HCPP-05 - Enterprise WLAN Planning and Design-2022.01

HCPP-IP Network
Enterprise WLAN Planning and Design

Page 0 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Preface
• As WLAN comes into widespread use in various projects, unexpected issues in

WLAN coverage and user experience arise. Most of these issues are closely
related to improper network planning.
• Good WLAN network planning and design are required to offer good user
experience. To ensure sufficient bandwidth for the STAs, we need to plan a
proper number of STAs connected to each AP, thereby reducing the probability
of WLAN signal coverage holes and signal interference.

Objectives
• After completing this course, you will be able to:

▫ Describe the WLAN network planning and delivery process.
▫ Collect requirements and conduct site surveys in WLAN projects.
▫ Analyze signal coverage, analyze services, design capacity, and select APs in
WLAN projects.
▫ Perform channel planning, AP deployment design, power supply cabling design,

and AP installation mode design in WLAN projects.
▫ Describe WLAN project acceptance methods.

Contents
1. Overview of WLAN Network Planning and Design
2. WLAN Network Planning and Delivery Process
3. WLAN Project Acceptance
4. WLAN Planning Cases

Network Planning and Design Ideas
Without professional network planning and design during WLAN project delivery, problems may frequently occur after a
project is delivered.
Slow Internet Access of

Weak Signals of STAs Severe Co-Channel Interference Poor Experience in VIP Areas
STAs
The AP transmit power is A large number of Co-channel interference occurs VIP areas are key areas covered by
not considered during concurrent users when two APs work on the same the WLAN, where users require
the AP coverage distance lead to fierce frequency. As a result, the wireless guaranteed services and experience.
design. As a result, signal channel resource network quality becomes poor, Therefore, VIP areas must be
coverage holes occur. competition and degrading the network speed or considered during solution design.
high conflict even leading to a network failure.
probability.
Based on customer requirements and actual situations, perform network planning and design to determine the AP model,
quantity, and location. This also lays a solid foundation for improving customer experience.

WLAN Network Planning and Delivery Process
Requirements
clarification
• Coverage mode
Site survey
• Capacity
Network planning
solution design • Frequency
No
Solution
Solution modification
• Link budget
approved?
Yes • Device configuration and networking

Installation
• Power distribution mode
Acceptance test
• Engineering implementation
No • Acceptance criteria
Acceptance passes? Adjustment and
optimization
Yes
End

WLAN Network Planning and Design
1 Project Preparation 2 Network Planning and Design 3 Installation and Delivery Guide
Requirements collection Signal coverage analysis Channel design
• The first step for WLAN network

Site survey planning is to collectanalysis
Capacity
Service requirements.
design AP deployment design
• Communicate with the customer to
clarify requirements, determine the
network construction objective, and Power supply and cabling design
obtain related information (such as
drawings).
Device model selection Installation mode design

Requirements Collection
Requirement Description Network Planning Tool Support
Regulatory
restrictions
Check the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) limit and available channels. -
Ensure that complete drawings with scale information are available. Computer-aided
Drawing
information
design (CAD) drawings of customer buildings can be obtained from the customer's --
capital construction management office.
Common projects' requirements for key and common

Determine the key coverage areas (such as office areas and meeting rooms) and
Coverage coverage areas are pre-configured, and one-click
common coverage areas (such as stairs and bathrooms) required by the customer.
setting is supported.
The field strength can be manually configured
The customer may impose specific requirements for the signal field strength in a
according to customers' specific requirements. If not
Field strength coverage area, for example, –40 dBm to –65 dBm in key areas and greater than –75
required, the pre-configured empirical data can be
dBm in common areas.
used.
Determine the total number of access STAs in a coverage area and the number of
concurrent users in this area. For example, in a wireless office scenario, each user has a
Number of access Empirical data has been pre-configured and can be
mobile phone and a laptop. In this case, the number of access STAs is calculated as
users modified.
follows:
Number of access STAs = Number of access users x 2.
• Type and number of STAs on the live network (Common STAs include mobile
phones, tablets, and laptops, and special STAs include scanners and cash registers.)
STA type • (Optional, based on the customer's technical competence) Proportion of MIMO -
types supported by STAs, based on which the number and models of APs can be
determined
Empirical data has been pre-configured and can be
Bandwidth Major service types and bandwidth requirements for each user
modified.

Requirements Collection (Continued)
Requirement Description Network Planning Tool Support
Indoor, outdoor, and agile distributed scenarios

Coverage mode Indoor settled, indoor distributed, or outdoor coverage
are supported.
Power distribution Customer's requirements on the power supply mode,

PoE power supply can be drawn.
mode and available power supply facilities and areas
A topology with switches and cables can be

Switch location Location of switches connected to the WLAN
drawn.
To ensure that all possible requirements are collected, prepare a requirement collection checklist, and collect and
record customer requirements based on the checklist.

