BRIDGE NO: 1A

CHAINAGE: -290.00
SOIL PROPERTIES
Angle of internal friction ( f ) = 35.000 Degree
Angle of wall friction ( d ) = 11.667 Degree
Slope of wall with respect to verti = 0.000 Degree
Slope of earth fill ( i ) = 0.000 Degree
Horizontal seismic coeff. = 0.048
Vertical seismic coeff. = 0.024
Cofficient of active earth pressure = 0.251
CALCULATION OF Ka
Value Of DEGREE RADIAN
f = 35.000 0.6
d = 11.7 0.2
a = 0.000 0
i = 0.000 0
av = 0.024 0.024
ah = 0.05 0.05
l1 = 2.684 0.047
l2 = 2.816 0.049
Ka= cos2( f-a )
cos2a x cos(a-d )x[1+{sin(f+d)xsin(f-i)/cos(a+d)xcos(a-i)}1/2]2

0.67101 0.979341 2.731387

Ka= 0.251

Cofficient of static earth pressure 'Ks'

Ks= (1-sinφ) = 0.426

MAIN GEOMETRY OF SINGLE CELL BOX

Clear length of cell of box = 2 m
Clear height of box = 2 m
Thickness of left vertical wall = 0.4 m
Thickness of right vertical wall = 0.4 m
Thickness of top slab = 0.4 m
Thickness of bottom slab = 0.4 m
Height of fill = 0.41 m
Barrel length = 20.29 m

G.L

0.41

0.4 m

2 m
0.4 0.4

2 m

0.4 m

GEOMETRY OF BOX FOR STAAD PROG.

LOADED SPAN 2.8 M

Length of cell of box = 2.4 M
Height of box = 2.4 M
 G.L
0.61 m

2 2 3 Red Nodes
Blue Members
2.4 m

1 3

1 4

2.4 m
NOTE:- Provide springs in the base as
1. At corners
2. At the pts of faces of walls.
3. Distance between remaining nodes = 0.4 m

Therefore, number of springs = 8

CALCULATION OF SPRING CONSTANTS

S.B.C for design = 20 Mt/m2

Assume settlement below foundation = 25 mm
Therefore Mod. Of subgrade rxn 'K' = P/Δ = 800 Mt/m2/m
Spring constant = Force req. to cause unit deflection.
Spring constant Kfy = K x A
Generally Kfx = 0.5 Kfy
Area 'A' = (Half distance on either side of spring) x (width)
And width is kept as 1m.

Distance Kfy = K x Kfx 'X' co-

Node Area 'A'
S.No covered A (Mt/m) (Mt/m) ordinates
1 1 0.1 0.1 80 40 0.0
2 2 0.3 0.3 240 120 0.2
3 3 0.4 0.4 320 160 0.6
4 4 0.4 0.4 320 160 1
5 5 0.4 0.4 320 160 1.4
6 6 0.4 0.4 320 160 1.8
7 7 0.3 0.3 240 120 2.2
8 8 0.1 0.1 80 40 2.4

section for top member for bending moment 0.083 0.917 ** values in blues are the fractional
length of the member
section for side member for bending moment 0.083 0.917

section for top member forshear force 0.216 0.784

section for side member for shear force 0.215 0.785

LIVE LOAD CALCULATIONS
A). IRS LOADING

Calculations of dispersion length

1.676 m

0.235 m
0.347 m
2.75 m
0.41 m 0.00 m

0.4 m
0.757
L

2m

0.4 m 10.781
20.29 m

Depth of rail = 0.156 m

Depth of sleeper = 0.235 m
Length of sleeper = 2.75 m
Depth of ballast = (0.738-(rail ht +sleeper ht)) 0.347 m
Depth of blanket fill = 0.41 m
Total depth of ballast and fill = 0.757 m
As per Bridge Rules clause 2.3.4.2.a dispersion occurs at slope not greater
than half horizontal to one vertical in case of ballast and fill.
Total length for dispersion on either side of sleeper through fill and ballast = 0.757 m
As per Bridge Rules clause 2.3.4.2.b dispersion through RCC slab should be done
up to 1/4 span on each side of the loaded area.
Length of loaded area = 2 m ( CLEAR SPAN IS CONSIDERED )
Therefore, 1/4 length of loaded area = 0.5 m
Total length for dispersion on either side of rails through slab = 1 m

Therefore total dispersion length = 4.507 m

LIVE LOAD CALCULATION

Total load for bending moment for one track from APPENDIX 2.8 M = 54.06 t
Total load for shear force for one track APPENDIX XII 2.8 M = 67.26 t
Governing load for one track = Maximum of EUDL for BM or S 2.8 M = 67.26 t
Governing load for one track = 67.26 t
C.D.A (as per clause 2.4.2.1 (a) of bridge rules) = 0.772
Live load dispersion width = 4.5 m
Live load intensity after dispersion = 11.020 t/m
LONGITUDINAL FORCE
As per code for a loaded length of2.8m
Tractive effort = 20 Mt
Braking force = 12.5 Mt

Therefore, longitudinal force = 20 t

As per clause 2.8.3.2 dispersion of longitudinal force is taken as 25% of tractive effort
and subject to mimimum of 16 Mt for BG.
25% of tractive effort = 5 Mt
AFter Dispertion 4.437542
So, longitudinal force after dispersion = 5 Mt/m

APPLICATION OF LONG. FORCE FOR STAAD (If applicable)

4.167
5
Height of fill at top of box = 0.41 m
Height of earth at bottom of box = 3.21 m
Density of soil = 1.8 Mt/m3
CALCULATION OF LOADS
Number of tracks = 3
Value of cofficient of active earth pressure 'Ka' = 0.251
Value of cofficient of static earth pressure 'Ks' = 0.426

