their
planning as they work on the
and the representatives in the national assemblies of the project.
host countries were pushing back hard against attempts
to take away their land, and public demonstrations
against some of their projects were beginning to take root
and spread.
Another aspect to be looked at is the overleveraged

financial position of China, its credit rating was just
downgraded by the Moody Investors Service. Its analysts
concluded that its borrowing is raising red flags and its
economic growth will continue to slow down. But then,
none of these clashes is going to stop the communist
party from attempting to execute their great leap. They
are committed 100% to embracing this fundamental
history lesson- one that reminded everyone of by Brexit’s
improbable win and the unlikely ascendance of Mr.
President Donald Trump- that fortune favours the bold,
at least in the short run.
The Different Themes in the Project
While thinking of this question to do the study on, the

candidate had decided of looking at the concept through
multiple views and aspects. Fearing that the study may go
beyond the limit, some aspects weren’t touched upon like
terrorism, black market influences, political differences,
safety & security and opinions from local community
members who were directly affected by the road. Although
the candidate wasn’t able to go out and investigate by
herself on these issues, she tried her best to get the most
relevant issues that are connected directly to the study.
Factors like Growth & employment, migration, visa &
connectivity, corporate lives being affected, tourism,
religion & cultures and gdp. Furthermore, outlining these


aspects in the table of contents was rather a tricky one, so
the candidate asked for guidance from her mentor who
There is some reflection present
helped her places them in the best order. Moreover, the here in terms of assessing some of
mentor also guided her to consider some relevant aspects the limitations to the study, however
as the research log is not for this
like migration & cultures. purpose, it will not contribute
towards the mark for this aspect.
Thereby, the candidate is rather satisfied, with all the
Mark for AO1 = (7+8+2)
factors she has worked on with more academic resources = 17 out of 56
than social ones (which was previously pointed out by the Mark for AO2 = 0 out of 12
Examiner, in the OPF to do). Also regarding the layout of
how the paper is formatted is influenced by the report Total mark awarded =
25 out of 80
written by Ms Anna Ylander titled “The Impact of ‘One
Belt, One Road’ and its Effects on GDP Growth in China”
in Gothenburg, 2017.

This response was an example of how a well-written piece of work may not show the range of skills required by
the assessment objectives. It also demonstrated the misuse of the research log as an appendix to extend the
word count of the assignment. This is not the purpose of the research log and a research log used in this way
will not add to the marks earned for the other assessment objectives.
AO1: Research, analysis and evaluation – The assignment received marks in Levels 1 and 2. In terms of
research, the candidate needed to justify their choice of question. The candidate referred to the scope of the
question in the research log, however there was no serious attempt to justify its choice. They needed to ensure
that they engaged with sources as evidence in order to answer the question, rather than as a means of
describing the situation. In this sense, the sources were only broadly related to the question. In the research log,
the candidate acknowledged the value of consulting academic sources only to a limited extent. The candidate
could have improved this by justifying why this is the case.
The research log should have recorded planning and reflected the fact that the candidate had been using it on
an ongoing basis, but the candidate’s log gave ‘little evidence of the research process’. The candidate should
have formally identified the research methods in use and justified their choice of these.
The candidate met elements of the assessment objective at Level 2 quite consistently for analysis. The
candidate needed to use evidence more to answer the question and to make links back to the question based
on this analysis. In terms of evaluation, there was explicit evaluation of at least one source, however the
candidate needed to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods in some detail, and this
was absent from the report. The candidate should have evaluated a range of sources explicitly and effectively.
This required the candidate to consider the relative merit of the different sources to some extent.
AO2: Reflection – The candidate only included their limited reflection on a strength or limitation of the project in
considering its scope within the research log. This did not contribute to the marks for this assessment objective,
as it should have been present in the main report. To improve their answer the candidate needed to include
reflection on the strengths and limitations of the project explicitly and in detail within the project report itself. The
candidate’s personal views on the topic were unclear; the candidate should have indicated how and why their
views had changed or developed through carrying out the project. This information was absent, resulting in a
zero mark for this assessment objective.
AO3: Communication – The assignment was clear to read and well structured, apart from the use of the
research log as an extension to the project report. The candidate could have improved the structure further by
addressing some of the other assessment objectives and by linking points and evidence back to the question.
Nonetheless, the candidate wrote each paragraph clearly and the paragraphs were constructed and ordered
appropriately to build up to the finished report. The report included a lot of description, however this was
assessed under the other assessment objectives in terms of, for example, analysis and evaluation. Overall,
communication was good.

Cambridge Assessment International Education
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t: +44 1223 553554 f: +44 1223 553558
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Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 4

How to use this booklet

Examiner comments are

This section explains how the candidate could have

5 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

More usual way to reference

In philosophy, the soundness of

The candidate makes clear their

Clear identification of the

Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 6

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

There is some justification of the

Clear identification of the

Excellent signposting of how the

The context is introduced very

7 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

The report highlights contrasting

The candidate clarifies what the

Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 8

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

The candidate explains the

A strong analytical account of

Good analytical skills shown in

9 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

Excellent analytical explanation

Excellent analysis to identify

'may’ rather than ‘will still believe

This position is communicated

Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 10

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

Excellent clarification of use of

Strong evaluation again. This

11 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

Excellent analysis and

Excellent structure through a

Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 12

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

Excellent explanation of this

13 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

Excellent explanation of this

Is the project's focus on truth or

Validity becomes a focus again.

Excellent critical engagement

Good analysis – highlights the

Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 14

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

Excellent evaluation of the

15 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980 16

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

The candidate explains and

This particular example

17 Cambridge International Project Qualification 9980