Research Paper

Evaluation of Artocarpus Odoratissimus

(Marang) Seeds as an

Alternative Source of Flour

In partial fulfilment of the requirements in Research in

Daily Life 1

Submitted By:

Estrada, Princes Glaiza M.

Menes, Catherine Joy G.

Submitted to:

Sir Beo Jorma B. Bayle

 Chapter I: Introduction

Almost everyone nowadays relies on ready-made or factory-made, particularly groceries.

We can’t overlook the fact that we consume bread for breakfast and other flour-based products,
even if they’re very expensive for many people nowadays and the majority of them are people
who are constantly looking for money to meet their basic needs. All raw materials like flour
seem to increasing the price in the market.

Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) is not only as exotic as it sounds but also as it looks
and tastes. This tropical fruit which looks like jackfruit and seeded breadfruit, but it is great than
either of these. It contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, crude fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron,
retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid. The fruit has
also a strong scent especially when it is ripe. The seeds are also edible; these are boiled or
roasted and can be processed into flour.

Flour is a powdery substance. It is made by grinding cereal grains, seeds or roots from
other plant (like Cassava). It is the primary component in bread, hence its supply is critical. Flour
supply has been a serious economic and political at various periods throughout history. Flour
contains gluten which adds strength, gives better gas retention and elasticity which gives good
structure and uniform shape to bread, gives better water absorption and retention, improves yield,
product softness and extends shelf life of bread while enhancing its flavour. Unlike other seeds,
marang seeds contain less gluten which is a good thing because it is much safer and easier way to
have a good source of gluten.

Gluten is a composite formed from several different proteins. It is found most commonly
in wheat and other related grains, such as barley and rye. Adding texture and a characteristic
chewiness to baked goods, this ingredient is used in a wide variety of other foods as a thickener
and binder, flavour enhancer, and protein supplement. Gluten is also used on its own as a protein
supplement, particularly for people who do not have access to other protein sources. The protein
it contains also makes it useful in meat 4 substitutes, especially those used in vegan and
vegetarian diets. Imitation meats or wheat meats, such as seitan, are often made of concentrated
gluten.

Marang contains gluten which is a protein composite found in food processed from wheat
and related grain species, including barley and rye. It gives elasticity to dough, helping it to rise
and to keep its shape, and often gives the final product a chewy texture. Gluten is a source of
protein, both in foods prepared directly from sources containing it, and as an additive to foods
otherwise low in protein.

Chapter II: Research Methodology

In this part, the researchers outline the Research Approach, Data Collection, Methods and
Tools, and the Research Limitations of the study. The following structured questionnaires will be
answered in the Result and Discussion (Chapter III) of the research.

Research Approach:

The research approach to be used for the purpose of this research is the inductive one.
According to this approach, researchers begin with the specific ideas which are used to produce
general observations and conclusions drawn from the research.

Data collection, Methods and Tools:

As part of the data collection, method and tools, internet websites were involved as a
source of information for providing useful, which would be really important in this research. The
gathered data and information would be helpful for us researchers to conduct their study with the
related research topic.

As far as data collection tools are concerned, the conduction of the research has involved
the use of structured questionnaire which would be used as a guide for the researchers. Some
examples of structured questions are prepared below for the satisfaction of the research
objectives.

Some sample questions had been included in the structured questionnaire are the
following:

1. What is Marang fruit?

2. What is the importance of flour out of Marang Seeds?
3. What is the role of Marang Seeds in production of flour?
4. What are the minerals that can get in Marang Seeds?
5. How important it is to use a low-gluten flour?
 6. Are these ingredients used safe?
7. Is Marang fruit abundant in the Philippines?
8. Is it possible to use the seeds of Marang as a flour?
9. Can it help to lessen the risk of diseases from commercial flour?
10. Will the properties be the same as the commercial ones?

Research Limitations:

The research is limited to identifying specific observations and conclusions with regards
to “Evaluation of Artocarpus Odoratissimus (Marang) Seeds as an Alternative Source of
Flour .”
 Chapter III: Result and Discussion

Result:

1. The Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) is a tropical fruit tree native to Philippines. Like
the durian, it has this weird smell but less pungent. A cousin of the jackfruit, its soft and
sweet flesh is wrapped in a thick and thorny exterior.
2. Since Marang fruit is a cheap yet nutritious fruit, the marang seeds flour will improve the
nutrient values we could get from ordinary bread with less expense.
3. By toasting the boiled seed and grinding it until smooth, Marang seed can be used as an
alternate source of flour.
4. Marang contains less gluten which is a protein naturally found in some grains including
wheat, barley, and rye. Gluten is a source of protein, both in foods prepared directly from
sources containing it, and as an additive to foods otherwise low in protein.
5. Less-gluten flour is any flour with a protein and gluten below 13%. Gluten doesn’t
contain any essential nutrients, meaning it won’t benefit you in that way. The main
reason people avoid gluten is that they have either have an intolerance or allergy to it or
wheat, or they are trying to cut out carbs and lose weight.
6. Marang seeds are safe. The seeds can be eaten after being roasted or boiled.
7. Marang fruit is native to Philippines, particularly in Palawan. Marang are seasonal with
two main seasons; September-October and occasionally December.
8. Marang seed has the potential to be made as a flour and it can use as an alternative source
of flour. This seed contains carbohydrates, protein, and minerals.
9. Marang can lessen the risk of the disease from the commercial flour such as Escherichia
coli (E. coli). Flour doesn’t look like a raw food, but most flour is raw. That means it
hasn’t been treated to kill germs that cause food poisoning.
10. Marang seeds flour can be used in making product such as bread, hot cakes, and some
flour product but not in exactly taste of the normal commercial flour but it can give us
nutrients that we need every day such as carbohydrates, protein and fats.
Discussion