Requirements collection Signal

• Site survey is thecoverage analysis
basis for WLAN network Channel design
planning.
• During site survey, obtain information such as
Site survey the STA type, Capacity
Service design
analysis
floor height, building material AP deployment design
and attenuation, interference sources, new
obstacles, and extra-low voltage room (ELV
room). Based on the collected information, you Power supply and cabling design
can determine the AP model, AP installation
mode and positions, and power supply and
cabling design.
• You can use tools such as the CloudCampus
app to assist in site survey.

Site Survey Information Collection
Site Survey Item Information (Example) Remarks
Obtain the ceiling height and atrium height of a lobby or lecture hall.
Floor height 3m
Use a rangefinder to measure the height.
240 mm thick brick wall (attenuation:

Building materials 15 dB @ 2.4 GHz, 25 dB @ 5 GHz)
Obtain the building materials on the site and their thicknesses to determine signal
and signal 80 mm thick colored glass
attenuation values. If possible, test the signal attenuation on the site.
attenuation* (attenuation: 8 dB @ 2.4 GHz, 10 dB @
5 GHz)
Check whether there is interference caused by, for example, mobile hotspots, Wi-Fi
devices of other vendors, and non-Wi-Fi devices (such as Bluetooth devices and
Interference Information about Wi-Fi interference
microwave ovens).
sources sources detected on the site
Tools such as the CloudCampus app can be used to record interference source
information.
Check whether obstacles on the site are consistent with those on the drawing. If not,
New obstacles New partitions on the site
mark the inconsistent areas and take photos.
Take as many photos as possible to record the environment and transfer survey
Site photos Global site photos
information.
*Note: On a WLAN, obstacles cause strong attenuation on wireless signals, which affects user experience. Therefore, before site
survey, master the methods of testing the attenuation of unknown obstacles.

Site Survey Information Collection (Continued)
Site Survey Item Information (Example) Remarks
AP type Common settled AP Select indoor settled, agile distributed, outdoor, or high-density APs based on scenarios.
AP installation mode Check whether APs can be mounted on the ceiling. If not, mount APs on the wall or
Ceiling or wall mounting
and position junction boxes.
ELV room locations ELV room locations On the drawing, mark the locations of ELV rooms where switches are to be deployed.
Mark PoE power supply cables to be routed on the drawing. It is recommended that the
Power supply cabling Ethernet cables to be routed
length of a PoE power cable be less than or equal to 80 m.
AP deployment feasibility, distance

Implementation Check whether there is a fire door or whether the concrete bearing wall allows for easy
to switches, distance to power
feasibility hole-drilling.
supply, and cabling feasibility
Main buildings on the site and their Observe the heights of the tall buildings, street lamps, and towers in or near the
Outdoor site
heights coverage area, which can be used as the main buildings of the AP site.
Learn about the general outline of the coverage area and check whether there are
Outdoor propagation Signal propagation environment in
obstacles such as tall buildings and trees around the coverage area. If possible, take
environment the coverage area
photos of some areas for future use or archiving.
Roaming packet loss rate: < 1%

Special requirements Collect special customer requirements, such as roaming packet loss rate and latency.
Latency: < 20 ms

Contents
2. Details of WLAN Network Planning and Design

Site survey Service analysis AP deployment design
Power supply and cabling

Capacity design design

Signal Coverage Design Rules
Objective Items to Be Considered Acceptance Criteria
AP positions
Coverage distance
Good coverage of a single AP Field strength of all areas
(good signal) ≥ –65 dBm
Signal attenuation
caused by obstacles
AP antennas
• The coverage can be simply understood as the number of Wi-Fi signal bars on a mobile phone.
• The preceding items must be considered to ensure good signal coverage.
• The field strength of no lower than –65 dBm is an empirical value obtained in engineering practice.
Different projects may have special requirements.

