5G New Radio Standards and Conformance Tests Overcome 5G NR conformance test challenges for base stations and devices

5G NR Connectivity
UNDERSTAND AVAILABLE OPTIONS
RAN Working Groups
FIND THE SPECIFICATIONS
5G NR Release-15 Operating Bands
ENSURE COEXISTENCE FOR SUCCESSFUL OPERATION

LAYER 3
3GPP RAN working groups conduct studies and specify NETWORK RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL (RRC) Frequency Range 1 (FR1) - 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz
NON-STANDALONE MODE (NSA) STANDALONE MODE (SA)
5G NR can operate in standalone 5G NR operating bands introduce new coexistence

CONTROL/MEASUREMENTS
OPTION 3: NSA NR, OPTION 3A: NSA NR, OPTION 3X: NSA NR, technical specifications for the different layers and interfaces in OPERATING
BAND
UPLINK (UL) BS
RECEIVE/UE TRANSMIT
DOWNLINK (DL) BS
TRANSMIT/UE RECEIVE
DUPLEX
MODE
LTE assisted, EPC connected LTE assisted, EPC connected LTE assisted, EPC connected
or non-standalone mode: the 5G network.
LOGIC CHANNELS
n1 1920 – 1980 MHz 2110 – 2170 MHz FDD
interference scenarios in the mid-band (2.5 GHz to
OPTION 2: SA NR
7.125 GHz) and in overlapping fixed satellite services
EPC EPC EPC
LAYER 2
MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL n2 1850 – 1910 MHz 1930 – 1990 MHz FDD
DATA LINK
LTE NR LTE NR LTE NR 5GC
• Non-standalone options use the 5G NR technical reports and specifications are provided in the n3 1710 – 1785 MHz 1805 – 1880 MHz FDD
(FSS) at 24 GHz.
TRANSPORT CHANNELS n5 824 – 849 MHz 869 – 894 MHz FDD
NR
LTE base station to connect to 38.xxx series documents at: www.3gpp.org/38-series n7 2500 – 2570 MHz 2620 – 2690 MHz FDD
OPTION 7: NSA NR,
LTE assisted, 5GC connected
OPTION 7A: NSA NR,
LTE assisted, 5GC connected
OPTION 7X: NSA NR,
LTE assisted, 5GC connected
the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) LAYER 1 PHYSICAL LAYER n8 880 – 915 MHz 925 – 960 MHz FDD New FR2 mmWave operating bands require over-the-
n12 699 – 716 MHz 729 – 746 MHz FDD
EPC 5GC EPC 5GC EPC 5GC
or 5G Core (5GC) network. Radio interface protocol architecture around the physical layer (38.201) n20 832 – 862 MHz 791 – 821 MHz FDD
air testing for all base stations and devices resulting in
n25 1850 – 1915 MHz 1930 – 1995 MHz FDD increased test complexity.
• Standalone option 2 means
eLTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR
OPTION 5: SA LTE
n28 703 – 748 MHz 758 – 803 MHz FDD
Rel-15, connected RADIO ACCESS NETWORK (RAN) STUDY ITEMS FOR NEW RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (TS)
n34 2010 – 2025 MHz 2010 – 2025 MHz TDD
5GC
it operates independent of the n38 2570 – 2620 MHz 2570 – 2620 MHz TDD
OPTION 4: NSA eLTE, OPTION 4A: NSA eLTE,
RAN1 TR 38.802
NR assisted, 5GC connected NR assisted, 5GC connected LTE 4G LTE network using a 5G TS 38.201 – TS 38.215 n39 1880 – 1920 MHz 1880 – 1920 MHz TDD Frequency Range 2 (FR2) - 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz
RADIO LAYER 1 Physical Layer Aspects n40 2300 – 2400 MHz 2300 – 2400 MHz TDD
NR base station referred to
EPC 5GC EPC 5GC

