25/10/2021
Objectives
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
AND FOOD SAFETY
jenell y. oczon, md, mph, fpafp
1 2
3 4
Biodegradable Waste
 Any organic matter in waste which can
be broken down into carbon dioxide,
water, methane or simple organic
molecules by micro-organisms and other
living things using composting, aerobic
digestion, anaerobic digestion or similar
processes
5 6
 Describe the global burden of solid waste
 Define municipal solid waste and its
components
 Discuss the Integrated Waste Management as
a framework for solid waste management
 Describe the health law governing the
Ecological Solid Waste Management
 Discuss factors that facilitate a SWM Program
based on an example of local best practice
Waste
 Any substance which is discarded after
primary use, or it is worthless, defective and
of no use.
 Examples include
 municipal solid waste (household trash/refuse),
 hazardous waste
 wastewater (such as sewage, which contains
bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff)
 radioactive waste
Non biodegradable
 A type of waste that can not be broken down
into its base compounds by micro-organisms,
air, moisture or soil in a reasonable amount of
time.
 An environmental concern, as it threatens to
overwhelm landfills and create disposal
problems.
1
 25/10/2021

Impact of Solid Waste

 Source of methane Air pollution
• Foul odor and unsightliness
• Flooding Combines a variety of strategies for both waste
 Attraction of rodents and vectors management and waste reduction.
 Workers who handle wastes are infected

 City’s largest budgetary item

7 8

Integrated Waste Management Solid Waste Management Hierarchy

 For designing and implementing waste  Prevent the production of waste, or reduce
management systems the amount generated
 Reduce the toxicity or negative impacts of the

 All aspects of a waste management system waste that is generated

should be analyzed together  Reuse in their current forms the materials

 Technical recovered from the waste stream

 Non-technical  Recycle, compost, or recover materials for use
as direct or indirect inputs to new products

9 10

Solid Waste Management Hierarchy

 Recover energy by incineration, anaerobic

digestion, or similar processes
 Reduce the volume of waste prior to disposal

 Dispose of residual solid waste in

environmentally sound manner, generally in
landfills

11 12

2
 25/10/2021

Stakeholders for an Integrated Waste Management

System

Businesses

Local residents

13 14

Stakeholders for an Integrated Waste Stakeholders for an Integrated

Waste Management System
Management System
 Public works department
 Natural resource management agencies
 National ministries

 Municipal government

 Private sector

 Informal sectors

 NGO
Public health department Municipal government  Community-based organizations

 Informal settlers

15 16

Issues and Strategies Related to Integrated

Special Wastes
Solid Waste Management

 Understanding the characteristics of  Types of solid waste that require special

waste generated handling, treatment, and/or disposal.
 Their characteristics and quantities which may
 Improving management capabilities
render them difficult to manage
 Public involvement
 Their presence will pose significant danger to
 Handling of special wastes the health and safety of workers and/or
 Handling of medical wastes public, to the environment or both

17 18

3
 25/10/2021

Special Wastes Special Wastes

 Electronic waste
 Infectious wastes from hospitals, clinics,  Wet batteries
laboratories  Construction and
 Hazardous wastes in the household waste demolition debris
stream (oil-based paints, paint thinners, wood  Municipal wastewater
preservatives, pesticides, household cleaners, treatment (sewage)
sludge, septage, and
batteries) slaughterhouse
 Discarded tires  Industrial hazardous waste
 Used oils (metal cuttings form metal
processors or cannery
waste)

19 20

Management of Medical Waste

 Source separation within the health care facility

 Take-back systems
 "Take-back" is the idea that companies that
Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000
make the product and/or stores that sell the
product are responsible for taking the (RA 9003)
product back after consumers are done with it.
 Tight inventory control over medications
 Piggy-back systems
 constructs a new landfill on top of one that is
either closed or scheduled to be closed
 Treatment of infectious wastes
 Proper disposal of hospital wastes

21 22

Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000

(RA 9003)
 Provides the legal framework for the country’s
solid waste management program
 Includes the need to create important
institutional mechanisms, incentives and
penalties for proper waste disposal
Salient features of RA9003:
 Ensure the protection of public health and
environment
 Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize
the utilization of valuable resource reduction and
encourage resources conservation and recovery
 Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance
and volume reduction through source reduction and
waste minimization measures

 Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport,

storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste

23 24

4

Comprehensive Solid Waste Management
 Waste characterization and segregation
 Either compostable, recyclable, non
recyclable
 Source Reduction
 Reduction of a sufficient amount of
solid waste disposed
 Collection and transport of solid waste
 100% collection efficiency within 24
hours from all sources
 Recycling program
 Inventory of market for recyclable
materials
25
Role of Different Government Agencies
According to RA9003:
 Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR)
 act as overall of the Commission to be
created
 prepare a National Solid Waste
Management Status Report
 provide technical and capacity-building
assistance to local government units
 Issue rules and regulations in the
implementation of the Act.
27
Role of Different Government Agencies
According to RA9003:
 Department of Interior and Local Governments ( DILG) :
 Also publish the inventory of all solid waste
disposal facilities.
 Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) and Philippine
Information Agency (PIA):
 shallconduct continuing education and
information campaign on solid waste
management
29
25/10/2021
Salient features of RA9003:
 Promote national research and development programs for improved solid
waste management and resource conservation techniques
 Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management
 Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste
management with local government units while establishing a
cooperative effort among the national government
 Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators
 Institutionalize public participation in the development and
implementation
26
Role of Different Government Agencies
According to RA9003:
 Department of Health (DOH):
 prepare the National Solid Waste Management
Status Report which shall be the basis for the
National Solid Waste Management Framework
 publish the inventory of all solid waste disposal
facilities
 Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) :
 formulate and implement a coding system for
packaging materials and products to facilitate
waste recycling and reuse
 establish and manage a solid waste
management information database
28
Implementing Rules and Regulations
 Mandatory segregation of solid waste at the source
 Systematic collection and transport of wastes and
the proper protection of the health of garbage
collectors
 Establishment of reclamation programs and buy-
back centers for recyclable and toxic materials
 Eco-labeling in local products and services
 Prohibition of non-environmentally acceptable
products and packaging
 Materials Recovery Facility in every barangay*
30
5
 25/10/2021

Implementing Rules and Regulations

 Prohibition of open dumps

 Guidelines for controlled dumps and landfills

 Rewards and incentives

 Research on solid waste management and

environmental educaton

31 32

Municipality of San Simon, Pampanga

 Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

33 34

Bayawan City, Negros Occidental

35 36

6
 25/10/2021

Municipal Solid Waste/ Household

Waste:

 wastes, collected from the residential houses, markets,  In the Philippines:

streets and other places mostly in the urban areas
 Urban wastes are also called refutes

37 38

Industrial Waste
 released from chemical plants, paint industries, cement Agricultural Wastes: Commercial Wastes:
factories, power plants, metallurgical plants, mining
operations, textile industries, food processing industries  produce plants and animals  Waste from industries,
petroleum industries and thermal power plants wastes
 Due to excess fertilizers and modern cities and
chemicals used automobile
 Contaminates the soil
 Others example includes  include markets, roads,
produced from sugar buildings, hotels,
factories, tobacco processing
units, slaughter houses, commercial complexes,
livestock, poultry etc. hostels, auto
workshops, printing
press etc

39 40

Hospital/Biomedical Waste Hospital/Biomedical Waste

Infectious Non Infectious (Hazardous) Non Infectious (Non Hazardous)

Materials containing pathogens if Pharmaceuticals: drugs and

Domestic waste: from
 
exposed can cause disease. 
chemicals that are returned
Human anatomical waste: waste from
from wards, spilled, the offices, kitchens,

outdated, contaminated, or
surgery and autopsies on patients with
infectious diseases; are no longer required rooms, including bed
linen, utensils, paper,
Sharps: disposable needles, syringes,

saws, blades, broken glasses, nails or any  Radioactive: solids, liquids etc.
other item that could cause a cut; and gaseous waste
 Pathological: tissues, organs, body parts, contaminated with
human flesh, fetuses, blood and body
fluids;
radioactive substances used
in diagnosis and treatment of
diseases like toxic goiter.
WHO Medical Waste Categories:

41 42