Signal Coverage Requirement Analysis:
Coverage Area
Field strength requirements in common coverage areas
Coverage Area Field Strength Typical Area in Common Projects

Dorm room, library, classroom, hotel room, lobby, meeting room, office, and
Major coverage areas –40 dBm to –65 dBm
hall
Common coverage areas > –75 dBm Corridor, kitchen, storeroom, and dressing room
Areas where coverage or installation is limited or not allowed, for the sake of
Special coverage areas N/A
service security or property management
Office 1 Office 2 Lounge
Corridor Lecture
hall
Washroom Washroom Meeting room

Signal Attenuation Analysis
Requirements Analysis Site Survey Coverage Analysis
• APs cannot be installed in the • The signal attenuation • Final signal field strength = AP
lounge. value of the wooden transmit power + Antenna gain –
• APs in the lecture hall are partition wall is 5 dBm. Transmission attenuation – Signal
used to provide signal attenuation caused by obstacles
coverage (with –75 dBm field
Wooden partition wall
strength).
Office 1 Office 2
Lounge
Corridor Lecture
hall
Washroom Washroom Meeting
room
Signal field strength at the mobile phone position shown in the figure = 20 (recommended AP transmit power) +
3 (antenna gain) – 60 (transmission attenuation) – 5 (signal attenuation caused by obstacles) = –42 dBm
This meets network planning requirements. If the field strength cannot reach this value, deploy more APs as required.
Note: The transmit power and antenna gain are calculated together for simplicity.

Signal Attenuation Analysis and Field Strength Calculation
Attenuation Reference
Relationship between the signal attenuation and transmission distance
Distance 1m 2m 5m 10 m 20 m 40 m 80 m 100 m
2.4 GHz 46 dB 53.5 dB 63.5 dB 71 dB 78.5 dB 86 dB 93.6 dB 96 dB
5.8 GHz 53 dB 62 dB 74 dB 83 dB 92 dB 101 dB 110.1 dB 113 dB
Signal attenuation caused by common obstacles

Formula for calculating the signal field strength (without
Thickness 2.4 GHz Signal 5 GHz Signal
Obstacle considering interference and cable loss):
(mm) Attenuation (dB) Attenuation (dB)
Synthetic material 20 2 3
▫ Final signal field strength = AP transmit power + Antenna
Asbestos 8 3 4
gain – Transmission attenuation – Signal attenuation caused
Wood door 40 3 4
by obstacles
Glass window 50 4 7
Heavy colored glass 80 8 10 ▫ Theoretically, when the signal transmission distance is 20 m,
Brick wall 120 10 20 the signal field strength (at 5.8 GHz) is calculated as follows:
Brick wall 240 15 25
AP transmit power (20 dBm) + Antenna gain (3 dBi,
Armored glass 120 25 35
omnidirectional) – Transmission attenuation (92 dB) – Signal
Concrete 240 25 30
attenuation caused by obstacles (0 dB) = –69 dBm
Metal 80 30 35

Antenna Type
• Antenna selection — antenna type (built-in antennas; external antennas on some APs)
Omnidirectional Antenna Directional Antenna
• High antenna gain and long coverage distance

• Low antenna gain and short coverage distance
• The directional coverage area is narrow, reducing
• An omnidirectional antenna is a single-polarized
interference to other APs.
antenna with one port. Two or three
• There are two types of directional antennas: single-polarized
omnidirectional antennas are required to achieve
antenna and dual-polarized antenna. Two or three single-
the polarization and Multiple Input Multiple Output
polarized antennas are required to implement the
(MIMO) features.
polarization and MIMO features. If dual-polarized antennas
are used, only one antenna is required.

Antenna Angle
 Antenna angle

Transmits most energy to the required direction.
 Relationship between the antenna angle and gain


A smaller angle achieves a higher gain.

The angle can be horizontal or vertical.
Horizontal Vertical pattern

pattern
Antenna Gain
• During network planning calculation, comply with the following requirement in both the uplink and downlink
directions:
Signal field strength – System margin > Device receiver sensitivity
• The system margin is related to the signal propagation environment. In most cases, the system margin is 10 dB.
Receiver Sensitivity
Antenna
(5 GHz, 802.11ax, and HT20)
Device Transmit Power Antenna Gain
Maximum Rate Available Rate
Uplink: (MCS11) (MCS2)
STA -> AP
Depends on the
AP 27 dBm –66 dBm –92 dBm
antenna.
Downlink: Laptop 14–18 dBm 0 dBi –64 dBm –77 dBm

AP -> STA Mobile
10–13.8 dBm 0 dBi –64 dBm –77 dBm
phone
Formula for calculating the uplink signal field strength (without considering factors such as interference, line loss, and obstacle
loss):
Final signal field strength = Transmit power + Transmit antenna gain – Transmission attenuation + Receive antenna gain

Antenna Coverage Distance
• When calculating the coverage distance, consider the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP)
stipulated by the local laws and regulations.
 The EIRP limits the strength of signals sent from a device.
 EIRP = AP transmit power + MIMO gain + Antenna gain – Feeder loss
• The MIMO gain is calculated as follows:

 When a single-stream STA accesses a multi-stream AP, a MIMO gain is generated. The dual-stream gain is 3 dB, and
the triple-stream gain is 5 dB. When a multi-stream STA accesses a multi-stream AP, no MIMO gain is generated.
 During the EIRP calculation, the MIMO gain is calculated based on the maximum value regardless of the STA.
Therefore, when the MIMO gain and antenna gain are the same, different EIRP values affect the AP transmit power
and further affect the AP coverage distance.