RAN2 TR 38.804 n41 2496 – 2690 MHz 2496 – 2690 MHz TDD OPERATING UPLINK (UL) BS DOWNLINK (DL) BS DUPLEX
as gNodeB. TS 38.300 – TS 38.331
eLTE NR

n50 1432 – 1517 MHz 1432 – 1517 MHz TDD

eLTE NR

RADIO LAYER 2 AND RADIO LAYER 3 Radio Interface Protocol Aspects BAND RECEIVE/UE TRANSMIT TRANSMIT/UE RECEIVE MODE
n51 1427 – 1432 MHz 1427 – 1432 MHz TDD
RAN3 TR 38.801 n66 1710 – 1780 MHz 2110 – 2200 MHz FDD n257 26.5 – 29.5 GHz 26.5 – 29.5 GHz TDD
TS 38.401 – TS 38.474 n70 1695 -1710 MHz 1995 – 2020 MHz FDD
RADIO NETWORK Radio Access Architecture and Interface
n71 663 – 698 MHz 617 – 652 MHz FDD n258 24.25 – 27.5 GHz 24.25 – 27.5 GHz TDD
RAN4 TR 38.803 n74 1427 – 1470 MHz 1475 – 1518 MHz FDD
TS 38.101 – TS 38.173 (+38.307) n260 37 – 40 GHz 37 – 40 GHz TDD
RADIO PERFORMANCE AND PROTOCOL RF and Coexistence Aspects n75 N/A 1432 – 1517 MHz SDL
n76 N/A 1427 – 1432 MHz SDL n261 27.5 – 28.35 GHz 27.5 – 28.35 GHz TDD
RAN5 MOBILE TERMINAL TR 38.903/905 UE Test Tolerances and Measurement
TS 38.508 – TS 38.533 n77 3300 – 4200 MHz 3300 – 4200 MHz TDD
CONFORMANCE TESTS Uncertainties for Conformance Tests 3GPP TS 38.101-1/2, 38.104-1/2
n78 3300 – 3800 MHz 3300 – 3800 MHz TDD

5G NR Tests
n79 4400 – 5000 MHz 4400 – 5000 MHz TDD
n80 1710 – 1785 MHz N/A SUL
n81 880 – 915 MHz N/A SUL
n82 832 – 862 MHz N/A SUL
DETERMINE THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS n83 703 – 748 MHz N/A SUL
n84 1920 – 1980 MHz N/A SUL

Base Station Tests

n86 1710 – 1780 MHz N/A SUL

3GPP RAN4 defines the minimum RAN4 Minimum Requirements

requirements for UEs and base stations. UNDERSTAND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BASE STATIONS
TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION
SPECIFICATION
RAN4 for base stations and RAN5 for UEs
determine the measurement uncertainty
(MU) and test tolerances (TT) for each test. TS 38.101-1
Radio Transmission and Reception; Part 1: Range 1
Standalone (FR1 Conducted)
Base station test requirements are determined by the reference point.
• Conducted Tests: Type 1-C at antenna connector and Type 1-H at the
TYPE 1C

EXTERNAL PA
CONDUCTED

EXTERNAL
Towards
antenna connector
Device Tests
UNDERSTAND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVICES
BS DEVICE
TS 38.101-2 Radio Transmission and Reception; Part 2: Range 2 transceiver array boundary (TAB) CABINET e.g.

Typically test requirement < minimum

TX FILTER
Standalone (FR2 Radiated)
requirement* UEs TS 38.101-3 Radio Transmission and Reception; Part 3: Range 1 • Radiated Tests: Type 1-H at the radiated interface boundary (RIB) TRANSMITTER
PORT A PORT B
5G NR devices introduce a huge matrix of conformance test requirements across frequencies, carrier aggregation
Range 2 Interworking Operation with other Radios and all Types 1-O and 2-O From
combinations, MIMO, and connectivity options.
antenna connector

0 ≤ TT ≤ MU (FR1 Conducted & FR2 Radiated) EXTERNAL LNA EXTERNAL

Radio Transmission and Reception; Part 4: Base Station Conformance Tests BS

CABINET
DEVICE
e.g.
Device conformance must also be validated by certification organizations such as GCF and PTCRB.
TS 38.101-4 RX FILTER
* Except for some regulatory test cases where TT=0 Performance Requirements
TS 38.141-1 Part 1: Conducted testing in FR1 RECEIVER
PORT A PORT B R&D, DVT, Pre-Conformance Conformance and Device Acceptance Device Conformance Tests
BASE Base Station Radio Transmission and Reception Part 2: Radiated testing for specific base station 5G NR UE Radio Transmission & Reception
TS 38.104 TS 38.141-2
STATIONS (FR1 Conducted and FR1 and FR2 Radiated) configurations in FR1 & FR2 TYPE 1H CONDUCTED AT TAB - OTA AT RIB 1. Range 1 Standalone – FR1 Conducted Tests
2. Range 2 Standalone – FR2 Radiated Tests
Transceiver Array Radiated Interface
TS 38.521-
Radiated Receiver Test Setup for Selectivity and Blocking Boundary (TAB)