DEAD LOAD CALCULATIONS

1. SELF WEIGHT OF BOX.
Density of concrete = 2.5 Mt/m3

2. DEAD LOAD OVER TOP MEMBER.

3.7

0.738 m

4.5

a). Dead load of rails/m

No. of rails = 2
Weight of each rail = 0.052 Mt/m
Dead load of rails = 0.104 Mt/m

b). Dead load of sleeper/m

Sleeper density per meter run = 1.6 sleepers/meter

Volume of sleeper = 0.145 m3
Unit weight of concrete = 2.5 Mt/m3
Dead load of sleeper/m = 0.58 Mt/m

c). Dead load of ballast/m

Unit weight of ballast = 2.2 Mt/m3

Height of ballast = 0.347 m
Volume of ballast/m = 1.4227 m3/m
Dead load of ballast/m = 3.12994 Mt/m
Total dead load of formation/m = 3.81394 Mt/m
But minimum value of dead load/m = 6.8 Mt/m

Dead load of ballast over a width of 1m,

= (Max(Total DL of ballast OR 6.8Mt)/DISPERTION WIDTH 1.5087641 Mt/m
d). Dead Load of FILL or Blanket incl. boulder layer/m
Unit weight of blanket material for meter run = 1.8 Mt/m3
Height of fill = 0.41 m
Dead load of FILL blanket = 0.738 Mt/m

Therefore total dead load intensity = 2.25 Mt/m

3. EARTH PRESSURE (Active case)

Value of ka = 0.251
Height of earth fill at top of box = 0.41 m
Height of earth fill at bottom of box = 3.21 m

Ordinate at top of box = ka x Υ x h1 = 0.1851264 Mt/m

Ordinate at bottom of box = ka x Υ x h2 = 1.449 Mt/m

0.41

0.185126 0.185126
3.21

1.449 1.449

4. EARTH PRESSURE (Static case)

Value of ks = 0.426
Height of earth fill at top of box = 0.41 m
Height of earth fill at bottom of box = 3.21 m

Ordinate at top of box = ks x Υ x h1 = 0.3147006 Mt/m

Ordinate at bottom of box = ks x Υ x h2 = 2.464 Mt/m

0.41

0.314701 0.314701
3.21

2.464 2.464
5. Dead load surcharge (Active case)

Dead load surcharge 'V' = 6.8 Mt/m

Width of uniform distribution of surcharge at form. Level, B = 3 m

Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.41 m
Dead load surcharge V= 6.8 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 0 Mt/m
Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/B = 0.500 Mt/m
Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.294 Mt/m

0.500 0.500

0.294 0.294

6. Dead load surcharge (Static case)

Dead load surcharge V= 6.8 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 0 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.41 m
Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/B = 0.850 Mt/m
Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.499 Mt/m

0.850 0.850

0.499 0.499

7. Live load surcharge (Active case), one side only.

Dead load surcharge V= 6.8 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 15.8 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.41 m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/B = 1.663 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.976 Mt/m

1.663 2.638

0.976 0
8. Live load surcharge (Static case), one side only.
Dead load surcharge V= 6.8 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 15.8 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.41 m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/B = 2.826 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/(B+H) = 1.659 Mt/m

2.826 4.485

1.659 0

9. Live load surcharge (Active case), both sides.

Dead load surcharge V= 6.8 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 15.8 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.41 m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/B = 1.663 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.976 Mt/m

1.663 1.663

0.976 0.976

10. Live load surcharge (Static case), both sides.

Dead load surcharge V= 6.8 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 15.8 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.41 m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/B = 2.826 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/(B+H) = 1.659 Mt/m

2.826 2.826

1.659 1.659
STAAD PLANE
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES

1 0 0 0 ;
2 0.2 0 0 ;
3 0.6 0 0 ;
4 1 0 0 ;
5 1.4 0 0 ;
6 1.8 0 0 ;
7 2.2 0 0 ;
8 2.4 0 0 ;
9 0 2.4 0 ;
10 2.4 2.4 0 ;

MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2 ;
2 2 3 ;
3 3 4 ;
4 4 5 ;
5 5 6 ;
6 6 7 ;
7 7 8 ;
8 9 10 ;
9 1 9 ;
10 8 10 ;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.96e+006
POISSON 0.15
DENSITY 2.5
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
9 10 PRIS YD 0.4 ZD 1
8 PRIS YD 0.4 ZD 1
1 TO 7 PRIS YD 0.4 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE MEMB 1 TO 10
SUPPORTS
1 8 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ KFX 40 KFY 80
2 7 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ KFX 120 KFY 240
3 TO 6 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ KFX 160 KFY 320
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE SELF WEIGHT
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE None TITLE SIDL TOP
MEMBER LOAD
8 UNI GY -2.25
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE None TITLE EARTH PRESSURE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
9 TRAP Y -1.4494043 -0.1851264059 0 2.4
10 TRAP Y 1.4494043 0.1851264059 0 2.4
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE None TITLE EARTH PRESSURE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
9 TRAP Y -2.4638754 -0.31470059 0 2.4
10 TRAP Y 2.46387535 0.31470059 0 2.4
LOAD 5 LOADTYPE None TITLE DL SURCHARGE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
9 LIN Y -0.2935924 -0.500226323
10 LIN Y 0.29 0.500
LOAD 6 LOADTYPE None TITLE DL SURCHARGE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
9 LIN Y -0.4990844 -0.850
10 LIN Y 0.499 0.850
LOAD 7 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE ONE SIDE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
9 LIN Y -0.9757629 -1.6625168969
10 TRAP Y 0 2.6382798261 0 2.4
LOAD 8 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE ONE SIDE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
9 LIN Y -1.6587216 -2.8262
10 TRAP Y 0 4.4848719118 0 2.4
LOAD 9 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE BOTH SIDE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
9 LIN Y -0.9758 -1.66
10 LIN Y 0.97576 1.66
LOAD 10 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE BOTH SIDE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
9 LIN Y -1.6587 -2.83
10 LIN Y 1.65872 2.83
LOAD 11 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL (EUDL)
MEMBER LOAD
8 UNI GY -11.02
LOAD 12 LOADTYPE None TITLE LONG. FORCE (IF APPLICABLE)
JOINT LOAD
9 FX 5
MEMBER LOAD
10 TRAP Y 0 4.1667 0