MIMO
TX antenna RX antenna
TX antenna RX antenna
Unique path Path 1
Path 2
Single-input single-output (SISO) Multiple-input single-output (MISO)
There is a unique path between the TX antenna and the RX antenna, along which There are two paths between TX antennas and the RX antenna. Only one RX
one signal is transmitted. Each signal is defined as one spatial stream. antenna exists, and therefore the TX antennas can send only the same data along
the two paths. The effect is similar to that of SIMO.
RX antenna RX antenna
TX antenna
TX antenna Path 1
Path 1
Path 2
Path 2
Single-input multiple-output (SIMO) Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
There are two paths between TX and RX antennas, along which two signals
There are two paths between the TX antenna and the RX antennas. Data is sent are transmitted at the same time, thereby doubling the rate. 802.11ac allows
from the same TX antenna, and therefore only one signal is transmitted, doubling a maximum of four users to communicate at the same time, and 802.11ax
reliability. allows a maximum of eight users to communicate at the same time.

Antenna Engineering Parameters
 Antenna engineering parameters include the azimuth and downtilt.
 Azimuth: can be considered as the angle from the north plane to the antenna plane clockwise.
 Downtilt: is formed between an antenna and the horizontal plane.
Antenna downtilt θ°
Antenna height H
Vertical lobe
angle 30°
Near-point distance d
Far-point distance D

Selection Case
Selection Case — Stadium
Side coverage mode Overhead coverage mode

Device Selection Procedure
1. AP selection: The stands are partially located outdoors, and the customer requires 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) support. Select outdoor AP models that support external
antennas.
2. Antenna selection
 Antenna gain: Determine the antenna gain based on the AP transmit power, coverage distance, and bandwidth requirements.
 Antenna angle: The stadium is a high-density scenario. Therefore, the antenna angle must be as small as possible. For example, use small-angle antennas
(horizontal 15° and vertical 15°) on the 5 GHz band.
 Antenna engineering parameters: The azimuth and downtilt can be adjusted during deployment. Plan these parameters based on site requirements.
Antenna Selection: Common Outdoor Antennas
Beamwidth Pole
Polarization Antenna
Radio Gain (dBi) Horizontal Vertical Dimensions (mm) Interface Mode Diameter
Mode Weight (g)
(Degree) (Degree) (mm)
Single
2.4 GHz 3 360 32 280 (length) N-male N/A 218
polarization
Single
5 GHz 5 360 20 280 (length) N-male N/A 218
polarization
60 x 250 x 155
2.4 GHz 11 60 30 N-female x 2 Cross polarization 30–114 < 1000
(H x W x D)
25 x 250 x 250
2.4 GHz 14 30 30 N-female x 2 Cross polarization 30–114 850
(H x W x D)
55 x 230 x 145
5 GHz 11.5 60 30 N-female x 2 Cross polarization 35–114 1300
(H x W x D)
2.4 GHz 13 33 33 39.878 x 368.3 x 368.3
N-female x 6 Cross polarization 35–114 1600
5 GHz 13 33 33 (H x W x D)
φ23.8 x 275 Single
2.4 GHz 4 360 33 N-male N/A 106
(diameter x length) polarization
φ23.8 x 275 Single
5 GHz 7 360 22 N-male N/A 106
(diameter x length) polarization
2.4 GHz 4 30 φ23.8 x 235 Single
360 N-male N/A 90
5 GHz 7 15 (diameter x length) polarization
2.4 GHz 8 40 x 220 x 220
70 70 N-female Dual polarization 35–114 750
5 GHz 8 (H x W x D)
2.4 GHz 13 33 33 33 x 380 x 380
N-female Dual polarization 35–114 2180
5 GHz 16 18 18 (H x W x D)
For more, please refer to “WLAN Antenna Quick Start”,
https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1000077015?idPath=24030814%7C21782164%7C21782201%7C24018840%7C250400187
Service analysis AP deployment design

Site survey

Capacity design
design

Service Analysis
Single-Service Baseline Rate
Proportion of Services in Different Scenarios
(kbps)
Service
Meeting Multimedia Office
Excellent Good Canteen
Room Classroom Area…
Web page browsing 8000 4000 50% 60% 20% ...
Streaming media
(1080p)
16000 12000 10% 10% 50% ...
Streaming media (4K) 50000 22500 0% 0% 0% ...