#1
Boundary (RIB) Protocol
R&D
RF DVT Functional
KPI
Protocol
Conformance
RF/ RRM
Conformance
Device
Acceptance
5G MFG
1/2/3/4 3. Range 1 and 2 Interworking Operation with other
#2
RADIO
ANTENNA radios (NSA) – FR1 Conducted and FR2 Radiated
Test antenna polarization can be adjusted TRANSCEIVER DISTRIBUTION
Wanted Signal OTA Chamber ARRAY
UNIT ARRAY
#K
NETWORK
(AA) 4. Performance Requirements (SA and NSA) - FR1
Radiated Transmitter Test Setup for EIRP
(RDN)
SIGNAL Conducted and FR2 Radiated
Test System Calibrated Point
GENERATOR Composite Antenna
Compact Antenna Range (CATR) Chamber
5GS UE Protocol Conformance
Minimum requirement (RAN4) CW Interfering Signal NR BS
OTA AT RIB
TYPE 1-O & 2-O TS 38.523- 1. Protocol
θ
SIGNAL gNB or
Test tolerance MU GENERATOR Σ O φ
1/2/3 2. Applicability of Protocol Test Cases
Radiated Interface Emulator
Test antenna Boundary (RIB)

Test requirement RADIO Switch Unit +

3. Protocol Test Suites
Modulated Interfering Signal ANTENNA
NR BS Declared Coordinate TRANSCEIVER DISTRIBUTION
ARRAY Amplification
Reference Point & Orientation UNIT ARRAY NETWORK
SIGNAL (RDN)
(AA)
Signal Analyzer or 5G NR Radio Resource Management (RRM)
GENERATOR Power Meter
TS 38.533
(SA and NSA) - FR1 Conducted & FR2 Radiated
TS 38.141+2 Radiated Receiver Test

Keysight Solutions 5G New Radio Acronym Decoder

High-performance, multi-channel signal generation High-performance Cascaded chambers with PROPSIM 5G for R&D protocol, RF/RRM testing to conformance,
and analysis for 5G NR frequency and bandwidth coverage network analysis for evaluating beamforming tracking, throughput, device acceptance, and manufacturing 3GPP - Third Generation Partnership Project EIRP - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power MU - Measurement Uncertainty SDL - Supplemental Downlink

mmWave component and latency under real-world conditions 5G NR - 5th Generation New Radio EIS - Effective Isotropic Sensitivity NSA - Non-Standalone Mode SEM - Spectrum Emission Mask

ACLR - Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio EN-DC - E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity OOB - Out-of-Band SRS - Sound Reference Symbol
characterization and
ACS - Adjacent Channel Selectivity E-UTRA - Evolved UTRA OTA - Over-the-Air SS - Synchronization Symbol
OTA calibration AWGN - Additive White Gaussian Noise EVM - Error Vector Magnitude PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel SUL - Supplemental Uplink

Multi-Channel Microwave 89600 Vector Signal BS - Base Station FR1 - Frequency Range 1 PRB - Physical Resource Block TAB - Transceiver Array Boundary
Signal Generator (VXG) Analysis Software BW - Bandwidth FR2 - Frequency Range 2 PTCRB - PCS Type Certification Review Board TAE - Time Alignment Error
UXM 5G Wireless
Test Platform
BWP - Bandwidth Part FWA - Fixed Wireless Access PUCCH - Physical Uplink Control Channel TRP - Total Radiated Power http://www.keysight.com/find/5G
CA - Carrier Aggregation GCF - Global Certification Forum PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel TT - Test Tolerance

CC - Component Carrier gNB - gNodeB (5G NR Base Station) RAN - Radio Access Network Tx - Transmitter

PROPSIM 5G Channel Emulator 5G Protocol and RF/RRM

CP-OFDM - Cyclic Prefix-OFDM IBB - In-Band Blocking RIB - Radiated Interface Boundary UE - User Equipment
PNA-X Network Analyzer
CW - Continuous Wave LTE - Long Term Evolution Rx - Receiver UL - Uplink
Software Toolkits
DFT-s-OFDM - Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output SA - Standalone Mode
S9100A 5G Multi-Band 5G Multi-Channel EXM DL - Downlink mmWave - Millimeter-wave SCS - Sub-Carrier Spacing This information is subject to change without notice.
Vector Transceiver and Wireless Test Set
5G Waveform Generation and Analysis Testbed © Keysight Technologies, 2019, Published in USA, May 6, 2019, 5992-3844EN
Manufacturing Test Solution