Analysis And Interpretation

Arranged by:

Dimas Hari Lukito (1988203072)

Pauziyah (1988203101)

Siska Amelia (1988203088)

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH TANGERANG

2021/2022

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 FOREWORD

Praise the presence of God Almighty because with the abundance of His grace and ridho, we can
finish this paper with the title Analysis And Interpretation well and finish on time. On this
occasion, we do not forget to say thank you to those who have encouraged us to complete this paper
either directly or indirectly.

Furthermore, we need to convey that in the preparation of this paper there may be errors or
shortcomings that come from ourselves as human beings. For this reason, criticism and advice will be
accepted for the better paper in the future.

Hopefully this paper can be useful for various groups, especially readers and for us as compiler.

Tangerang, 10th April 2022

Compiler

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER ................................................................................................................i

FOREWORD.......................................................................................................ii

TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................iii

BAB I INTRODUCTION

A. Background.............................................................................1
B. Problem Formula....................................................................1
C. Problem Purpose.....................................................................1

BAB II DISCUSSION
A. Deffinition of Analysis..............................................................2
B. Types of Analysis...................................................................3
C. Types of Interpretation...............................................................3
D. Examples of Analysis and Interpretation.....................................3

BAB III CLOSING

A. Conclusion............................................................................. 6
B. References.............................................................................. 6

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

The process by which sense and meaning are made of the data gathered in qualitative
research, and by which the emergent knowledge is applied to clients' problems. This data
often takes the form of records of group discussions and interviews, but is not limited to this.
Through processes of revisiting and immersion in the data, and through complex activities of
structuring, re-framing or otherwise exploring it, the researcher looks for patterns and insights
relevant to the key research issues and uses these to address the client's brief.

B. Problem Formula
1. What is Deffinition of Analysis ?
2. What is Types of Analysis?
3. What is Types of Interpretation?
4. What is Examples of Analysis and Interpretation?

C. Problem Purpose
1. To Know Deffinition of Analysis ?
2. To Know Types of Analysis?
3. To Know Types of Interpretation?
4. To Know Examples of Analysis and Interpretation?

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Deffinition of Analysis

Analysis is an investigation of an event to find out the actual situation. According to

Dwi Prastowo, analysis is defined as the decomposition of a subject from its various parts
and the study of the parts themselves, as well as the relationship between the parts to
obtain a proper understanding and understanding of the meaning of the whole. According
to Wiradi, analysis is an activity that includes sorting, parsing, differentiating something to
be classified and grouped according to certain criteria and then looking for an estimate of
its meaning and relation. Understanding the analysis stated above, it can be concluded that
analysis is not just a search or investigation, but an activity that is planned and carried out
seriously by using critical thinking to obtain conclusions from what is estimated.

B. Types of Analysis

a) Descriptive Analysis : Describe or Summarize a set of Data

b) Exploratory Analysis : Examine or explore data and find relationships between
variables which were previously unknown
c) Inferential Analysis : Using a small sample of data to infer about a larger population,
The goal of statistical modeling itself, is all about using a small amount of
information to extrapolate and generalize information to a larger group.
d) Predictive Analysis : Using historical or current data to find patterns to make
predictions about the future
e) Causal Analysis : Its purpose is to look at cause and effect relationships between
variables, focusing on finding the causes of correlations.
f) Mechanistic Analysis : Understand a definite change in a variable that leads to
another change in another variable

C. Types of Interpretation

a) Simultaneous interpreting
In simultaneous mode, the speaker's language is interpreted simultaneously into
one or more other 'target' languages using booths, digital technology and
headphones; for example for large conferences/meetings.

b) Consecutive interpreting
In the less frequently used consecutive mode, the translator listens to the speaker
and then interprets what has been said into another 'target' language, using special
note-taking skills for longer segments of speech; for example during business
negotiations, presentations, training.

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D. Examples of Analysis and Interpretation

a. Analysis
● Descriptive Analysis
Take the COVID-19 statistics page on google for example, the line graph is just a pure
summary of the cases/deaths, a presentation and description of the population of a
particular country infected by the virus.

● Exploratory Analysis (EDA)

Climate change is an increasingly important topic as the global temperature is gradually
rising over the years. One example of EDA on climate change is by taking the rise in
temperature over the years, say 1950 to 2020 for example, and the increase of human
activities and industrialization, and form relationships from the data, e.g. increasing
number of factories, cars on the road and airplane flights increase correlates.

● Causal Analysis
Say you want test out this new drug that improves human strength and focus, and to do
that you perform randomized control trials for the drug to test the effect of the drug. You
compare the sample of candidates for your new drug vs the candidates receiving mock
control with a few test for on strength and overall focus and attention and observe how
the drug affects the outcome.

● Inferential Analysis
The idea of inferring about the population at large with a smaller sample is quite intuitive,
many statistics you see on the media and the internet are inferential, a prediction of an
event based on a small sample. To give an example, a psychology study for the benefits
of sleep, a total of 500 people involved in the study, when followed up with the
candidates, they reported to have better overall attention and well-being with 7–9 hours
of sleep, while those with less sleep and more sleep suffered with reduced attention and
energy. This report from 500 people was just a tiny portion of 7b people in the world,
thus an inference of the larger population.

● Predictive Analysis
The 2020 US election is a popular topic and many prediction models are built to predict
the winning candidate FiveThirtyEight did a great 2016 Election forecast and is back at it
again in 2020. Prediction analysis for an election would require input variables such as
historical polling data, trends and the current polling data in order to get a good
prediction. Something as large as an election wouldn’t just be using a linear model, but a
complex model with certain tunings to best serve it’s purpose.
● Mechanistic Analysis
Many graduate-level research and complex topics are suitable examples, but to put it in a
simple manner, let’s say an experiment is done to simulate safe and effective nuclear
fusion to power the world, a mechanistic analysis of the study would entail precise
balance of controlling and manipulating variables with highly accurate measures of both
variables and the desired outcomes. It’s this intricate and meticulous modus operandi
(strategy) towards these big topics that allows for scientific breakthroughs and
advancement of society.

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b. Interpretation
● Simultaneous interpreting
A classic example of simultaneous interpreting is a United Nations conference. At these
meetings, it is common to see world leaders wearing headsets. While the main speaker is
delivering his/her speech instantaneously, it is being interpreted to the recipient of that
target language who is wearing a headset.
 
● Consecutive interpreting
One of example from consecutive interpreting is a press conference or press conference is
a special event created as a means to announce, explain, defend or promote policy with
the aim of strengthening public understanding and acceptance on the part of the event
initiator.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

B. References