*SLS Dead Load only

LOAD COMBINATION 101

1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 102
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0

*SLS Dead and live Load

LOAD COMBINATION 201
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 202
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 7 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 203
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 7 1.0 11 1.1 12 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 204
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 9 1.0 11 1.1 12 1.1
*(Static)
LOAD COMBINATION 205
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 206
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 8 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 207
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 8 1.0 11 1.1 12 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 208
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 10 1.0 11 1.1 12 1.1
*ULS COMBINATIONS
*(Active)
LOAD COMBINATION 301
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 302
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 7 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 303
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 7 1.7 11 2.0 12 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 304
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 9 1.7 11 2.0 12 2.0
*(Static)
LOAD COMBINATION 305
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 306
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 8 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 307
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 8 1.7 11 2.0 12 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 308
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 10 1.7 11 2.0 12 2.0
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 101 102 201 TO 208 301 TO 308

*For section bending moment at Top member

SECTION 0.08333333 0.9166666667 MEMB 8
PRINT MEMBER SECTION FORCES LIST 8
*For section bending moment at side member
SECTION 0.08333333 0.9166666667 MEMB 9 10
PRINT MEMBER SECTION FORCES LIST 9 10
*For section shear forcet at Top member
SECTION 0.21625 0.78375 MEMB 8
PRINT MEMBER SECTION FORCES LIST 8
*For section shear force at side member
SECTION 0.21541667 0.7845833333 MEMB 9 10
PRINT MEMBER SECTION FORCES LIST 9 10
PRINT MAXFORCE ENVELOPE
FINISH
 BEARING PRESSURE CALCULATION

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment

Node Load Case Fx( Mton) Fy (Mton) Fz ( Mton) Mx( Mton-m)
1 204 0 1.457 0 0
2 204 -0.001 4.577 0 0
3 204 -0.001 6.648 0 0
4 204 -0.001 7.207 0 0
5 204 -0.001 7.789 0 0
6 204 0 8.396 0 0
7 204 0 6.765 0 0
8 208 0 2.332 0 0

Maximum Value of Fy = 8.396 Mton

Average Bearing Pressure = 18.821 Mton/m2

Maximum Bearing Pressure = 20.990 Mton/m2

 Moment
My( Mton-m) Mz( Mton-m)
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
STAAD OUTPUT RESULTS

ULTIMATE MOMENT (top rinf.) ULTIMATE MOMENT (bot.rienf) SHEAR

MEMBER SLS (DL) SLS (DL+LL) ULS SLS (DL) SLS (DL+LL) ULS ULS
Top Member 0.45 2.83 5.06 1.6 6.79 11.97 21.42
Load Combination 102 208 308 101 204 304 308
Member No 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Bottom Member 2.2 7.464 12.924 0.676 2.406 4.19 24.977
Load Combination 101 204 304 102 208 308 308
Member No 4 4 4 1 1 1 1
Side Member 1.38 5.01 8.69 0.1 0.97 1.8 9.24
Load Combination 102 208 308 101 206 306 308
Member No 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
MEMB LOAD SEC SHEAR-Y SHEAR-Z MOM-Y MOM-Z

8 101 0.08 2.99 0 0 0.21

0.92 -2.99 0 0 0.2
102 0.08 2.99 0 0 0.38
0.92 -2.99 0 0 0.38
201 0.08 2.99 0 0 0.21
0.92 -2.99 0 0 0.2
202 0.08 3.21 0 0 0.8
0.92 -2.77 0 0 0.36
203 0.08 16.55 0 0 -0.21
0.92 -19.54 0 0 2.78
204 0.08 16.33 0 0 -0.44
0.92 -19.75 0 0 2.99
205 0.08 2.99 0 0 0.38
0.92 -2.99 0 0 0.38
206 0.08 3.36 0 0 1.38
0.92 -2.62 0 0 0.64
207 0.08 16.7 0 0 0.38
0.92 -19.38 0 0 3.06
208 0.08 16.33 0 0 -0.01
0.92 -19.75 0 0 3.41
301 0.08 4.72 0 0 0.37
0.92 -4.72 0 0 0.37
302 0.08 5.09 0 0 1.38
0.92 -4.35 0 0 0.64
303 0.08 29.34 0 0 -0.45
0.92 -34.83 0 0 5.04
304 0.08 28.97 0 0 -0.84
0.92 -35.2 0 0 5.39
305 0.08 4.72 0 0 0.66
0.92 -4.72 0 0 0.66
306 0.08 5.35 0 0 2.37
0.92 -4.09 0 0 1.11
307 0.08 29.59 0 0 0.54
0.92 -34.57 0 0 5.52
308 0.08 28.97 0 0 -0.12
0.92 -35.2 0 0 6.11

9 101 0.08 1.46 0 0 1.21

 0.92 -0.69 0 0 0.71
102 0.08 2.3 0 0 1.21
0.92 -1.35 0 0 0.74
201 0.08 1.46 0 0 1.21
0.92 -0.69 0 0 0.71
202 0.08 2.61 0 0 1.05
0.92 -2.47 0 0 0.95
203 0.08 3.76 0 0 5.54
0.92 -1.33 0 0 3.15
204 0.08 3.98 0 0 5.75
0.92 -1.11 0 0 2.92
205 0.08 2.3 0 0 1.21
0.92 -1.35 0 0 0.74
206 0.08 4.26 0 0 0.93
0.92 -4.39 0 0 1.15
207 0.08 5.41 0 0 5.42
0.92 -3.25 0 0 3.34
208 0.08 5.78 0 0 5.78
0.92 -2.87 0 0 2.95
301 0.08 2.4 0 0 1.81
0.92 -1.25 0 0 1.14
302 0.08 4.36 0 0 1.54
0.92 -4.29 0 0 1.55
303 0.08 6.45 0 0 9.7
0.92 -2.2 0 0 5.53
304 0.08 6.82 0 0 10.06
0.92 -1.83 0 0 5.15
305 0.08 3.82 0 0 1.82
0.92 -2.39 0 0 1.19
306 0.08 7.15 0 0 1.35
0.92 -7.55 0 0 1.88
307 0.08 9.24 0 0 9.51
0.92 -5.46 0 0 5.87
308 0.08 9.88 0 0 10.12
0.92 -4.83 0 0 5.21

