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BERKOWITZ, SOL & OTHERS. A New Approach To Sight Singing, Fifth Edition (Melodies - Section 1)
BERKOWITZ, SOL & OTHERS. A New Approach To Sight Singing, Fifth Edition (Melodies - Section 1)
TIle first melodies in this book emphasize the basic as- diversity of rhythms, keys, modes, tempos, dynam-
pects of tonality. TIley are designed to include easily ics, and clefs should provide a variety of musical
recognizable scale and chordal patterns. These diatonic experiences. TIle treble, bass, and alto clefs are intro-
melodies are based on both major and minor modes. duced in this section. You should conduct all exer-
The phrases are usually symmetrical and short cises (see p. 2).
enough to be understood at a glance. However, the
~ ~ ~ The first melodies are based entirely on stepwise motion. The largest range is a single octave.
Note values include 0 d J n.
(Additional practice in these rhythms may be found in exercises
1-7 in Chapter Two.)
All of these melodies begin with the tonic of the key. Students are encouraged to hear the
harmonic implications of the melodies throughout the text. The following melody and several
others in Chapter One model roman numeral harmonizations, which you should play at the
piano in block chords. (If you have limited keyboard skills, even playing just the root of the
appropriate triad in the bass will provide a harmonic reference point.) Harmonizing other
melodic exercises (including the duets) as well as transposing this type of exercise are both
recommended.
1. Moderato
c, I ii 6 v
41 J j I" Ij J I II IJ
I
j IJ j IJJJJI~ II
2. Andante
r IF fUr.. 41
3. Allegretto
p
5
6 ------------"----- Chapter One / Melodies
~ W11 ~ Conduct cut time in 2. For additional cut time practice, see rhythm exercise 20 and beyond in
Chapter T'4'o.
4. Allegro
5. Andante cantabile
6. Moderato
'»n9 roo
mf
J I;) (Q. IFfi IJ J J IGaJ
,un rm J IF J IJ J J IJ J r IJ J J GJJg) dl
7. Allegro
,U# f J_
p
F IJ ®Ii. IJ WI J F IJfu}t II
8. Largo
p .
II
9. Andantino
11. Moderato
~J:I J
mp
n f .n I r Eft I [F c; J J] U t'1 ~ II
~ ~ ~ Each of the next four melodies is built in two phrases. Scan the melody for the peak of each phrase.
II
13. Allegro
II
14. Allegro
~ ~ ~ The pattern of two short phrases and one longer one is found in the next four melodies.
_,
16. Allegretto
17. Allegro
'~I'Irr;lffr
f
IF_ IrrrclccCIEEEFIJ
f II
18. Andante
20. Allegro
II
p
paz
Section I
--------------
9
22. Vivace
23. Allegretto
~: I~$
p
m Im~IF«ii?F? Irn ICrf If r ifiuf II
f
28. Cantabile
p ---~
10 ---------------'---------
Chapter One / Melodies
29. Allegretto
'~~~!!1fTi
14TaTr· la# Ie Fr IJ Bo. II
30. Allegro moderato
'~J:DltJlaalj .. II ~
~ ~ ~ The rhythm J.• ~ is included in the next five melodies. See rhythm exercises 9, 13, and 22 in
Chapter Two.
31. Allegro
33. Vivace
34. Andante
SectionI
--------------------------------------------------
11
35. Andante
.I
G: I V V7 I IV I V7 ii 6 V I
,
Natural
~lll1
0 e I) e II e II e Ij
e u 0 0
,
-& -&
Harmonic
~lll1
.1 e ., ~e II
~e ., e II
-& 0 e e 0 -&
,~'.
Melodic
Melodies in which the major and minor modes are compared may be found in Supplementary Exercises, p. 385.
~ ~ ~ The following melodies introduce the minor mode. For users of moveable do, minor mode
melodies incorporate the syllable me (pronounced "may") for the third scale degree, and use le
or la for the sixth scale degree and te ("tay") or ti for the seventh scale degree, depending on the
musical situation.
36. Andante
IFFTIJrrlrrrlOJ]. II
37. Allegro
38. Allegro
, Ui
f
nnt; n r:zm· ;rfiiJ I I #J D I J J IJ II
~ ~ ~ The following melodies gradually introduce rests, especially to show phrasing and to indicate
appropriate places to breathe.