1.) That concerning with “What is taro leaves?” Taro leaves are the heart-shaped leaves
of the taro plant (Colocasia Esculenta), commonly grown in subtropical and tropical
regions, which explains why it is abundant in the Philippines. Over ten percent of the
world’s population uses taro as a staple food and taro leaves are used in addition to
the root for culinary and medicinal applications.

2.) That concerning with “What is the importance of Coconut oil in our skin?” Using
coconut oil serves lots of potential benefits in our skin, it reduce inflammation, it
hydrates and moisturized our skin, it helps to heal our wounds, it can help to treat
acne, it minimizes the look of fine lines and wrinkles and serves as a great base for
exfoliants.

3.) That concerning with “What is the role of Glycerin in our skin and to its
consistency?” Since Glycerin acts as a humectant it helps to add moisture and overall
hydration towards our skin, this type of moisturizing agent pulls water into the outer
layer of your skin from deeper levels of your skin. It also provides protection against
skin irritants and accelerates wound-healing processes. Given the fact that glycerin is
mostly used in making soaps and lotion, this helps to turn the mixture into a bar
without neglecting the natural properties that it has.

4.) That concerning with “What are the chemical components does taro leaves have that
can affect our skin?” Threonine is a chemical component that taro leaves has, which
is an amino acid. Amino Acids are the building blocks our body uses to make
proteins. Threonine is a principal part of structural proteins such as collagen and
elastin, which are important components of the skin connective tissue. It helps to stop
skin from wrinkling and rejuvenates our skin. Taro leaves are also rich in several
 important micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin A, folate, and calcium, as well
as disease-fighting antioxidants which promote overall well-being.

5.) That concerning with “Are these ingredients used safe and effective?” These
ingredients are all came from nature which are purely natural and safe, each
ingredients contains various chemical components that has been said that it
contributes to the beautification of our skin.

6.) That concerning with “Are Taro leaves and Coconut oil abundant in the Philippines?”
The main advantage of making this product is that, the ingredients used are mainly
cultivated in the Philippines. It has been said that Taro leaves and coconut oil were
one of the major agricultural products in the Philippines and has been a great source
of income and it has been helping our economy in various ways.

7.) That concerning with “Is it possible to use the leaves of Taro to rejuvenate our skin?”
It is possible to use taro leaves to rejuvenate our skin, it has been said that taro leaves
has threonine which is an amino acids, and this protein helps to prevent skin from
wrinkling and helps to rejuvenate our skin.

8.) That concerning with “How important it is to rejuvenate our skin?” Skin rejuvenation
is undeniably pivotal in different aspects because it’ll cause your face and skin to
appear more youthful. It helps to make you look and feel younger by improving the
natural glow of your skin. Some textual irregularities like wrinkles, acne scars,
freckles and sunspots, and cellulite can all be corrected with skin rejuvenation.

9.) That concerning with “Can it help to lessen different kinds of skin problems like
breakouts and acne?” The main objective of using taro leaves and coconut oil with
glycerin is to serve as a natural treatment to those who are experiencing various skin
problems including breakouts and acne because these ingredients are composed of
natural components that can make our skin a lot better.
10.) That concerning with “Will it give changes in your skin and can it maintain the
changes that occurred?” Using this product will greatly have changes on your skin
simply because these combined ingredients contain lots of natural chemical
components. It helps to keep the changes which can prevent our skin from wrinkles,
the protein compound that one of the ingredients has can make elastin and collagen
which are good for healthy skin. And above all, it has anti-microbial properties that
can help treat acne and protect the skin from harmful bacteria.
 Chapter IV: Conclusion

Based from the results of the foregoing study, the researchers conclude that taro leaves,
coconut oil and glycerine are a good combination that helps in rejuvenating our skin. The
chemical components greatly help in adding to its consistency and effectiveness, the
threonine in taro serves as a principal structure of protein such as collagen and elastin which
is essential in our skin. Coconut oil minimizes the look of wrinkles and inflammation and
glycerine serves as a humectant which makes our skin soft.

The researcher used Taro Leaves, Coconut Oil and Glycerine as an alternative source of
making a rejuvenating soap. The researcher was beyond concern with the increasing number
of people, especially teenagers having breakouts and acne that loses their confidence. Most
of them cannot afford such expensive skincare products these days which explains why half
of the population are experiencing this current problem. And this product serves as a hope for
them to attain the good skin they deserve simply because these are all came from nature and
are not pricey. Upon thorough research, the proponent evaluates a rejuvenating soap using
Colocasia Esculenta (Taro Leaves), Cocos Nucifera Oil (Coconut oil) and glycerine.