10 101 0.08 -1.47 0 0 -1.21

0.92 0.69 0 0 -0.71
102 0.08 -2.3 0 0 -1.21
0.92 1.35 0 0 -0.74
201 0.08 -1.47 0 0 -1.21
0.92 0.69 0 0 -0.71
202 0.08 -2.81 0 0 -1.51
 0.92 2.28 0 0 -0.45
203 0.08 -3.91 0 0 -4.25
0.92 7.3 0 0 -5.41
204 0.08 -3.94 0 0 -4
0.92 7.27 0 0 -5.68
205 0.08 -2.3 0 0 -1.21
0.92 1.35 0 0 -0.74
206 0.08 -4.58 0 0 -1.72
0.92 4.07 0 0 -0.3
207 0.08 -5.68 0 0 -4.46
0.92 9.08 0 0 -5.25
208 0.08 -5.73 0 0 -4.03
0.92 9.03 0 0 -5.72
301 0.08 -2.41 0 0 -1.82
0.92 1.25 0 0 -1.14
302 0.08 -4.7 0 0 -2.33
0.92 3.96 0 0 -0.69
303 0.08 -6.69 0 0 -7.31
0.92 13.08 0 0 -9.7
304 0.08 -6.74 0 0 -6.88
0.92 13.03 0 0 -10.17
305 0.08 -3.82 0 0 -1.82
0.92 2.39 0 0 -1.19
306 0.08 -7.71 0 0 -2.69
0.92 7 0 0 -0.43
307 0.08 -9.71 0 0 -7.67
0.92 16.11 0 0 -9.45
308 0.08 -9.78 0 0 -6.94
0.92 16.03 0 0 -10.24

8 101 0.21 2.05 0 0 -0.59

0.79 -2.05 0 0 -0.59
102 0.21 2.05 0 0 -0.42
0.79 -2.05 0 0 -0.42
201 0.21 2.05 0 0 -0.59
0.79 -2.05 0 0 -0.59
202 0.21 2.27 0 0 -0.07
0.79 -1.83 0 0 -0.37
203 0.21 10.86 0 0 -4.53
0.79 -13.85 0 0 -2.48
204 0.21 10.64 0 0 -4.69
0.79 -14.07 0 0 -2.34
205 0.21 2.05 0 0 -0.42
 0.79 -2.05 0 0 -0.42
206 0.21 2.42 0 0 0.47
0.79 -1.68 0 0 -0.04
207 0.21 11.01 0 0 -3.99
0.79 -13.7 0 0 -2.15
208 0.21 10.64 0 0 -4.26
0.79 -14.07 0 0 -1.91
301 0.21 3.23 0 0 -0.88
0.79 -3.23 0 0 -0.88
302 0.21 3.6 0 0 0.01
0.79 -2.86 0 0 -0.5
303 0.21 19.23 0 0 -8.1
0.79 -24.72 0 0 -4.34
304 0.21 18.86 0 0 -8.37
0.79 -25.09 0 0 -4.11
305 0.21 3.23 0 0 -0.59
0.79 -3.23 0 0 -0.59
306 0.21 3.86 0 0 0.92
0.79 -2.6 0 0 0.06
307 0.21 19.49 0 0 -7.19
0.79 -24.46 0 0 -3.78
308 0.21 18.86 0 0 -7.65
0.79 -25.09 0 0 -3.38

9 101 0.21 1.01 0 0 0.82

0.79 -0.46 0 0 0.53
102 0.21 1.53 0 0 0.61
0.79 -0.97 0 0 0.38
201 0.21 1.01 0 0 0.82
0.79 -0.46 0 0 0.53
202 0.21 1.79 0 0 0.35
0.79 -1.69 0 0 0.3
203 0.21 2.94 0 0 4.48
0.79 -0.54 0 0 2.85
204 0.21 3.16 0 0 4.62
0.79 -0.32 0 0 2.69
205 0.21 1.53 0 0 0.61
0.79 -0.97 0 0 0.38
206 0.21 2.86 0 0 -0.19
0.79 -3.06 0 0 -0.02
207 0.21 4.01 0 0 3.94
0.79 -1.91 0 0 2.53
208 0.21 4.38 0 0 4.18
 0.79 -1.54 0 0 2.26
301 0.21 1.64 0 0 1.18
0.79 -0.87 0 0 0.81
302 0.21 2.97 0 0 0.39
0.79 -2.96 0 0 0.41
303 0.21 5.05 0 0 7.89
0.79 -0.87 0 0 5.05
304 0.21 5.43 0 0 8.13
0.79 -0.5 0 0 4.78
305 0.21 2.52 0 0 0.82
0.79 -1.73 0 0 0.54
306 0.21 4.78 0 0 -0.53
0.79 -5.29 0 0 -0.14
307 0.21 6.87 0 0 6.97
0.79 -3.2 0 0 4.5
308 0.21 7.51 0 0 7.38
0.79 -2.57 0 0 4.04