39. Lento
~ ~ ~ The following two melodies contain ascending and descending forms of the melodic minor
scale. Note that the sixth and seventh scale degrees are raised as the music ascends to tonic, but
not when the scale descends from tonic to the seventh and sixth scale degrees.
40. Andantino
42. Allegretto
__________________________
Section I 13
'~I
J J a IJ~JJ IJ JJ
mp
al1TfI;JIT3JTh a IJ H I
IH mf mp~
'~J IJ J a
* J IJ f J IF f J la J a I;,] * I
44. Allegro
1
! qQ l;g 14 4 Ir Ia ® If J 14 fir- IaIr:
,~ a lEa~ I
'~J n IoEd 14 ~ IW Ie 4 If 4 1QJ;;Qj) II
45. Vivace
Alto Clef
The alto clef can be visualized in relation to the grand staff. The five lines of the alto clef are, in fact, the same
as the five middle lines of the grand staff. Thinking of the alto clef in this way ensures not only identifying the
correct note but also placing that note in the correct octave.
For the alto clef, think of the top line as g above middle c, the middle line as middle c, and the bottom line as f
bellow middle c. These additional reference points will make the entire clef easier to master.
F ,J II
A good way to practice your facility with the alto clef (and later with the tenor clef) is to play melodies on
the piano. This reinforces the correct "placement" of the notes of these clefs.
Another useful trick is to remember that every note is either a line note or a space note. This remains con-
stant in every clef. For example, the d above middle c is a space note, and the e above middle c is a line note, in
all seven clefs!This is helpful when you are h-ying to "see" a familiar note in an unfamiliar clef.
47a. Moderato
47b. Moderato
Section I
---------------
15
47c. Moderato .I
48. Andante
49. Largo
liBI,~I
p
J;rwrrt
cresco mf
I~
dim. p
II
50. Allegretto
52. Madere
mf p
16 ______________ Chapter One
_o____ __ / Melodies
55. Larghett~ ~ ~
liB~Iti ami pi EE ea II
56. Allegro ~
~ ~ ~ The next three melodies should be sung as if notated in the treble, alto, and bass clefs in tum, in-
serting the needed key signature for each clef. They should also be played at the piano in the
register appropriate to each clef. (This exercise can be repeated with any other melodies.)
Section I
17
~ ~ ~
_,
Skips in the tonic minor triad are found in the next four minor melodies.
64. Andante
65. Allegro ~ ~ ~
IlK#.ti ~'r L I r
f
r
P
cr
lIre r CE I L I f-]I
f
G Ir ~cr Ir IfF II
P
. 9 ~~ ~~
t1:~I)~i Ef#JiICJ=f I -WE ~""r Ig#JiIO-ffif
. 9 '~~6i~
Elf II
mf'
~ ~ ~ The next six melodies include additional rhythmic divisions of the beat in simple meters.
Review rhythm exercises 17-23 in Chapter Two before singing these examples. If needed, draw a
box around each beat to help train your eye to see the relationship between the beat and the
rhythm. Conduct all exercises!
S~ect~ion~I 19
20 Chapter One / Melodies
~ ~ ~ The next thirteen melodies introduce compound meter (Y). In compound meters, a dotted rhyth-
mic value (clotted eighth, or dotted sixteenth, etc.) gets the beat, and each beat divides into three
parts. Review the basic divisions with rhythm exercises 39-52 in Chapter Two before singing
these melodies. Make sure you understand the relationship between the beat and its divisions.
Mark your music with boxes if needed.
74. Andantino
75. Andantino
76. Allegretto
77. Allegretto
78. Allegro
liB ~I~
p
crill I(cuol C~ol mf
caePI Hapl (rrcrrl F ProII
79. Allegro
Section I 21
,g45·1~.I@Jj:gslIJ@. II
p
81. A dagietto
IIBI,~g
mp
rp. ltir- IOOc;fRr' IJ~r IE~.~. II
82. Animato
9: ~.~g r' ID IC" J. Ir 0r 0IC" l' IrE PIr- r' IErr FEr I
f.~·
84.
w'
Con anima
:P~
p
Eil· -'ltiFt riFt Fgrqr Ie Wok t· II
86. Andante
p
t J t Irqr Ifir 1(1513¥·
rlfit rm * It1WTfct f~
89. Allegro
IlKI,~i J frilfc £ - II
f p f p
Section I
----------------
23
~---
90. Andantino (in ont;)
liBI)~IJji Ir F fiE
~ Paf -;l'
t f Bf rl' f Bf'
~
liBI)~t J r IErE I f" Pfir f J 11 EEI:l J :l Id r I J. II
f p
91. Allegro
~ ~ ~ The next five melodies begin with the 5th of the tonic triad.