VoIP (voice) 256 128 10% 0% 0% ...
Source: Huawei lab

Electronic whiteboard 32000 16000 10% 0% 0% ...
Email 32000 16000 5% 0% 0% ...
File transfer 32000 16000 0% 0% 0% ...
Desktop sharing 2500 1200 0% 0% 20% ...
Gaming 2000 1000 0% 0% 0% ...
Instant messaging 512 256 15% 30% 10% ...
Calculate the capacity based on the service bandwidth requirements and concurrency in a
specified scenario. If bandwidth requirements in a scenario are not specified, evaluate the
required bandwidth based on scenarios.

Capacity design Power supply and cabling design

Capacity Design Rules
Objectives Items to Be Considered Acceptance Criteria
Single-AP capacity
Meet bandwidth for key
Meet user bandwidth User concurrency rate services when users in
requirements the target area access
(concurrency scenario) User service type the network
and STA type concurrently
Number of APs
• User bandwidth can be simply understood as the network bandwidth required by a STA to use a service.
• The preceding items must be considered to ensure sufficient user bandwidth.
• User concurrency and bandwidth requirements may vary depending on areas. Therefore, design the
capacity based on different scenarios and areas.

Throughout Design Rules
• Throughput refers to the total amount of data that an AP can transmit per unit time. Throughput is calculated
using the following formula:
Throughput = User access bandwidth x Maximum number of concurrent STAs
• Throughput design example
Assume that a customer wants to use Wi-Fi 6 and requires 8 Mbps access bandwidth per user. In this case, the
required throughout of a single-radio AP is 120 Mbps (8 x 15) and that of a dual-radio AP is 192 Mbps (8 x 24).
WLAN network planning specifications
Maximum Number of Concurrent STAs with Different Bandwidths
Dual Spatial Streams, 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) Supported
Maximum Number of Maximum Number of
User Access
No. Concurrent Users (Single Concurrent Users (Dual
Bandwidth (Per Capita)
Radio) Radios)
1 2 Mbps 42 72
2 4 Mbps 24 41
3 6 Mbps 18 29
4 8 Mbps 15 24
5 16 Mbps 9 14
6 50 Mbps 3 5

WLAN Network Planning Specifications 1
• Bandwidth requirement of a single STA (single spatial stream, Wi-Fi 5) and maximum number of
concurrent users
Wi-Fi 5 AP: Maximum Number of Concurrent Users with Different Bandwidths
Maximum Number of
Maximum Number of Maximum Number of
No. User Access Bandwidth Concurrent Users (Triple
Concurrent Users (Single Radio) Concurrent Users (Dual Radios)
Radios)
1 1 Mbps 30 55 85
2 2 Mbps 22 40 62
3 4 Mbps 12 22 34
4 6 Mbps 11 20 31
5 8 Mbps 10 18 28
6 16 Mbps 5 9 14
This table is an important reference for selecting the AP type (single-, dual-, or triple-radio) and the number of APs.

WLAN Network Planning Specifications 2
• Bandwidth requirement of a single STA (dual spatial streams, Wi-Fi 6) and maximum number of
concurrent users
Wi-Fi 6 AP: Maximum Number of Concurrent Users with Different Bandwidths
Maximum Number of Maximum Number of Maximum Number of
No. User Access Bandwidth Concurrent Users (Single Concurrent Users (Dual Concurrent Users (Triple
Radio) Radios) Radios)
1 2 Mbps 42 72 114
2 4 Mbps 24 41 65
3 6 Mbps 18 29 47
4 8 Mbps 15 24 39
5 16 Mbps 9 14 23
This table is an important reference for selecting the AP type (single-, dual-, or triple-radio) and the number of APs.

Scenario-based AP Quantity Calculation
Table 1 Maximum Number of Concurrent STAs with Different Bandwidths
Dual Spatial Streams, 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) Supported
Maximum Number of Maximum Number of Total number of users: A
User Access
Concurrent Users Concurrent Users
Bandwidth
(Single Band) (Dual Bands)
Example: 200
... ... ...
16 Mbps 9 14
... ... ... Concurrency rate: B
A x B
Single-Service Baseline
Table 2 Percentage
Service Type
Rate (kbps) Example: 30% C
Meeting
Excellent Good Example: 5
Room
With this bandwidth, the number
Web page browsing 8000 4000 50% of concurrent users supported by a The result is the
Streaming media (1080p) 16000 12000 10% single AP: C number of APs to meet
the capacity
Streaming media (4K) 50000 22500 0% requirements in the
Query table 1 based on
VoIP (voice) 256 128 10% the total number of users area.
Electronic whiteboard 32000 16000
(A) and dual bands:
10%
The result 14 is obtained.
Email 32000 16000 5%
File transfer 32000 16000 0% Bandwidth required by a single
Desktop sharing 2500 1200 user (Excellent) The number of APs
0%
must be calculated
Gaming 2000 1000 0% Example: 10 Mbps based on different
Instant messaging 512 256 15% Calculated based on Table 2
service scenarios.