10 101 0.21 -1.02 0 0 -0.82

0.79 0.46 0 0 -0.53
102 0.21 -1.53 0 0 -0.61
0.79 0.97 0 0 -0.38
201 0.21 -1.02 0 0 -0.82
0.79 0.46 0 0 -0.53
202 0.21 -2.22 0 0 -0.72
0.79 1.27 0 0 0.11
203 0.21 -3.03 0 0 -3.15
0.79 4.64 0 0 -3.54
204 0.21 -2.83 0 0 -2.93
0.79 4.85 0 0 -3.78
205 0.21 -1.53 0 0 -0.61
0.79 0.97 0 0 -0.38
206 0.21 -3.58 0 0 -0.43
0.79 2.34 0 0 0.71
207 0.21 -4.39 0 0 -2.87
0.79 5.72 0 0 -2.93
208 0.21 -4.05 0 0 -2.48
0.79 6.07 0 0 -3.35
301 0.21 -1.64 0 0 -1.18
0.79 0.86 0 0 -0.8
302 0.21 -3.69 0 0 -1.01
0.79 2.24 0 0 0.28
303 0.21 -5.17 0 0 -5.43
 0.79 8.37 0 0 -6.34
304 0.21 -4.82 0 0 -5.05
0.79 8.72 0 0 -6.76
305 0.21 -2.52 0 0 -0.82
0.79 1.73 0 0 -0.54
306 0.21 -6.01 0 0 -0.53
0.79 4.06 0 0 1.3
307 0.21 -7.48 0 0 -4.95
0.79 10.2 0 0 -5.32
308 0.21 -6.89 0 0 -4.3
0.79 10.79 0 0 -6.02

1 101 0 0.603 0 0
102 0 0.602 0 0
201 0 0.603 0 0
202 0 0.703 0 0
203 0 1.636 0 0
204 0 1.536 0 0
205 0 0.602 0 0
206 0 0.771 0 0
207 0 1.705 0 0
208 0 1.534 0 0
2 101 0 1.805 0 0
102 0 1.803 0 0
201 0 1.805 0 0
202 0 2.054 0 0
203 0 5.134 0 0
204 0 4.884 0 0
205 0 1.803 0 0
206 -0.001 2.227 0 0
207 -0.001 5.307 0 0
 208 -0.001 4.881 0 0
3 101 0.001 2.396 0 0
102 0 2.395 0 0
201 0.001 2.396 0 0
202 0.001 2.596 0 0
203 0.001 7.446 0 0
204 0.001 7.246 0 0
205 0 2.395 0 0
206 0 2.736 0 0
207 -0.001 7.585 0 0
208 -0.001 7.246 0 0
4 101 0.001 2.389 0 0
102 0 2.39 0 0
201 0.001 2.389 0 0
202 0.001 2.457 0 0
203 0.001 8.061 0 0
204 0.001 7.994 0 0
205 0 2.39 0 0
206 0 2.505 0 0
207 0 8.109 0 0
208 0 7.996 0 0
5 101 0.001 2.388 0 0
102 0 2.39 0 0
201 0.001 2.388 0 0
202 0.001 2.323 0 0
203 0.001 8.702 0 0
204 0.001 8.769 0 0
205 0 2.39 0 0
206 0 2.279 0 0
207 0 8.658 0 0
208 0 8.771 0 0
6 101 0.001 2.394 0 0
102 0 2.395 0 0
201 0.001 2.394 0 0
202 0.001 2.195 0 0
203 0.001 9.372 0 0
204 0.001 9.571 0 0
205 0 2.395 0 0
206 0 2.056 0 0
207 0.001 9.233 0 0
208 0.001 9.573 0 0
7 101 0.001 1.803 0 0
102 0 1.803 0 0
 201 0.001 1.803 0 0
202 0.001 1.551 0 0
203 0.001 7.546 0 0
204 0.001 7.796 0 0
205 0 1.803 0 0
206 0.001 1.376 0 0
207 0.001 7.37 0 0
208 0.001 7.796 0 0
8 101 0 0.602 0 0
102 0 0.602 0 0
201 0 0.602 0 0
202 0 0.501 0 0
203 0 2.602 0 0
204 0 2.702 0 0
205 0 0.602 0 0
206 0 0.43 0 0
207 0 2.531 0 0
208 0 2.702 0 0

1 101 0 0.674 0
102 0 0.673 0
201 0 0.674 0
202 0 0.766 0
203 0 1.55 0
204 0 1.457 0
205 0 0.673 0
206 0 0.831 0
207 0 1.615 0
208 0 1.457 0
2 101 -0.001 2.016 0
102 0 2.017 0
201 -0.001 2.016 0
202 -0.001 2.248 0
203 -0.001 4.81 0
204 -0.001 4.577 0
205 0 2.017 0
206 -0.001 2.41 0
207 -0.001 4.972 0
208 -0.001 4.576 0
3 101 -0.001 2.677 0
102 0 2.678 0
201 -0.001 2.677 0
 202 -0.001 2.863 0
203 -0.001 6.834 0
204 -0.001 6.648 0
205 0 2.678 0
206 0 2.995 0
207 -0.001 6.966 0
208 -0.001 6.65 0
4 101 -0.001 2.67 0
102 0 2.672 0
201 -0.001 2.67 0
202 -0.001 2.734 0
203 -0.001 7.269 0
204 -0.001 7.207 0
205 0 2.672 0
206 0 2.779 0
207 0 7.314 0
208 0 7.209 0
5 101 -0.001 2.671 0
102 0 2.672 0
201 -0.001 2.671 0
202 -0.001 2.61 0
203 -0.001 7.727 0
204 -0.001 7.789 0
205 0 2.672 0
206 0 2.569 0
207 0 7.685 0
208 0 7.79 0
6 101 -0.001 2.679 0
102 0 2.678 0
201 -0.001 2.679 0
202 -0.001 2.493 0
203 0 8.21 0
204 0 8.396 0
205 0 2.678 0
206 0 2.363 0
207 0 8.08 0
208 0.001 8.395 0
7 101 0 2.018 0
102 0 2.017 0
201 0 2.018 0
202 0 1.785 0
203 0 6.532 0
204 0 6.765 0
 205 0 2.017 0
206 0.001 1.619 0
207 0.001 6.367 0
208 0.001 6.762 0
8 101 0 0.674 0
102 0 0.673 0
201 0 0.674 0
202 0 0.58 0
203 0 2.24 0
204 0 2.333 0
205 0 0.673 0
206 0 0.514 0
207 0 2.174 0
208 0 2.332 0
MEMB LOAD SEC SHEAR-Y MAX SHEAR-Y MOM-Z MAX MOM-Z

