# Heredity

no
It is the process of transferring the characteristics
from parents to their offspring
Traits

gear •BEd@o•
 T9ai§-
# Ghanaian

p Acquired traits. Inherited traits

- Don’t passed to next generation - passed to next generation

- develop throughout the life of - It naturally inherited from

individual. parents

- Eg. curly hair , short

- eg. muscular bodY, art of painting
height, colour of skin.
etc .
 Traits
↓
gene
↓
nctigomosonl

⊕→¥→Ñ4→{}*
Clem
N

A gene
>

≥
> gene
}
Cells nucleus
3. → gene
chromosome
DNA
Now, How this trails come
our
to our
body from
parents

ⁿʰÑoegoo
Question →{A_nT7-z
Mendel
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Rⁿˢᵗ;:÷!:%::¥•¥__
- Mendel is the father of genetics

- He worked out the main rules for inheritance of

traits.
-
why ??
- He performed two experiment on Pea To
explain the rule of inheritance.
 # Why Pea Plant ( Mendel 's Experiment )

- it was easy to grow

=
- It has short life-cycle therefore it is
possible to study many generations

- easy to cross pollinate.

- Varieties of seeds are available

-

-It had 7 pairs of contrasting

characteristics.
 # Allele
I

mmmm "
"

Different forms of genes

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baby
short
shoot Allele
= It =

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baaqtmaybeshoslor-lshe.it
)
T ?" " "

ᵗµFTh→
"

Father’s traits
"
↑
Allele

rimming
Mother’s traits Tt
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different
↓ two Allele

flaunt
song I

{ tt
'

TT Tt
'
 wmhft-phen-yeit-crenotypeswt.lv
↓

physical genetic
code

look ↓
A
×
TT tt
g-
→ Height Han) (shot)
Dᵗcnarac
Character
Recessive

↓ ↓
Capital Small
letter letter

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tt-Ieneebedcesscite.net trait >

B
~nmftPhnty .

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pure
short
Pure tail

TT
* tt
↳#GenotypeswT ?
 #Ieenhbedcesscite.at) trait
"

Parents F1 generation
-

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& .

Pure tail
'

pine short All are tall

Tt Tt Tt
T.tn tt Tt
#Defenceless ( Height) toait
F1 generation F2 generation
.

:$j;: §g*•→:
i. Hg%;: §µ•%::Hg•¥:*
B B B

Tall Tall Tall Tail Tall Shott

TT Tt tt
Tt Tt Tt
 F2 generation

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Tall Tail Tall Shott

y↓pe
TT Tt Tt tt

z:/ t t .t /t )7Phenotype:-3:1tstaY1Shod-)
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 Dihyboidcrosnnn :-

•
2 Characters

Seed colour d) Seed shape

1)
↳ Green ( Recessive) I ↳ Wrinkled ( Recessive) r

↳ yellow (Dominant) Y ↳ Round (Dominant) R

Parents
0
RR six
or YY
)
(Round green) ( wrinkled yellow

↓ ↓

Gametes Ri ( Haaf ) "

\. /
Round
F1 generation yellow
&
ROYY →

d=awtnh
"

are
both
=

"
in
 shape
F1 generation
✗ {
Snape Roy,
colour %
Rryy
← →
↓
→ Ry
Dominant Ry

.
Mix → Ry ~ombid
→
possible
R,

pig
mix -789 →

Recessive r,
%
→
→
 →
Round
12--0
→
Wrinkled
8 =
Cy

Y = Yellow

y =
green
 state
physical
Phen?typicoatio_
Round Wrinkled
Round wrinkled 8
:
yellow green green
yellow

↓ ↓ ↓
↓
8 I
3 :3
9 :
 ÷÷:÷÷:÷:÷¥::
← F2 generation
Punnett
Square
Ry / Rxloy 171

truth
 Three Principles of Mendel

1. Law of Dominance

“When parents are pure, and contrasting traits for crossed

together, then only one form of trait appears in the next
generation which is dominance trait.”

;o↑;¥÷ ;o↑;:¥;o↑;¥;o↑÷:$;o:↑
Parents F1 generation

:$ :$
pure tail
'

pine short All are tall

tt Tt Tt Tt Tt
T.tn
 Three Principles of Mendel

2 ◦ Law
LawOf
of Segregation
Dominance

An organism has two alleles for each gene but they

can only Pass one allele

47 47
TT tt

F- ¥
omg
IL

Tt
 Three Principles of Mendel
I

3. Law of independent assortment

The Allele received from one gene do not

influence the allele receive from another gene

☐ →
Round wrinkled
✗ enow
Round
Green
Yellow
LRRYY) (8019 ) ( Roxy )
→t• ↳
 S Determination in Humans

- In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of

which 22 were autosomes.

- Only one pair is sex chromosome which is responsible

for the sex determination,

-In males, sex chromosomes are XY and in

female it XX.
 0%7 *
Male Female
× ×
× y

✗ Y ✗

•
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