92. Allegro
93. Larghetto
71:II~F I@mmmI~P~uiillir t II
94. Playful
4iJW J~~J~~f!J~eJ'l
4QE95@Jfflcni!1i
<:': J JJJJI1fl)~J§'liOJ1JJJ
~ p mf~
'II
24 ____________ Chapter One / Melodies
_!___-
:_____/
VI
~
iv V
~
====-P
i
~ ~ ~ The next four melodies begin with the 3rd of the tonic triad.
97.
c#: i iv i V i iv V
'ti~#I~l!
)J Jil~ J dnd) t3 g)g5
iv V i
J I~ #J J II
98. Allegro
Section I
----------------
25
101. Andante
'~"I'~
E~:I IV I V I V I
th"I
p cresco mf p
104. Andantino
,~!
105.
J JJ
Tempo di minueito
f
J t I#F t tlJ * P~
IJ'-.: IJ'-.: I§ J. I; 0 ~ I
'~J
::0-
* }FlfJDltJ ; 10f~FIf * II
106. Andantino
p con calma
~ ~ ~ The next eight melodies contain skips in the IV chord, in both major and minor. The IV serves a
pre-dominant function and is typically major in a major key and minor in a minor key.
107. Andante
D: I IV V I V I IV V I
108. Andante
'~I d: i iv V i V i iv V i
iJ1J) r p
F IllniRlli) lJ"1fir J F IllJ55Bln. II .
------~
~Sech~·on~I -- 27
109. Allegro ,
711# i rf[tl
f
tree Imr:rii7m~1 rlrrl fEftl rEfcCElr 111
110. Allegro
2: ~f
f
tfft Itree Iilirrmtc?r ~I@ Ic1fc IrUCj) £ II
111. Larghetto
IIB~lg
p
tP€:1tlw Ut IOO¢ ~Iwvrl@nl
IIB~.[0-: Eh-tiE' r} II
113. Allegro
114. Allegro
,U ftU
P
_IJ mrmlJJ. Ipl]
mf
mEiWi II
- --_
28 -----------____:____--
Chapter One / Melodies
115. Valse .. ~ . .. ~
117. Moderato
n (IC" moi) a~
118. Andante con moto
IIB#n! Dr
p.
Err- Dr ~
fl
IIB#uM rlf1fftt aiL} E IE" ~f IC" •
=====-p
* II
119. Scherzando
~:I~IJ1If·pE iF r F IF pm (fE H IF r F Ff I
71 l l W· pEl F r F IF pn~ (If PEl F r J I PAr II
lH
mf
122. Allegro
P f
123. Allegro deciso , r--
fh I J If" bEef lEE C If" PEl PEl C" ELL! lEE E lE"O E! I J lEI
f __ ----
~: ~ f" bEEf IF E C I r 0 t:F1 r U If" bra IE" &lC; IE (Ell II
124. Langsam
..~~
126. Allegro deciso
~.. . ~ f'- ~§R. .. ~- .
i jtsf1= IC[CEtrt±C I rfJ-[trCJ-C 1355¥;Eti:LEII
~:~'I,~
• . ~ ~-
\
30 Chapter One / Melodies
Larghetto ."
ti ¢
p
F~ * IE f~ * *
~ ~ ~ The next eight melodies include skips of the V chord, in both major and minor. The V chord
serves a dominant function, and is most often a major chord in a minor key. Which scale step is
altered to create the major V chord in the minor mode?
128. Vif et Leger
F: I V I I V I V I
imfP rlp':l.
,~ I@ U IJ I J IfJ
~.
a
J 1@!]I:l J II
129. Vifet Leger
f: i' Vii V i V
, ~IVi
mf
P r Ij~:l .
18 a IJ IEfJ I~jJ
~.