Capacity design
design

Device Model Selection Factors
The number of spatial streams ranges from 4 to 16. An AP with more spatial streams supports higher throughput and
MIMO larger access capacity. Therefore, select APs with a proper number of spatial streams based on the application scenario
and access density.
Indoor APs support omnidirectional, directional, and smart antennas. Outdoor APs support omnidirectional and
directional antennas.
Indoor scenario: Smart antennas provide the best coverage effect. Therefore, APs with smart antennas are recommended.
Directional antennas are suitable for high installation scenarios. Omnidirectional antennas are suitable for scenarios where
Antenna the coverage area is small and the deployment is not dense.
Outdoor scenario: Use directional antennas for long-distance coverage and wireless backhaul, and omnidirectional
antennas for short-distance coverage. (For example, in China, when the coverage distance is greater than 80 m, use
directional antennas; when the coverage distance is less than 80 m, use omnidirectional antennas. The actual coverage
distance is subject to the local EIRP limit.)
Maximum transmit The Wi-Fi transmit power is controlled by the country code and varies depending on the local regulations. When the
power (combined transmit power gets closer to the specified upper limit, the transmitted signal is stronger and the coverage distance is
power) longer. For details, see the Channel and Power Restrictions in the product documentation.
A higher antenna gain indicates a stronger signal strength and longer coverage distance. Therefore, the AP with a higher
Antenna gain
antenna gain is preferred.
The power supply mode is related to the deployment scenario. Currently, PoE power supply is used in most scenarios. You
Power supply
can also use a power supply or use dual power supplies for backup.
The Wi-Fi standard has evolved to the sixth generation, and each generation of the standard is compatible with earlier
Wi-Fi standard ones. The latest Wi-Fi 6 standard greatly improves the Wi-Fi speed and capacity, and achieves a four-fold increases in the
throughput and capacity. Therefore, Wi-Fi 6 APs are recommended.
As the Internet of Things (IoT) comes into widespread use, deploying an IoT network independently will cause repeated
Other features cabling, separate management and O&M, and high hardware and O&M investment. Therefore, it is recommended that
IoT scalability be considered when you select Wi-Fi APs.
... ...

Questions
Which of the following obstacles will cause the highest attenuation of 2.4 GHz signals if
they have the same thickness? ( )
A. Metal
B. Asbestos
C. Wooden door
D. Tinted glass
Asbestos Tinted glass


Capacity design
design

2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Channels
Channels on the 2.4 GHz Frequency Band Channels on the 5 GHz Frequency Band
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
2.412 2.422 2.432 2.442 2.452 2.462 2.472
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Cha 2.417 2.427 2.437 2.447 2.457 2.467 2.484
nnel
:
Frequency
bandwidth
20 MHz
The 5 GHz frequency band provides more frequency

The 2.4 GHz frequency band supports 14 20 MHz channels, resources. An AP supports 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and
which overlap with each other. higher-bandwidth channels.

Channel Design
1. Determine available channels allowed by the local laws and regulations.
▫ For example, in China, the following 5 GHz channels are available for bridge backhaul: 149, 153, 157, 161, and 165.
▫ Available channels in each country and region are different. Some countries or regions may reserve some channels.
Determine available channels before network planning.
2. Avoid co-channel interference.

▫ In the case of multiple floors, avoid overlapping with channels of APs at the same or adjacent floors.
▫ If channel overlapping cannot be avoided, reduce AP power to minimize the overlapping areas.
Omnidirectional
Directional Coverage
Coverage
11&153 1/36
1&157 1&161 9/149 13/161

6&149
11&161 11&157 5/64

1&153

Channel Planning Rules
2.4 GHz Cellular Coverage 5.8 GHz Cellular Coverage
11 153
• Available channels on the 2.4
1 1 GHz band
157 157 The result is the number of APs
6 149 to meet the capacity
11 11 • Avoid overlapping channels of 153 153 requirements in the area.
1 neighboring APs. 157
2.4 GHz Coverage (3D) 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz Cellular Coverage
11&15
Floor 1 • Reduce cross-floor 3
1 6 11 1&157 1&161 The result is the number of APs
interference.
Floor 2 6&149
to meet the capacity
• Avoid channel
11 1 6 11&161 11&157
requirements in the area.
conflicts. 1&153

Requirements collection Signal coverage analysis AP deployment design
Site survey Service analysis Channel design