8
2.99 35.2 0.21 6.11
2.99 0.2
2.99 0.38
2.99 0.38
2.99 0.21
2.99 0.2
3.21 0.8
2.77 0.36
16.55 0.21
19.54 2.78
16.33 0.44
19.75 2.99
2.99 0.38
2.99 0.38
3.36 1.38
2.62 0.64
16.7 0.38
19.38 3.06
16.33 0.01
19.75 3.41
4.72 0.37
4.72 0.37
5.09 1.38
4.35 0.64
29.34 0.45
34.83 5.04
28.97 0.84
35.2 5.39
4.72 0.66
4.72 0.66
5.35 2.37
4.09 1.11
29.59 0.54
34.57 5.52
28.97 0.12
35.2 6.11

1.46 9.88 1.21 10.12

0.69 0.71
2.3 1.21
1.35 0.74
1.46 1.21
0.69 0.71
2.61 1.05
2.47 0.95
3.76 5.54
1.33 3.15
3.98 5.75
1.11 2.92
2.3 1.21
1.35 0.74
4.26 0.93
4.39 1.15
5.41 5.42
3.25 3.34
5.78 5.78
2.87 2.95
2.4 1.81
1.25 1.14
4.36 1.54
4.29 1.55
6.45 9.7
2.2 5.53
6.82 10.06
1.83 5.15
3.82 1.82
2.39 1.19
7.15 1.35
7.55 1.88
9.24 9.51
5.46 5.87
9.88 10.12
4.83 5.21

1.47 16.11 1.21 10.24

0.69 0.71
2.3 1.21
1.35 0.74
1.47 1.21
0.69 0.71
2.81 1.51
 2.28 0.45
3.91 4.25
7.3 5.41
3.94 4
7.27 5.68
2.3 1.21
1.35 0.74
4.58 1.72
4.07 0.3
5.68 4.46
9.08 5.25
5.73 4.03
9.03 5.72
2.41 1.82
1.25 1.14
4.7 2.33
3.96 0.69
6.69 7.31
13.08 9.7
6.74 6.88
13.03 10.17
3.82 1.82
2.39 1.19
7.71 2.69
7 0.43
9.71 7.67
16.11 9.45
9.78 6.94
16.03 10.24

2.05 25.09 0.59 8.37

2.05 0.59
2.05 0.42
2.05 0.42
2.05 0.59
2.05 0.59
2.27 0.07
1.83 0.37
10.86 4.53
13.85 2.48
10.64 4.69
14.07 2.34
2.05 0.42
2.05 0.42
2.42 0.47
1.68 0.04
11.01 3.99
13.7 2.15
10.64 4.26
14.07 1.91
3.23 0.88
3.23 0.88
3.6 0.01
2.86 0.5
19.23 8.1
24.72 4.34
18.86 8.37
25.09 4.11
3.23 0.59
3.23 0.59
3.86 0.92
2.6 0.06
19.49 7.19
24.46 3.78
18.86 7.65
25.09 3.38

1.01 7.51 0.82 8.13

0.46 0.53
1.53 0.61
0.97 0.38
1.01 0.82
0.46 0.53
1.79 0.35
1.69 0.3
2.94 4.48
0.54 2.85
3.16 4.62
0.32 2.69
1.53 0.61
0.97 0.38
2.86 0.19
3.06 0.02
4.01 3.94
1.91 2.53
4.38 4.18
1.54 2.26
1.64 1.18
0.87 0.81
2.97 0.39
2.96 0.41
5.05 7.89
0.87 5.05
5.43 8.13
0.5 4.78
2.52 0.82
1.73 0.54
4.78 0.53
5.29 0.14
6.87 6.97
3.2 4.5
7.51 7.38
2.57 4.04

1.02 10.79 0.82 6.76

0.46 0.53
1.53 0.61
0.97 0.38
1.02 0.82
0.46 0.53
2.22 0.72
1.27 0.11
3.03 3.15
4.64 3.54
2.83 2.93
4.85 3.78
1.53 0.61
0.97 0.38
3.58 0.43
2.34 0.71
4.39 2.87
5.72 2.93
4.05 2.48
6.07 3.35
1.64 1.18
0.86 0.8
3.69 1.01
2.24 0.28
5.17 5.43
 8.37 6.34
4.82 5.05
8.72 6.76
2.52 0.82
1.73 0.54
6.01 0.53
4.06 1.3
7.48 4.95
10.2 5.32
6.89 4.3
10.79 6.02

0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 9.573
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 8.396
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Design of Bottom Member ( Top reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 12.924 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 7.464 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 2.2 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
MU
Required Depth (effective) d=
0.15 fCK b
d= 186 mm
Total depth provided = 400 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 85 mm
Effective depth provided = 315 mm
MU
Area of steel required, As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1- fCK b d d
z= max value of z=0.95d
z = 0.93 *d = 292.95 mm
AS = 1014.178 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 630 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 20 dia @ 125 mm number of bars per meter 9
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Area of steel provided = 2513.274 mm2/m OK
Again z = 0.82 *d = 258.3 mm
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 28.23927 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete = 37.20938 t.m/m
Therefore Moment capacity of section = 28.2392737082941 t.m/m OK

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 24.977 t/m
Distance of critical section from face = 0.315 m
Effective depth at critical section = 315 mm
Shear stress v = 0.792921 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 3.75 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ym b d
Ultimate shear stress in concrete
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.585208 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 1.122444
svc = 0.656863 N/mm2 Provide Design stirrups
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.38934211693 mm2
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 150 mm spacing c/c OK
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 367.1052 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 236.25 mm OK
2) sv< 450 mm OK