J Iat] l:l J II
130. Andante
135. Minuetto
,
f f~
eco ~
I UE r IEtE r la f ILt'=~EfI(a If = -PiriE
ft>
t fI
mf p mf mp cresco mf mf
eco r-~ r:
136. Largo
m IJ.~nlrn· par
~:lb#1mp t IGr IJ· pCFIF7Br t p(I
mf
137. Miissig
142. Stately
deiacn« ~
144. Animato
'ti
146. Adagietto
I~
mp
@fi @E 3 J I Qj :01J. ~J @fi @I ~
JJ J nil ;)5JII
s->:
149. Moderato
C: I ii 6 . VIii 6 V I V
'n I ii 6
J J IJ)J J IJ
V
~.
I
329 l EFI~
~ ~
IV ii 6
J J I~
V7
£J!!j
I
>
t ~ II
34 Ch~apte_rO_ne~/M_elo_dies
150. Moderato
C: 1 _, ii 06 Viii 06 V i V
~ ~
i ii 06 V i iv ii06 V7 i
151. Allegro
liB i rf@IffirrI
f
rt;m£r I ~ilr@_b
. p cresco f
II
153. Allegretto
154. Allegretto
Section I
---------------
35
155. Semplice
.iI'
d: i ii 06 V i
156. Deliberatamente
157. Cantabile
158. Valse
2: ~I,~! r
p
..
r If';PJ Is r r IpiJ
..~
Is
..
far r r Ir rm'
mrIs r r Iqr Is r riC" mEIr r r IFir II
~ ~
~·,nm3r Ir
..~--;----
2:
36 ____________ Chapter
__2__ One
__ / Melodies
~ ~ ~ The next eight melodies introduce skips in the V7 chord, in both major and minor .
.I
159. Andante
160. Andante
'~~k~
f: i y7 i Y i y7 i
162. Allegretto
163. Andante
165. Slowly
166. Slowly
A:I ii6 y7 I
'ti## i @f
mp
'mFrFr ,piHJJr '~Uaa ~)1
y7 I y7 I IY I y7 I
~ ~ ~ The next six melodies include skips of the vii" chord, in major and minor. vii is typically dimin-
ished in both major and minor keys, has a dominant function, and is frequently found in first in-
version. Note that the three notes of the vii" chord are the same as the upper three notes of the
y7 chord. y7 can also be used to harmonize the notes of the vii" triad, and is the more typical
harmonization. Because of the typically restricted uses of the vii" chord-often passing between
I and r6-all six subsequent melodies are harmonized.
167. Moderato
I vii 06 16 IY I y7 I
'ti B'
mf
r r IFff IJf3 Incu In
p cresco
r 111 f Itt ill * * II
mf
---
38 ~Cha~pte~rO~ne~/M~elo~dies
168. Moderato
_,
p
r ~ ir
IOFF 1m ~
vii 06
ILtcrnlr
i6 Y7
mf
£
i
p
£
iv
mf
Y
£ * !
i vii 06 i6 iv i y7 i
169. Swaying
D: I IY I Y
'~HgJ]J r mp
PAr- aIr 100 J.~ dE IE~ OJ J J 'I
,~~
m tu IW Uri J. ] E
I vii 06 I6 IY I Y7 I
J OJ J IJ J ] 3. II
cresco mf
170. Swaying
d: i iv Y
,~~J13 E#@r- mp
aIr I{dJ J.~ JE IE~ OJ J J 'I
,~m JJj
i vii 06 i6 iv i y7 i
cresco
I tV [}j mf
IE. ] J J OJ J IJ J J J. II
Section I
-------------------
39
171. Allegro
f: i
'~"~IBr
'~I'.~
f5(3h I ffB?J
mp
iv i iio6
I fa
mf
y7
qr] IV J J J * II
172. Cheerful
c. y7 I y7 16 y7 I viio6 16
~ ~ ~ The next eight melodies contain skips in the vi chord, in both major and minor. The vi chord,
minor in major keys and major in minor keys, frequently precedes pre-dominant chords or oc-
curs after the dominant chord in a deceptive cadence.
173. Animato
40 Ch~apte_r On_____:_eI_Me_______:_:_lodies
174. Animato
legato
~ I i ii06 ~ V7 i VI ii06 V7 S i
176. Andante
177. Brisk
~ # I 4 ~ If]]D J JI
179. Moderato
~ " ~ ,,;;--,
~I'!
acrE la-crE ICfUalr r ~ IEriJe ILrE!F I
mp cresco mf mp mp
~ I §'
~'TaElla ~ ~ IEIElc1lr ~ II
cresco mf jO
180. Marziale
deiache