Capacity design
design

AP Deployment Design
• Channel planning — indoor settled APs Floor Number Three APs on One Floor
▫ Reduce cross-floor interference. Floor 7 1 6 11
▫ Avoid channel conflicts. 11 1 6

Floor 6
▫ Plan channels in a unified manner.
Floor 5 6 11 1
Floor 4 1 6 11
Floor 3 11 1 6
Floor 2 6 11 1
Floor 1 1 6 11

2 2
1 1
Improper AP deployment: Proper AP deployment:

Signals penetrate several walls. Signals penetrate one wall.
1. When installing an AP, try to reduce the number of obstacles that signals traverse.
2. Ensure that the front side of an AP faces the target coverage area and the APs are far away from the interference source.
3. If PoE power supply is required, consider the distance between an AP and ELV room. It is recommended that the distance
be less than 80 m. If PoE++ power supply is used, it is recommended that the distance be less than 200 m.

Site Design Rules (Outdoor)
Rogue AP
If a site is too
high, coverage
holes may
exist.
Radar station, radio

Avoid channel interference from
transmitting station, and
APs in other systems.
television transmitting station
1. Ensure that the site and the coverage area are visible to each other without obstacles.
2. Avoid strong electromagnetic interference and interference from other signals near the site.
3. Provide reliable power supply for the site.


Capacity design
design

Power Supply and Cabling Design: Power
Supply Mode Design
• PoE power supply (recommended)
▫ PoE switches are used for data transmission and power supply of APs (through Ethernet cables or hybrid optical-electrical
cables).
• Local power supply

▫ Non-PoE switches forward data packets sent from APs, and APs use independent power supplies.
• PoE module power supply

▫ PoE injectors are used for data transmission and power supply of APs.
AC power supply
Fiber mechanical
splicer
Data port
connecting
Power connector to a switch
Power indicator
PoE port connecting
PoE switch RJ45 power to an AP
connector
Hybrid optical-electrical cable for PoE supply PoE module power supply

Power Supply and Cabling Design: Cabling
Design
• Cabling Design Rules
▫ The length of Ethernet cables between a switch and APs does not exceed 80 m.
▫ The length of hybrid optical-electrical cables between a switch and APs does not exceed 200 m.
▫ Reserve about 5 m of an Ethernet cable or optical/electrical hybrid cable at the AP side for future
adjustment.
▫ Keep cables away from strong electromagnetic sources.
▫ Confirm with customers in advance so that customers will not stop engineering for property and
appearance considerations.


Capacity design
design

Indoor Settled AP Installation Modes and
Rules
Ceiling Mounting Wall Mounting Support Mounting
The installation mode is detailed as follows:

1. Ceiling mounting (recommended): Select APs based on the installation height. Height < 6 m: use APs with omnidirectional antennas. If
the installation height is greater than 6 m, use directional antennas.
2. Wall mounting: If APs cannot be installed on the ceiling, the wall mounting mode is recommended.
3. Support mounting: This is a temporary installation mode when ceiling or wall mounting is not supported. This installation mode typically
used in temporary exhibition scenarios.

Panel AP Installation Modes and Rules
Desktop Mounting Panel Mounting
The installation mode is detailed as follows:

1. In addition to the ceiling and wall mounting modes of indoor APs, RUs in the agile distributed solution can be installed on a desk or panel.
2. In desktop mounting mode, RUs are directly placed on the desktop. In panel mounting mode, RUs are installed on junction boxes (86 mm)
in rooms.

Outdoor AP Installation Modes and Rules
Pole Mounting Wall Mounting
Installation Installation
diagram diagram
Installation photo Installation photo

Outdoor Antenna Installation Modes and
Rules
• The azimuth and downtilt of an antenna can be

adjusted based on the mounting bracket.
• Antennas that do not require angle adjustment can

be directly installed on a wall.
• Outdoor omnidirectional antennas are installed at a

height of 4 m to 6 m, and directional antennas are
installed at a height of 6 m to 8 m.

Contents

Project Acceptance
CloudCampus App for Project Acceptance
Step 1: Choose Tools > WLAN

Tester.
Step 4: In the Acceptance view, select
Step 2: Log in using a Huawei
a floor and touch the settings icon in Step 6: Find your position on the
technical support account.
the upper right corner. drawing and touch the dotting.
Step 3: Touch the project to be Step 5: Determine test items.
edited.

Project Acceptance
CloudCampus App for Acceptance (Continued)
Step 7: After the test for a position is

complete, continue the test at the next Step 8: Touch the view icon on the
point (the distance between test right. Select RSSI to view the actual
points cannot exceed 5 m). After each coverage effect of the heat map
point is tested, the test data is drawn by WLAN Planner based on
uploaded to WLAN Planner in real the test result.
time.

