MARY JANE ANDES BEED-2

CONCEPTS OF ECOSYSTEMS
1. Ernst Haeckel
2. Energy and Matter
3. Photosynthesis
4. Omnivores
5. Respiration
ANSWERS
1. An autotroph or primary producer is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such
as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) using carbon from simple substances such as carbon dioxide,
generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions
(chemosynthesis).
2. The functions of the ecosystem are as follows: It regulates the essential ecological processes,
supports life systems and renders stability. It is also responsible for the cycling of nutrients
between biotic and abiotic components. It maintains a balance among the various trophic levels in
the ecosystem.
3. Prey Predator, Detritus, Parasitic
4. A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem
is part of multiple food chains. Each food chain is one possible path that energy and nutrients may
take as they move through the ecosystem.
Lion
Zebra Vulture Gazelle
Grasses
5. Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things. Decomposers break down dead
organisms and other organic wastes and release inorganic molecules back to the environment.
TYPE AND STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT
1. Open
2. Biotic
3. Climate
4. Solid, Liquid, Gas
5. Social Environment
WRITE SHORTS NOTES
1. Physical Environment, Social and Cultural Environment, Psychological Environment
2. The life space is a representation of the environmental, biological, social, and psychological
influences that define one person's unique reality at a given moment in time.
3. Lithospheric Environment, Hydrospheric Environment, Atmospheric Environment
 4. The social environment is, collectively, all of the things that humans have overlaid on top of our
world: our personal and societal relationships, our institutions, our cultures, and our physical
surroundings—all of the aspects and products of human activity and interaction.
5. A lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it
is composed of the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time
scales of up to thousands of years or more.
ENERGY FLOW IN THE ECOSYSTE.
1. Sun
2. Rainfall
3. Carbon Dioxide
4. Nitrogen
5. Energy
WRITE SHORT NOTES.
1. The hydrologic cycle involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-Atmosphere system. At its
core, the water cycle is the motion of the water from the ground to the atmosphere and back again.
2. The entire cycle can be summarized as, the oxygen cycle begins with the process of photosynthesis in
the presence of sunlight, releases oxygen back into the atmosphere, which humans and animals breathe in
oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, and again linking back to the plants.
3. Integrating mechanisms help increase communication and coordination so that different divisions can
work together to solve problems. Integrating mechanisms are essential for larger companies because
communication can get lost between the various departments.
4. An energy pyramid, also known as a trophic or ecological pyramid, is a graphical representation of the
energy found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The bottom and largest level of the pyramid is the
producers and contains the largest amount of energy.
5. The nitrogen cycle is a repeating cycle of processes during which nitrogen moves through both living and
non-living things: the atmosphere, soil, water, plants, animals and bacteria. In order to move through the
different parts of the cycle, nitrogen must change forms.
MAJOR ECOSYSTEM TYPES
1. Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is
no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be
referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.
2. ecological functions such as carbon storage, nutrient cycling, water and air purification, and
maintenance of wildlife habitat. social and cultural benefits such as recreation, traditional resource
uses and spirituality.
3. Desert ecosystems are mainly divided into three types such as warm desert ecosystem, semi-arid
desert ecosystem, and cold ecosystem (4).
Warm desert ecosystem. The climate of this ecosystem is hot and dry in nature.
Semi-arid desert ecosystem. This ecosystem has small sand dunes, hard rocks, etc. ...
 Cold desert ecosystem.
4. Grasslands are areas dominated by grasses. They occupy about 20% of the land on the earth
surface. Grasslands occur in both in tropical and temperate regions where rainfall is not enough to
support the growth of trees. Grasslands are found in areas having well-defined.
5. These forests grow in regions where year-round rainfall is high and steady and frost is rare. The
main areas of its occurrence are in South America; eastern Australia; southern China, Korea, and
Japan; small areas of southeastern North America and southern Africa; and all of New Zealand.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
1. Aquatic
2. Nektons
3. Photic Zone
4. Meromictic
5. Oceans
WRITE SHORT NOTES
1. A pond or lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as
abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions. Pond and lake ecosystems are a prime
example of lentic ecosystem.
2. An estuary is an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean. In estuaries, the salty
ocean mixes with a freshwater river, resulting in brackish water.
3. That part of the ocean that lies beyond the continental shelf.
4. Wetlands are some of the most valuable ecosystems on Earth. They act like giant sponges or
reservoirs. During heavy rains, wetlands absorb excess water, limiting the effects of flooding.
5. The  stream system both produces and consumes oxygen. It gains oxygen from the atmosphere
and from plants as a result of photosynthesis. Running water, because of its churning, dissolves
more oxygen than still water, such as that in a reservoir behind a dam. Respiration by aquatic
animals, decomposition, and various chemical reactions consume oxygen.