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary reinforcement shall be
not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 315 mm
0.12% bd = 378 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 299 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 150 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS
3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 2513.274 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.797865
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 107.9616
315.0
400
dc1 = 85.0 2dc1 = 170
Ae = 170 x 1000
cmin
= 170000 mm2
 mm2
Depth of neutral axis :kd
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 12.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 375 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 25000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 11.2
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (15.8 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (11.2 x 2513.27) (315 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 28148.7 (kd) - 8866831.1 = 0
b = 28148.7
a = 500
c = -8866831

kd = 107.96 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 1.63E+09 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 106.4407 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
es = = ecd
Es
ecd = 5.3E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000751
Max compressive stress in concrete 6.938028 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 400 mm
Mg = 2.2 t.m
Mq = 5.264 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.000532
h = 400 mm
dc = 107.96 mm
em = 0.000751
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 125 mm
acr = 95.50 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.189 mm OK
Design of Bottom Member ( Bottom reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 4.19 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 2.406 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 0.676 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500

Required Depth (effective) = d= MU

0.15 fCk b
d= 106 mm
Total depth provided = 400 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 81 mm
Effective depth provided = 319 mm
MU
Area of steel required = As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1 - fCK b d
z= d max value of z=0.95d
z = 0.95 * d = 303.05 mm
AS = 317.8414 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 638 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 12 dia @ 150 mm number of bars per meter 7
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm barrelwise stirrup spacing
Area of steel provided = 753.9822 mm2/m OK
Again z = 0.95 * d = 303.05 mm
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 9.939503 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete = 38.160375 t.m/m
Therefore Moment capacity of section = 9.939503 t.m/m OK

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 24.977 t/m
Distance of critical section from face of pier = 0.319 m
Effective depth at critical section = 319 mm
Shear stress v = 0.782978 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 3.75 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ultimate shear stress in concrete Ym b d
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.390271 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 1.118909
svc = 0.436678 N/mm2 Provide Design stirrups
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.3893
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 150 mm spacing c/c OK
number of stirrup legs lengthwise / m 7
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 263.6867 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 239.25 mm OK
2) sv< 450 mm OK

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary
reinforcement shall be not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 319 mm
0.12% bd = 382.8 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 295 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 150 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS

3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 753.9822 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.236358
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 65.44022
319.0
400
dc1 = 81.0 2dc1 = 162
cmin Ae = 162 x 1000
= 162000 mm2
 =
Depth of neutral axis :kd
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 12.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 375 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 25000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 11.2
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (15.8 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (11.2 x 753.98) (319 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 8444.6 (kd) - 2693827.7 = 0
b = 8444.6
a = 500
c = -2693828

kd = 65.44 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 6.36E+08 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 107.3755 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
ess = = ecd
EEs s

ecd = 5.4E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000708
Max compressive stress in concrete 3.464014 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 400 mm
Mg = 0.676 t.m
Mq = 1.73 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.000537
h = 400 mm
dc = 65.44 mm
em = 0.000708
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 150 mm
acr = 104.39 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.189 mm OK
Design of Top Member ( Top reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 5.06 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 2.83 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 0.45 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
MU
Required Depth (effective) d=
0.15 fCK b
d = 116 mm
Total depth provided = 400 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 81 mm
Effective depth provided = 319 mm
MU
Area of steel required, As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1- fCK b d d
z= max value of z=0.95d
z = 0.95 *d = 303.05 mm
AS = 383.8371 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 638 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 12 dia @ 125 mm number of bars per meter 9
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Area of steel provided = 904.7787 mm2/m OK
Again z = 0.94 *d = 299.86 mm
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 11.80185 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete = 38.160375 t.m/m
Therefore Moment capacity of section = 11.8018517270649 t.m/m OK

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 21.42 t/m
Distance of critical section from face = 0.319 m
Effective depth at critical section = 319 mm
Shear stress v = 0.671473 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 3.75 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ym b d
Ultimate shear stress in concrete
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.4147 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 1.118909
svc = 0.464012 N/mm2 Provide Design stirrups
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.38934211693 mm2
OK
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 150 mm spacing c/c
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 323.9535 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 239.25 mm OK
2) sv< 450 mm OK

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary reinforcement shall be
not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 319 mm
0.12% bd = 382.8 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 295 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 150 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS
3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 904.7787 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.28363
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 70.90892
319.0
400
dc1 = 81.0 2dc1 = 162
cmin Ae = 162 x 1000
= 162000 mm2
 mm2
Depth of neutral axis :kd
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 12.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 375 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 25000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 11.2
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (15.8 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (11.2 x 904.78) (319 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 10133.5 (kd) - 3232593.3 = 0
b = 10133.5
a = 500
c = -3232593

kd = 70.91 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 7.43E+08 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 105.8978 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
es = = ecd
Es
ecd = 5.3E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000702
Max compressive stress in concrete 3.783439 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 400 mm
Mg = 0.45 t.m
Mq = 2.38 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.000529
h = 400 mm
dc = 70.91 mm
em = 0.000702
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 125 mm
acr = 96.31 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.180 mm OK
Design of Top Member ( Bottom reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 11.97 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 6.79 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 1.6 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500

Required Depth (effective) = d= MU

0.15 fCk b
d = 179 mm
Total depth provided = 400 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 83 mm
Effective depth provided = 317 mm
MU
Area of steel required = As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1 - fCK b d
z= d max value of z=0.95d
z = 0.94 * d = 297.98 mm
AS = 923.4593 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 634 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 16 dia @ 100 mm number of bars per meter 11
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm barrelwise stirrup spacing
Area of steel provided = 2010.619 mm2/m OK
Again z = 0.86 * d = 272.62 mm
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 23.84387 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete = 37.68338 t.m/m
Therefore Moment capacity of section = 23.84387 t.m/m OK

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 24.977 t/m
Distance of critical section from face of pier = 0.317 m
Effective depth at critical section = 317 mm
Shear stress v = 0.787918 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 3.75 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ultimate shear stress in concrete Ym b d
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.542156 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 1.12067
svc = 0.607577 N/mm2 Provide Design stirrups
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.3893
OK
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 150 mm spacing c/c
number of stirrup legs lengthwise / m 7
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 339.0928 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 237.75 mm OK
2) sv< 450 mm OK