Project Acceptance
Viewing Acceptance Test Results Through WLAN Planner on the PC
Step 2: Select the

path to be viewed.
Step 1: Switch to the

TEST view.
Move the cursor to a point

to view the uploaded RSSI
information.

Project Acceptance
Viewing Acceptance Test Results Through WLAN Planner on the PC (Continued)
Step 3: Switch to View

to check the actual
coverage simulation,
with the following
filter criteria:
 Frequency band
 Channel
 SSID

Project Acceptance
Viewing Acceptance Test Results Through WLAN Planner on the PC (Continued)
Step 4: Export the acceptance report in

Word or PDF format, with the following
filter criteria:
 Test area
 Test path
 Test item
 Frequency band
 SSID
 BSSID
 Channel

Contents

Planning Case: Indoor Settled Project in the
Office Area
Office building drawing

Planning Cases: Indoor Settled Project in the
Office Area (Continued)
Customer requirements collection
Requirement Obtained Result Key points:

The target coverage areas are located on the third floor of an
Coverage
office building, with an area of 130 m x 80 m. The key coverage • Device model selection
areas include office desks and meeting rooms, and the
common coverage areas include corridors and tea rooms. • Coverage design
No specific requirement
Field strength
Ensure that the office area can receive signals. • Deployment design
Number of access About 100 users
users For details about user distribution, see the drawing. • Bandwidth design
Bandwidth At least 1 Mbps for each user
• Power supply design
Coverage mode Indoor settled
• Cabling design
Power distribution
PoE power supply
mode
• Architecture design
Switches are deployed in the room next to the stair in the
Switch location
upper right corner of the office area.

Planning Cases: Indoor Settled Project in the
Office Area (Continued 2)
WLAN planning design logic Start
(with a tool)
Create a project.
Import drawings.
Set environment
parameters.
Deploy APs manually. Deploy APs automatically.
Simulate signals.
Route cables and determine

the power supply mode.
Export the network

planning reports.
End

Questions
Which of the following are the AP deployment rules? ( )

A. Reduce obstacles through which signals pass.
B. Ensure that the front side of APs faces the target coverage area.
C. Deploy APs in concealed places as much as possible.
D. Deploy APs away from interference sources.

Summary
After learning this course, we have learned:

▫ Indoor and outdoor WLAN planning process
▫ Network planning in different scenarios based on coverage and capacity

Thank You
www.huawei.com

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HCPP-IP Network

Enterprise WLAN Planning and Design

• As WLAN comes into widespread use in various projects, unexpected issues in

Page 1 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

• After completing this course, you will be able to:

▫ Collect requirements and conduct site surveys in WLAN projects.

▫ Perform channel planning, AP deployment design, power supply cabling design,

▫ Describe WLAN project acceptance methods.

Page 2 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

1. Overview of WLAN Network Planning and Design

2. WLAN Network Planning and Delivery Process

3. WLAN Project Acceptance

4. WLAN Planning Cases

Page 3 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Slow Internet Access of

Page 4 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Yes • Device configuration and networking

Page 5 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Requirements collection Signal coverage analysis Channel design

• The first step for WLAN network

Page 6 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Common projects' requirements for key and common

Page 7 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Indoor, outdoor, and agile distributed scenarios

Power distribution Customer's requirements on the power supply mode,

A topology with switches and cables can be

Page 8 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Requirements collection Signal

Page 9 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

240 mm thick brick wall (attenuation:

Page 10 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

AP deployment feasibility, distance

Roaming packet loss rate: < 1%

Page 11 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

1. Overview of WLAN Network Planning and Design

2. Details of WLAN Network Planning and Design

3. WLAN Project Acceptance

4. WLAN Planning Cases

Page 12 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Requirements collection Signal coverage analysis Channel design

Site survey Service analysis AP deployment design

Power supply and cabling

Device model selection Installation mode design

Page 13 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Objective Items to Be Considered Acceptance Criteria

Page 14 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Coverage Area Field Strength Typical Area in Common Projects

Office 1 Office 2 Lounge

Page 15 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Page 16 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Signal attenuation caused by common obstacles

Page 17 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Omnidirectional Antenna Directional Antenna

• High antenna gain and long coverage distance

Page 18 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

 Relationship between the antenna angle and gain

Horizontal Vertical pattern

Downlink: Laptop 14–18 dBm 0 dBi –64 dBm –77 dBm

Page 20 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

 EIRP = AP transmit power + MIMO gain + Antenna gain – Feeder loss

• The MIMO gain is calculated as follows:

Page 21 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Single-input single-output (SISO) Multiple-input single-output (MISO)