Good afternoon, we are the last group to present.

So, before we present our topic, let’s have the word of the day… so next, for our short
activity naman, yung gagawin nyo lang is huhulaan nyo yung scrambled word pero
there’s a twist, yung scrambled word is yung synonym ng original word. For example...

Now, let’s move on to our topic which is

COMPETITION LAW & MARKET ACCESS (and under (topic), we have:
 LIBERALIZATION OF AIRLINES BUSINESS
 AIRPORT CHARGES PROVISIONS IN AIR SERVICE AGREEMENTS (ASAs)
So, what is COMPETITION LAW? …
 So, in simple terms, competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to
maintain market competition by regulating or controlling anti-competitive conduct
by companies. When we say anti-competitive, eto yung mga business or
government practices na nagpe-prevent or reduce ng competition in a market.
The effects of anti-competitive practices include not just difficulty for smaller
companies entering or succeeding in a market, but also higher consumer prices,
poorer service and less innovation. Competition law is also known as Antitrust
law.
 So, yung purpose ng law na to is to protect and promote fair competition and fair
marketplace for consumers and producers. Binaban neto yung mga anti-
competitive agreements between firms, such as agreements to fix prices or to
divide markets, kasi it is illegal for businesses to abuse a dominant market
position.
So, yung mga businesses and governments uses anti-competitive behavior para
malessen yung competition within the market, para yung mga monopolies and dominant
firms can generate exceeding profits and ma-discourage yung mga competitors from
the market. Therefore, it is heavily regulated and punishable by law in cases where anti-
competitive practices considerably affect the market.

MARKET ACCESS
 So, yung market access is a company's ability to enter a foreign market by selling
its goods and services in another country.
 Market access is not the same as free trade kasi market access is normally
subject to conditions or requirements (such as tariffs or quotas), whereas sa free
trade conditions it is the opposite, kasi goods and services can circulate across
borders without any barriers to trade.
  Markets access helps companies in building up the relationship with their
customers and connections across borders.
LIBERALIZATION OF AIRLINES BUSINESS
 So, further liberalization can protect and enhance the consumer benefits, such as
reducing air fares in the airline industry. Pwede rin nitong palawakin and
palakihin yung mga new regions and routes na currently merong mataas na
regulated markets. Therefore, it can continue to provide benefits for airline users,
while also providing significant benefits for the economy.
 So, liberalization can create freedom for airlines to operate on a fully commercial
basis. This will allow them to allocate capital more efficiently, to respond better to
changes in demand in markets and to improve productivity. It also provides a
platform for the airline industry to expand or rationalize capacity and ownership in
accordance with customer needs. It can also improve the return on capital
invested that is earned by the airline industry as a whole.
 The removal of these constraints allows airlines to compete more effectively and
operate more efficiently, which reduces price and increases service quality in
terms of flight frequency and etc.

AIRPORT CHARGES PROVISIONS IN AIR SERVICE AGREEMENTS (ASAs)

So, it is important that airports maintain accounts na nagpo-provide ng adequate
information for the needs of both airports and users and then, yung mga facilities and
services na related sa airport charges ay dapat ma-identify as precisely as possible.
Have you ever wondered kung bakit o ano yung nagpapamahal sa pagsakay sa
airplane? Hindi lang fuel yung nagiging factor sa price of an airplane ticket.
These charges are typically paid indirectly by passengers via the airline ticket price.
Airport charges include but are not limited to the following:
 RUNWAY CHARGES
Runway charges are the fees charged by the airport for the use of runways and
taxiways. This includes both take-off and landing charges, which are linked to the
weight of the aircraft.
 PARKING CHARGES
These are fees related to parking an aircraft at an airport. These charges are normally
imposed on a time basis, but can also be related to aircraft size or weight.
 PASSENGER CHARGES
This charge relates to the passenger processing service. These fees are charged per
on-board passenger by the airport. These charges are normally billed to the airline,
which then passes the cost onto the passenger.
 SECURITY CHARGES
These are charges imposed by the airport to airlines for the provision of security
personnel and equipment around the airport.
 INFRASTRUCTURE CHARGES
These are charges for the use of infrastructure facilities at an airport. Normally consists
of terminals, check-in areas, baggage equipment, airbridges etc.
 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARGES
These are charged by airports in relation to their noise and emissions impact. Aircraft
types are normally categorized and a fee placed against each according to their relative
impact.