EXCAVATOR

ALL THE THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW

HERNANDEZ JORGE C.
MEDALLADA, IVAN JOSEPH L.
HISTORY
OF
EXCAVATOR
Starting from a scratch…

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HISTROY OF EXCAVATOR

First excavator in history invented by William Ottis (1839)

HISTROY OF EXCAVATOR
First machine to resemble an
excavator was the steam shovel.
It was first installed on railway
tracks to allow mobility.
The machine capacity can move
300 cubic yards a day.

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HISTROY OF EXCAVATOR
It was used to build the Panama
Canal and dig the foundations of
early skyscrapers.
It was used and updated till
1920s.
Sir W.G. Armstrong & Co. (1882)
developed the hydraulic system.

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HISTROY OF EXCAVATOR
Hydraulic excavator was
patented to Kilcore Machine Co
in Minnesota in 1897.
None of these excavator can
rotate 360 degrees.
In 1960’s, Poclain invented an
excavator with cylinders and
hydraulic pump.

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 HISTROY OF EXCAVATOR

First excavator developed by Poclain that can rotate 360 degrees

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What is an
Excavator?
Defining itself…

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What is an Excavator?
It is a construction equipment consist of boom,
dipper, bucket, and cab.
The natural progression of this equipment is from
steam shovel and often mistakenly called power
shovels.
All the movements and function use hyradulic
fluid accompanied by hydraulic cylinders and
motors.

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PARTS
OF AN
EXCAVATOR?
Analyzing the system…

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Buckets are the most
common attachments seen on
excavators. These steel
attachments have teeth-like edges
that can provide digging and
scooping capabilities. Buckets
come in different varieties, the
most common being ditching
buckets designed for grading
stones and trenching buckets used
to dig trenches.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Auger allows you to bore
into the ground. Powered by
hydraulic circuits, these helical
attachments can reach over
objects and drill deep holes.
Augers come in different
specifications and sizes for various
digging conditions and terrains
they range from 4 inches to 50
inches in length and can dig up to
32 feet

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Breakers are like
jackhammers but are much larger
in size. With the ability to provide
up to 1,000 pounds of impact
energy, these attachments can
break into tougher surfaces like
stone and concrete.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Clamps allow excavator
operators to pick up large
materials that are too oversized
for a bucket, such as tree stumps
and concrete. The attachments
can be used with buckets or as
pieces in a grapple. Clamps are
easy to attach and detach from
excavators.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Couplers allow you to
quickly switch between tools and
attachments without a crew. Their
versatility is handy when moving
between different tasks and
processes on a job site.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Arm – The arm is
sometimes called the dipper or
stick

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Hydraulic Cylinder –They do
this by regulating oil flow and
releasing immense forces.
Attached to the chassis of the
mini-excavator, there are hydraulic
cylinders that enable the machine
to do what you need it to. This are
used to manipulate the boom,
arm, and bucket.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Boom - The boom forms the
upper part of the digging arm,
attached to the front of the house
and governing up and down
movement. In mono booms, one
or two boom cylinders at the base
lift the boom up and only vertical
movement is possible.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Cab/Operator Cab - This is an
enclosed cabin housing all the
excavator controls and seating for
the operator. This provides
protection from the elements and
falling materials while all round
glazing offers 360-degree visibility.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Engine - Excavators derive
their power from diesel engines as
it produces a higher horsepower
than petrol. It also powers three
hydraulic pumps, two of which
supply pressurized oil to the arms,
accessories and swing motor.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Counterweight – As a fully
extended digging arm is likely to
tip an excavator, a large
counterweight is incorporated into
all designs. This is incorporated
into the upper housing towards
the rear of the excavator.

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PARTS OF AN EXCAVATOR
Track Frame - Their purpose is to
help increase traction.

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Facts About the Excavator
Modern Specs of Excavator
Types
of Excavator
Knowing its species…

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Types of Excavator
Crawler excavator- Unlike
other large excavators that run
on wheels, crawlers run on two
large endless tracks and are
optimal for mining and heavy-
duty construction jobs. Also
known as compact excavators,
these excavators use hydraulic
power mechanisms to lift heavy
debris and soil.
• Pros: Provide greater balance and stability on
uneven ground
• Cons: Slower than some other excavators

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Types of Excavator
Wheeled Excavator -
Wheeled excavators are similar in
size and appearance to crawlers
but run-on wheels instead of
tracks. Replacing tracks with
wheels makes them faster and
easier to maneuver on concrete,
asphalt and other flat surfaces
while still offering the same power
capabilities.

• Pros: Fast and easy to maneuver on flat surfaces

• Cons: Perform poorly on uneven terrain

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Types of Excavator
Dragline Excavator-
dragline excavator is a larger
excavator that operates with a
different process. The
equipment utilizes a hoist rope
system that attaches to a bucket
via a hoist coupler. The other
side of the bucket affixes to a
dragline that runs from the
bucket to the cab.
• Pros: Dragline system is ideal for underwater
excavating and canal dreading

• Cons: Weight and size make it impractical for

smaller jobs 29
Types of Excavator
Suction Excavator- Also
known as vacuum excavators,
suction excavators feature a
suction pipe capable of providing
up to 400 horsepower. The
excavator first releases a water
jet to loosen the ground.

• Pros: Added precision reduces damage during

delicate jobs
• Cons: Narrow suction pipes are impractical for
large-scale applications
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Types of Excavator
Skid Steer Excavators -
Unlike standard excavators, skid
steers have booms and buckets
that face away from the driver.
This orientation allows the
attachments to reach over the
cab instead of around it, making
these excavators useful in more
narrow areas and maneuvering
tricky turns.
• Pros: Easy to maneuver in tight and narrow
spaces
• Cons: Don’t perform as well on uneven or slippery
surfaces 31
Types of Excavator
Long Reach Excavators -
As its name suggests, a long
reach excavator features
lengthier arm and boom
sections. The design allows for
better operation in hard-to-
reach locations. The excavator’s
extendable arm can reach over
100 feet horizontally.
• Pros: Longer boom is ideal for hard-to-reach
locations and demolition projects
• Cons: Difficult to use in tight spaces

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Types of Excavator
Mini Excavator - a smaller
and lighter version of the
standard excavator capable of
minimizing ground damage and
fitting through crowded, narrow
sites like parking lots and indoor
spaces.

• Pros: Easily fits into tight spaces and can be used

indoors
• Cons: Can only handle smaller loads

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Types of Excavator
Mini Excavator - a smaller
and lighter version of the
standard excavator capable of
minimizing ground damage and
fitting through crowded, narrow
sites like parking lots and indoor
spaces.

• Pros: Easily fits into tight spaces and can be used

indoors
• Cons: Can only handle smaller loads

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Common
Uses of
Excavator
Knowing its job…

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USES OF EXCAVATOR
Excavators are used for Demolition
They are used for material handling
on site
Excavators play an important role
during dredging operation
Miners find their work easy with the
excavator around unless it is
something very small.

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USES OF EXCAVATOR
Heavy pipes are easily moved from
place to place with the aid of an
excavator. This is common with
pipeline operations.
Excavators are used in forestry
works.
Excavators are used for earth
movement

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USES OF EXCAVATOR
Excavators are used for the digging
of trenches
They are used to dig foundations
and knock off obstacles during
construction

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LIFE OF EXCAVATOR OPERATOR

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COST OF EXCAVATOR RENTAL IN
THE PHILIPPINES

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TEST
YOUR
LIMIT
A mini quiz game…

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Thank You!
Always Strive For Success Future Engineers

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