PLT-11 Environment Q.P

BRAHMASTRA 2023
Part Length Test 11
SUBJECT
ENVIRONMENT
THEME:
Basic Concepts
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BRAHMASTRA 2023 Prelims Practice File Sunya IAS
QUESTIONS
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1. With reference to food chain, consider the 3. With reference to Biotic Interactions,
following statements: consider the following statements:
1. A food chain illustrates, all possible 1. For competition to occur, either the
transfers of energy and nutrients two species must be closely related or
among the organisms in an ecosystem. have limited resources, or both.
2. Detritus Food Chain is made up of
2. In both parasitism and predation only
saprotrophs that meet their energy and
one species benefit sand the
nutrient requirements by degrading
interaction is detrimental to the other
dead organic matter.
species.
3. In an aquatic ecosystem, Grazing Food
Chain is the major conduit for energy 3. A large tree shading a small plant is a
flow. classic example of predation.
4. The amount of energy flow increases Which of the statements given above is/are
with successive trophic levels. correct?
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) 1 only
correct? (b) 2 only
(a) 1 and 4 only (c) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 3 only
4. Consider the following statements:

2. With reference to ‘Mass Extinction
Events’, consider the following statements: 1. Flagship species is a species whose
1. Mass extinction is the loss of about loss from an ecosystem leads to major
three-quarters of all species on Earth changes in the abundance of at least
during a "short" geological period. one other species.
2. The current episode of the mass 2. Foundation species is a dominant
extinction has been described as the primary producer in an ecosystem both
'fifth mass extinction'. in terms of abundance and influence.
3. Amphibians appear to be more 3. Lichens are considered a keystone
vulnerable to extinction than other species.
species.
4. The keystone species are exclusively
4. Tardigradesis the only animal known
native to the particular region.
to humans to have survived all mass
extinctions till now. Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above are not correct?
correct? (a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 4 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
5. Consider the following statements: 7. Consider the following:

1. The ocean saturation horizon is the 1. Nudation
level above which calcium carbonate 2. Migration
minerals undergo ready dissolution. 3. Stabilization
4. Reaction
2. Ocean acidification leads to a
Which one of the following is correct
downward movement of this sequential phase in the successional
saturation horizon. development of a vegetation community in
3. The absorption of SO2 is a major a habitat?
cause of ocean acidification because (a) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4
SO2 dissolves in water and forms (b) 1 – 2 – 4 – 3
(c) 2 – 1 – 3 – 4
sulfuric acid.
(d) 2 – 1 – 4 – 3
4. As the pH of Ocean falls, shall owing
of Carbon Compensation Depth 8. With reference to ‘Bio-fuels’ consider the
(CCD) occurs. following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are 1. Fourth generation biofuel (FGB) uses
not correct? genetically modified (GM) algae to
enhance biofuel production
(a) 1 and 2 only
2. Biofuels are one of the sources of
(b) 3 only Methane (CH4) emissions.
(c) 4 only 3. Biodiesel nearly eliminate the
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only emissions of Nitrogen oxides (NOx).
4. Recently seen in news, Golden Rice is
used in manufacturing efficient biofuels.
6. With respect to the productivity of an Which of the statements given above is/are
ecosystem, consider the following correct?
statements: (a) 1 and 2 only
1. The Gross primary productivity of an (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
ecosystem is the rate of production of (c) 2 and 3 only
organic matter during photosynthesis. (d) All of the above
2. Eutrophication leads to increase in the
9. Which of the following are possible
primary productivity of the water impacts of Overgrazing?
body. 1. Reduced vulnerability to water and
3. The stable biological community wind erosion.
shows large variation in productivity 2. Increase in infiltration of water into
from year to year. the soil.
3. Increase in the invasion of xerophytic
4. Mangroves have higher productivity
plants and burrowing animals.
than oceans, grasslands and lakes. 4. Breakdown of the biogeochemical
Which of the statements given above are cycles of water and nitrogen.
correct? Select the correct answer using the code
(a) 1 and 2 only given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 3 and 4 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) All of the above (d) All of the above
10. With reference to Biomes, consider the 13. Consider the following statements about
following statements: biosphere:
1. A biome is a community of plants and
1. The energy required for the life within
animals that have common
characteristics for the environment the biosphere comes from the plants.
they exist in. 2. Tropical rainforest covers more than
2. The boundaries of different biomes on 50% of all plants and animals on the
land are determined mainly by climate.
earth.
3. The Tundra is the coldest of the biomes.
3. Air, water and soil constantly interact
4. Ecotype is a transition area between two
biomes where communities interact. to form new chemicals and decompose
Which of the statements given above are the old ones.
correct? Which of the following statement(s) is/are
(a) 1 and 2 only incorrect?
(b) 3 and 4 only
(a) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
11. Consider the following statements with (d) All of the above
respect to ecology of any area:
1. Biosphere is structural and functional
unit of an ecosystem.
2. If one part of the ecosystem is 14. Consider the following pairs:
damaged or disappears, it has a direct
Roots Description
impact on other species.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are 1. Haustorial produced from the
incorrect? Roots parts of the plant
(a) 1 only other than the radicle
(b) 2 only or its subdivision
(c) Both 1 and 2 2. Pneumatophore spike like projection
(d) None
of the roots of
mangrove tree above
12. Consider the following statement with
respect to Ecotone: the ground.
1. It surrounds an ecosystem and acts like 3. Adventitious roots of parasitic
a buffer zone for its protection. Roots plants that can absorb
2. It contains some entirely different
water and nutrients
organisms from the adjoining ecosystem.
3. It may have population density of from another plant.
some species greater than the How many pairs given above is/are
adjoining ecosystem. correctly matched?
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect? (a) None of the pairs
(a) 1 only (b) Only one pairs
(b) 2 only (c) Only two pairs
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) All three pairs
(d) All of the above
15. Consider the following statements about 18. Consider the following statements about
structure of community: niches in an ecosystem:
1. In a community the number of species 1. A Niche is a community of plants and
and size of their population does not animals that have common
vary with respect to habitat. characteristics for the environment
2. Topography mainly determines the they exist in
characteristic of the community as 2. Similar species may have similar
well as the pattern of organisation of niches.
the members in the community. Which of the following statement(s) is/are
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
incorrect? (a) 1 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of these
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
19. Consider the following pairs:
16. Consider the following statements with
Pollutants Health
respect to ecosystem:
effects/Syndrome
1. Single tree can be considered as
1. Lead Knock knee
ecosystem.
Syndrome
2. Biotic factors are the most important 2. Particulate Pulmonary
determinants of where and how well Matter Malfunctioning
an organism exists in its environment.
3. Cadmium Black foot disease
3. Temperature determines the distribution
4. Coal Dust Pneumoconiosis
of organisms in the environment.
How many pairs given above is/are
4. Presence of food is the largest factor
correctly matched?
which influence the survival of the
(a) Only one pairs
organisms.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are (b) Only two pairs
correct? (c) Only three pairs
(a) 1 only (d) All four pairs
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only 20. Consider the following statements:
(d) All the above 1. A more diverse ecosystem will always
be more stable.
17. Which of the following is the correct 2. More number of ecotones will lead to
sequence of Ecological Organization from a greater number of transition zones.
lower to higher order? 3. Less evenness among species leads to
(a) Ecosystem- population- community- greater diversity in the ecosystem.
biosphere- biome Choose the incorrect statements using the
(b) Population- ecosystem- community- codes below:
biosphere- biome (a) 1 only
(c) Population- community- ecosystem- (b) 3 only
biome- biosphere (c) 1 and 2 only
(d) Ecosystem- community- population- (d) None of these
biome- biosphere
ecological pyramids: nutrient cycling:
1. Pyramid of numbers can be both 1. A Perfect nutrient cycle is one in
upright and inverted. which nutrients are replaced as fast as
2. Pyramid of energy is always upright and they are utilized. So, Carbon cycle is
flow of energy is from top to bottom perfect.
3. Biomass in pyramid of biomass can be 2. In Imperfect cycle, some nutrients are
represented in dry weight or the mass
lost from the cycle and get locked into
of living organisms present at each
sediments. Sulphur cycles are
tropic level
imperfect.
incorrect? Which the following statement(s) is/are
(a) 1 and 3 only correct?
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(c) 2 only (b) 2 only
(d) None of these (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None of these
1. Bio-amplification is an increase in 25. Consider the following statements in
concentration of a pollutant from the context of ecological succession:
environment to the first Organism in a 1. The final stage of the succession is
food chain. called pioneer community.
2. Bioaccumulation is an increase in 2. Successive stages lead to decrease in
concentration of a pollutant from one productivity with time.
link in a food chain to another.
3. Bio-concentration is the intake and 3. Succession brought about by living
retention of a substance in an organism organism of a community itself is
entirely by respiration from water in called Allogenic Succession.
aquatic ecosystems or from air in Select the correct answer using the codes
terrestrial ones. below-
Which of the following statement(s) is/are (a) 1 and 2 only
correct? (b) 3 only
(a) 1 and 2only (c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) None of these
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 3 only 26. Which of the following elements circulate
via means of sedimentary cycle?
23. Consider the following statements about 1. Phosphorous
biotic interaction:
2. Carbon
1. In Commensalism, one species is
harmed and other is unaffected. 3. Calcium
2. In Ammensalism, one species benefit 4. Magnesium
and other is unaffected. 5. Sulphur
3. In Predation, both species are harmed. Select the correct answer using the codes
Which of the following statement(s) is/are given below
incorrect? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) All of the above
(d) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
(d) None of these
Temperate forests: difference between lagoon and estuary:
1. Soils of temperate evergreen forests 1. Estuaries are usually deeper than
are Podozoic and fairly deep.
lagoons.
2. Fire is an important hazardous factor
2. Estuaries are formed due to falling in
in Temperate evergreen forest.
3. The diversity of plants and animals in sea levels whereas lagoons are mostly
temperate rain forests is much lower formed due to rise in sea levels.
as compared to tropical rainforest. 3. In estuaries, the water flows fast and
Choose the correct statements using the strong while in lagoons the water is
code below: shallower and flows sluggishly.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
incorrect?
(c) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
28. Consider the following statements about (d) All the above
Terrestrial ecosystem:
1. In Terrestrial ecosystem, producers are
30. Consider the following statements about
herbaceous and woody plants along
steppe biome:
with various species of microscopic
algae. 1. Trees with small broad leaves are
2. These are characterised by lower widely spaced.
temperature fluctuations in both 2. Steppe formations in India occupy
diurnal and seasonal basis. large areas of sandy and saline soil
3. Terrestrial environments are divided
3. Do not have much animal diversity.
into subterranean portion and
atmospheric portion. 4. Presence of numerous varieties of
4. The most important limiting factors of epiphytes.