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary
reinforcement shall be not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 317 mm
0.12% bd = 380.4 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 297 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 150 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS

3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 2010.619 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.634265
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 99.07101
317.0
400
dc1 = 83.0 2dc1 = 166
cmin Ae = 166 x 1000
= 166000 mm2
 =
Depth of neutral axis :kd
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 12.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 375 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 25000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 11.2
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (15.8 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (11.2 x 2010.62) (317 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 22518.9 (kd) - 7138502.8 = 0
b = 22518.9
a = 500
c = -7138503

kd = 99.07 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 1.39E+09 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 118.9208 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
fst
ess = = ecd
EEss
ecd = 5.9E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000821
Max compressive stress in concrete 6.757706 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 400 mm
Mg = 1.6 t.m
Mq = 5.19 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.000595
h = 400 mm
dc = 99.07 mm
em = 0.000821
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 100 mm
acr = 88.90 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.200 mm NOT OK
Design of Side Member (outer einforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 8.69 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 5.01 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 1.38 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
MU
Required Depth (effective) d=
0.15 fCK b
d= 152 mm
Total depth provided = 400 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 83 mm
Effective depth provided = 317 mm
MU
Area of steel required, As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1- fCK b d d
z= max value of z=0.95d
z = 0.95 *d = 301.15 mm
AS = 663.3575 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 634 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 16 dia @ 125 mm number of bars per meter 9
Layer 2 0 dia @ 125 mm
Area of steel provided = 1608.495 mm2/m OK
Again z = 0.89 *d = 282.13 mm
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 19.74051 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete = 37.68338 t.m/m
Therefore Moment capacity of section = 19.7405095874775 t.m/m OK

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 9.24 t/m
Distance of critical section from face = 0.317 m
Effective depth at critical section = 317 mm
Shear stress v = 0.291483 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 3.75 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ym b d
Ultimate shear stress in concrete
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.50333 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 1.12067
svc = 0.564067 N/mm2 Provide minimum stirrups
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.38934211693 mm2
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c OK
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 491.9734 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 237.75 mm OK
2) sv< 450 mm OK

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary reinforcement shall be
not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 317 mm
0.12% bd = 380.4 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 297 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 200 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS
3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 1608.495 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.507412
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 90.36455
317.0
400
dc1 = 83.0 2dc1 = 166
cmin Ae = 166 x 1000
= 166000 mm2
 mm2
Depth of neutral axis :kd
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 12.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 375 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 25000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 11.2
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (15.8 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (11.2 x 1608.5) (317 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 18015.1 (kd) - 5710802.2 = 0
b = 18015.1
a = 500
c = -5710802

kd = 90.36 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 1.17E+09 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 108.5725 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
es = = ecd
Es
ecd = 5.4E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000742
Max compressive stress in concrete 5.411281 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 400 mm
Mg = 1.38 t.m
Mq = 3.63 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.000543
h = 400 mm
dc = 90.36 mm
em = 0.000742
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 125 mm
acr = 95.90 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.188 mm OK
Design of Side Member ( inner reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 1.82 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 0.97 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 0.1 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500

Required Depth (effective) = d= MU

0.15 fCk b
d= 70 mm
Total depth provided = 400 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 81 mm
Effective depth provided = 319 mm
MU
Area of steel required = As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1 - fCK b d
z= d max value of z=0.95d
z = 0.95 * d = 303.05 mm
AS = 138.06 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 638 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 12 dia @ 150 mm number of bars per meter 7
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm barrelwise stirrup spacing
Area of steel provided = 753.9822 mm2/m OK
Again z = 0.95 * d = 303.05 mm
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 9.939503 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete = 38.160375 t.m/m
Therefore Moment capacity of section = 9.939503 t.m/m OK

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 9.24 t/m
Distance of critical section from face of pier = 0.319 m
Effective depth at critical section = 319 mm
Shear stress v = 0.289655 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 3.75 OK

vc =
Ultimate shear stress in concrete
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.390271 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 1.118909
svc = 0.436678 N/mm2 Provide minimum stirrups
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.3893
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c OK
number of stirrup legs lengthwise / m 5
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 491.9734 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 239.25 mm OK
2) sv< 450 mm OK

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary
reinforcement shall be not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 319 mm
0.12% bd = 382.8 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 295 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 200 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS

3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 753.9822 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.236358
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 65.44022
319.0
400
dc1 = 81.0 2dc1 = 162
cmin Ae = 162 x 1000
= 162000 mm2
 =
Depth of neutral axis :kd
Grade of concrete fCK = M 25
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 500
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 12.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 375 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 25000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 11.2
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (15.8 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (11.2 x 753.98) (319 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 8444.6 (kd) - 2693827.7 = 0
b = 8444.6
a = 500
c = -2693828

kd = 65.44 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 6.36E+08 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 43.28938 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
fst
ess = = ecd
EEss
ecd = 2.2E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000286
Max compressive stress in concrete 1.396548 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 400 mm
Mg = 0.1 t.m
Mq = 0.87 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.000216
h = 400 mm
dc = 65.44 mm
em = 0.000286
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 150 mm
acr = 104.39 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.076 mm OK
 REINFORCEMENT DRAWING Br.No 1A
Chainage -290.00
400 mm slab 2000 mm 400 mm

3 400 mm

12dia125mm c/c
12dia @150mmc/c.
16dia100mm c/c 16dia125mm c/c
12dia150mm c/c spanwise
1 12dia150mm c/c 2
2000 mm

12dia200mm c/c
20dia125mm c/c
12dia200mm c/c

12dia150mm c/c
12dia150mm c/c Haunch bar 12dia 200 c/

4 400 mm

12dia150mm c/c spanwise

16dia125mm c/c

12dia200mm c/c

12dia200mm c/c

Haunch bar 12dia 200 c/c