EENG 457 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS I

EXPERIMENT 5
POWER FLOW ANALYSIS USING GAUSS SEIDEL ITERATIVE METHOD

Objective: Perform power flow analysis for a given power system using Gauss Seidel Iterative method
Power flow studies are performed to determine voltages, active and reactive power etc. at various points in the
network for different operating conditions subject to a number of constraints.

Bus classifications: There are three types of buses as described in table 1

1. Slack (reference) bus
2. PV bus: Generator (voltage controlled) bus
3. PQ bus: Load bus
The specified and the required electrical quantities (P, Q, V and 𝛿) for each bus type are summarized in table 1

Table 1: Bus classification

Mathematical Derivations
According to Fig.1 we can derive the followings,

Then

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Fig.1 Typical bus of the power system

Using equation (1), you can update the value of voltage by the end of each iteration. However, for the generator
Q is not given, then it should be computed from (1)

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Loads:
1) Equation (1) is used to update the voltage magnitude and its phase angle
Generators
1) Equation (2) is used to find the reactive power which should stay within the given limits.
Generator Reactive Power Limits
 The reactive power output of generators varies to maintain the terminal voltage; on a real
generator this is done by the exciter
 To maintain higher voltages requires more reactive power
 Generators have reactive power limits, which are dependent upon the generator's MW output
 These limits must be considered during the power flow solution.
2) Equation (1) is used to update the voltage phase angle only

Gauss-Seidel Iterative Method

Gauss-Seidel iterative method is very simple in concept but may not yield convergence to the required solution.
However, when the initial solution or starting point is very close to the actual solution convergence is generally
obtained. The interactive solution slowly converges to the true solution.
The convergence of the method depending upon the starting values for the iterative solution. In many cases the
convergence may not be obtained at all. However, in case of power flow studies, as the bus voltages are not

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very far from the rated values and as all load flow studies are performed with per unit values assuming a flat
voltage profile at all load buses of 1+j0 pu yields convergence in most of the cases.

Note:
Procedures of Gauss-Seidel Iterative Method: return to the lecture notes. They are very detailed step by step.
I. Theoretical Part
A three bus power system is shown in Fig.1. The system parameters are given in Table l and the load and
generation data in Table 2. The voltage at bus 2 is maintained at l.03p.u. The maximum and minimum reactive
power limits of the generation at bus 2 are 35 and 0 Mvar respectively. Taking bus 1 as slack bus obtain the
load flow solution using Gauss – Seidel iterative method.

Fig 2. A three bus power system

Table 1: Line Impedances

BUS CODE i-k Impedance (pu)
1-2 0.08+j0.24
1-3 0.02+j0.06
2-3 0.06+j0.018

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 Table 2: Scheduled Generation, Loads and Voltages
Generation Load
BUS NO. BUS VOLTAGE Vi
MW Mvar MW Mvar
1 1.05+j0.0 - - 0 0
2 1.03+j0.0 20 - 50 20
3 - 0 0 60 25

a) Find Ybus for the whole system shown in Fig1.

Y11= Y12= Y13=
Y21= Y22= Y23=
Y31= Y32= Y33=

b) Find Zbus using matlab

c) Find the voltage at each bus using Gauss – Seidel iterative method as explained above
‘’At the end of each iteration you will have the following results’’

Table 3: Bus Voltages at the end of each iteration using Gauss-Seidel iterative method
Iteration Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

d) Find the injected current at each bus

BUS Injected Current
1 I=
2 I=
3 I=
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 e) Find the injected active and reactive power at each bus
Injected Power
BUS
P Q
1
2
3

f) Find the active and reactive power flows in each line

Power Flow
Line
P Q
1-2
2-1
1-3
3-1
2-3
3-2

g) Find the power losses in each line

Line PLoss
1-2
1-3
2-3

h) Find the active and reactive power for the slack bus

II. Software Part

(a) Use power world simulator to draw the one-line diagram of the Fig.2
(b) Change the type of the load from “constant impedance” to “constant power”. For this, you
enter zeros for load power values under “constant impedance” and enter the desired values under
“constant power”.
(c) Simulate the system’s power flow using Guass seidel method.

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 (d) From the solution given by the Simulator, note down all the variables that had been calculated in
the Preliminary Work.
(e) Compare the results from your calculation and those from the Simulator. If the two results do not
match, try to figure out how the discrepancy arises. Then make the necessary corrections to your
simulation model and repeat the procedure.

III. Report Submission

- You are responsible for both the theoretical and simulation parts in your report submission
- The report should be typed on the computer
- Every step in your calculation should be detailed
- You can use math type software for typing your mathematical expressions
- You have complete one week for your submission

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