terrestrial ecosystem are moisture and Which of the following statement(s) is/are
temperature. correct?
Which of the following statement(s) is/are (a) 2 and 3 only
correct?
(b) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only (d) None of the above
(d) None of the above
31. Consider the following statements about 33. Consider the following statement/s in
Tundra biome: context of Eutrophication:
1. It happens when the nutrients in the
1. Mosses, lichens are largely found on lake reduces than its requirement
bare rocks. 2. It is primarily caused by leaching of
phosphate and nitrate containing
2. Animals found in this region include fertilizers.
Siberian tiger, wolverine and 3. Eutrophication leads to increase in
amphibians like Hyla, Rana, etc. biodiversity as the nutrient supply is
enough to maintain increased
3. Coastal lowlands reindeer moss found biodiversity.
here which provides the only Which of the above given statement(s)
is/are correct?
pasturage for reindeers.
(a) 1 and 2 only
4. Plants like arctic willow are highly (b) 2 only
resistant against extreme cold (c) 3 only
conditions and need no special (d) All of the above
modifications.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are mangrove ecosystem:
incorrect? 1. They are highly adapted to saline trees
and water-logged anaerobic mud.
(a) 2 and 3 only 2. They have the ability to absorb fresh
(b) 1 and 4 only water from saline water for its use.
3. They exhibit viviparity mode of
(c) 3 and 4 only reproduction in which seeds germinate
(d) 1 and 2 only in the tree itself.
Which of the above given statements is/are
incorrect?
32. Consider the following statements about (a) 2 only
Aquatic ecosystems: (b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2
1. Blue whale belongs to Nekton group
(d) None of these
of animals.
2. Neuston are unattached organisms 35. Consider the following statements about
zones in aquatic ecosystems:
which live at the air-water interface.
1. In photic zones the depth depends on
3. Periphytons are found living in the the transparency of water.
bottom of the water mass. 2. Aphotic zone is a region of oxygen
consumption.
Select the correct answer using the codes 3. Photic zone is also known as the
given below: profundal zone.
Select the incorrect statement(s) form the
(a) 2 only
codes below:
(b) 1 and 2 only (a) 3 only
(c) 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) None of these (d) None of the above
36. Consider the following statements: 39. Consider the following statements with
1. The higher amount of waste in water reference to Smog:
increases the Dissolved oxygen
content of the water. 1. Los Angles type of smog develop due
2. Higher value of biological oxygen to high concentration of sulfur oxides
demand indicated low amount of
in the air.
dissolved oxygen in water.
3. Biological oxygen demand is 2. The problem of Rickets in human
considered to be a reliable method of beings has a relation with smog
measuring pollution load in the water.
Which of the above given statement(s) 3. Mountain topology around the cities
is/are correct? decrease the smog in the city due to
(a) 1 and 2 only
insurgence of fresh air
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only Which of the following statement(s) is/are
(d) 1 and 3 only correct?
(a) 1 and 2
37. Consider the following pairs:
Floral Species (b) 2 only
Groups (c) 3 only
1. Gymnosperms All Flowering Plants
2. Bryophytes Liverworts and (d) 2 and 3
Mosses
3. Pteridophytes Ferns and Horsetails
How many pairs given above is/are not
correctly matched? 40. Consider the following statements about
(a) None of the pairs food web in an ecosystem:
(b) Only one pairs
(c) Only two pairs 1. It increases the instability of an
(d) All three pairs ecosystem.
2. It improves the adaptability and
Bioremediation: competitiveness of organisms.
1. It causes complete destruction of 3. The food web gets disturbed by the
target pollutants
removal of one group of organisms.
2. Its advantage is that it can be used
against both biodegradable and non- Which of the following statement(s) is/are
biodegradable compounds. incorrect?
3. It takes longer time than other
treatment processes. (a) 2 only
Which of the above given statement(s) (b) 1 and 3 only
is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) None of the above
(c) 1 and 3 only
41. Consider the following pairs: 43. Consider the following statement related to
Environmental Related to measurement of biodiversity:
Conventions 1. Species richness measures the
proportion of species at a given site
1. Stockholm International action
while species evenness measures the
Convention on Persistent Organic
number of species found in a
Pollutants community.
2. Basel Transboundary 2. Gamma diversity refers to the
Convention Movements of diversity within a particular area or
Hazardous Wastes ecosystem, and is usually expressed by
3. Rotterdam Hazardous Chemicals the number of species (i.e., species
richness) in that ecosystem.
Convention and Pesticides
4. Ramsar Transnational marine
incorrect?
Convention resource harvesting
(a) 1 only
How many pairs given above is/are
(b) 2 only
correctly matched? (c) Both 1 and 2
(a) Only one pair (d) None of these
(b) Only two pairs
(c) Only three pairs 44. Consider the following statement about
(d) All four pairs modes of conservation of biodiversity:
1. Ex-situ is offsite conservation, where
animals are reared but plants are not
cultivated while In-situ is onsite
1. Vulnerable - probability of extinction conservation.
in wild in at least 50% in their 10 2. Mobility of all species is maintained in
years. Ex-situ while Mobility of species is
2. Endangered - reduction in population restricted in In- situ conservation.
size 80% over the last 10 years 3. Ex-situ conservation is more suited for
species that are abundance while In-
3. Critically endangered - population size
situ conservation is more suited for
number less than 100 mature
species with dwindling numbers that
individuals.
are edging towards extinction.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct? correct?
(a) 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (c) All of the above
(d) None of the above (d) None of the above
45. Which of the following is the natural 48. Consider the following statements about
causes of biodiversity loss? Osmotrophy:
1. Rivalry among species, 1. They use Osmosis to dissolve their
2. Conversion of rich bio-diversity site organic compounds.
for human settlement and industrial 2. Large organism are better osmotrophs.
development.
3. Fungi are the biggest osmotrophic
3. Lack of pollination specialist since they are major
4. Earthquakes degraders in all ecosystems
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above (c) 2 and 3 only
the factors on which biological damage by 49. Which of the following constitute a Lotic
radioactive radiations depends ecosystem?
1. The type of ionizing radiations 1. Rivulets
2. The time of exposure 2. Brooks
3. The intensity of radiation 3. Lakes
4. Radiation emanating from outside or
4. Pools
inside of body
Which of the following statement(s) is/are 5. Creeks
incorrect? Select the correct answer using the codes
(a) 2 and 4 only below-
(b) 1 and 3 only (a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 5 only
(d) None of the above (c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
47. Consider the following statements
regarding nitrogen: 50. Consider the following pairs:
1. Nitrogen constitutes nearly 40% by
Indicator Indicates
weight of all the proteins in living tissue.
Species
2. Nitrogen has become a pollutant
because the amount of Nitrogen fixed 1. Tubifex Worm Air Pollution
by man through industrial process has 2. Seaweed Acid soil
far exceeded the amount fixed by the 3. Lichen Water Pollution
Natural Cycle. 4. Greasewood Heavy Metal Pollution
3. Thunderstorms can convert
How many pairs given above is/are not
atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
correctly matched?
which is then used by plants.
Which of the following statements are (a) Only one pair
correct? (b) Only two pairs
(a) 1 only (c) Only three pairs
(b) 1 and 3 only (d) All four pairs
(c) 2 and 3 only

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BRAHMASTRA 2023

Part Length Test 11

4. Consider the following statements:

5. Consider the following statements: 7. Consider the following:

4. The most important limiting factors of epiphytes.

(d) None of the above (d) None of the above

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