The Fearless Fluency Club: Vocabulary

Video 1: [00:00]

Vanessa: Welcome to the Fearless Fluency Club vocabulary lesson. Thank you so much for
taking time out of your busy schedule to improve your vocabulary. Today I'm here
with my husband Dan-

Dan: Hello everyone.

Vanessa: And he's going to be providing another perspective, some insight into these
expressions that is a little bit different than mine. We're going to be going
through a couple expressions that you heard in the conversation with Ailsa.
We're going to explain them, and then you're going to see the clip from the
original conversation so that you can see that context that we're talking about.
Are you ready to get started?

Dan: I'm ready.

Vanessa: Let's do it. The first expression that we're going to talk about is along the way.

Dan: Along.

Vanessa: Yeah. So here we have a wonderful preposition, along. And then we have the
word, way. You could say a way is like a road or something like this, a path. And
we're going to use this expression in a figurative sense but also a literal sense. So
let's talk about the literal sense first so that you can picture it in your mind.

Dan: Right. When I think of this expression, I'm usually thinking of a trip that you go
on. Maybe you're in the car for a long time. And along the way you stop to go see
something or get something. So when I was young we would go on a lot of road
trips, and we would always say, "Oh, don't worry about bringing food, we'll get
snacks along the way." So that means basically during the trip or on the trip. But
it's just a kind of alternative way maybe to stress that it's during, like in the
middle of the trip, not at the beginning or at the end.

Vanessa: Yeah. Along the way we'll do something. There's not a fixed time. I know that in
college twice I went on a really long road trip with my friends, it was like 15
hours. And we decided not to go on the highway. We decided to go on some back
roads so that we could stop at interesting places along the way. We stopped at a
sign that said, "World's Biggest Alligator," so of course we had to stop, right?

Dan: Yes.

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[1:54]

Vanessa: And one other sign said, this was in Florida so there's a lot of stuff like this... It
said, "Free Orange Juice Tasting," so of course we're going to stop. So we went to
a lot of interesting stops along the way. But this is a physical way to use it. The
word, way, along the way is that physical journey to another location. But how
could we use this in a more figurative way?

Dan: Well, I know Ailsa used it to say, whatever comes up along the way.

Vanessa: Yes.

Dan: Actually I believe you said this.

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: But during the conversation, we'll talk about whatever comes up along the way.
So that just means at any point during the conversation, you'll just talk about
whatever comes up.

Vanessa: Yes. The phrasal verb to come up, we've talked about this in past Fearless Fluency
Club phrasal verb grammar lessons. It means something that arises in the
conversation. A topic that arises in the conversation usually spontaneously. So I
was just trying to put her at ease. I often use this expression at the beginning of
my conversations for the Fearless Fluency Club. You might notice this because I
don't want them to feel like there is an agenda. You have to be prepared. I want
them to be as natural and just as relaxed as possible. So I say, "Okay, hey let's just
talk and we'll talk about whatever comes up along the way."

Dan: Yes. And as you can see, the way in this sense is the conversation. So that shows
you how flexible the word way is.

Vanessa: Yeah. It could just mean the journey of our conversation. It doesn't have to be a
physical journey. So let's watch this clips that you can see how I used along the
way. We're going to be talking about a lot of stuff about cultural exchanges and
whatever your experience is with that and whatever comes up along the way.

… And whatever comes up along the way.

… And whatever comes up along the way.

Dan: The next expression is what were you thinking. And as you can tell, this is an
expression we use when we're angry at somebody usually and sometimes even
yourself. You could say, "What was I thinking?" And it basically is a question you
ask yourself. It's not a real question. But just to say, why was I so stupid.

Vanessa: Why did I make this decision?

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[4:04]

Dan: Right. Or why did you do that? That's dumb. That's foolish. That's stupid, et
cetera, et cetera. But it's very flexible. It's kind of... I don't know, how would you
describe this?

Vanessa: I think that this can be used in a couple different ways. It's always in that same
way of telling someone or telling yourself that they did something not smart. But
you can also think of this as say a parent or a teacher yelling at a student or their
kid. "Why did you do that? What were you thinking?"

Dan: Yeah.

Vanessa: Maybe there's a big test, and your child cheated on the test. They wrote some
answers on their hand and they got caught. So when you realized that this
happened, you might say to them, "What were you thinking? That was so dumb.
You should have just studied for the test. Don't cheat." You're just trying to ask
them what were you thinking. It's not actually asking them to reply.

Dan: Right.

Vanessa: This is called a rhetorical question.

Dan: Rhetorical question. That's what I was looking for.

Vanessa: Yeah. Rhetorical question. It's a question, but you're not actually asking for a
response. You're just asking it. But we can also use this to talk about ourselves. I
feel like saying it to someone else is really strong.

Dan: Yeah, it can be very rude. So like Vanessa was saying, an authority figure might
say this to you, but it would almost be kind of mean of them.

Vanessa: Yeah, it's still really strong.

Dan: It's kind of to make you feel embarrassed. Right? Like if you say, what were you
thinking, that means you weren't thinking at all or you were being dumb. So it's
kind of mean.

Vanessa: Yeah. But if you say it about yourself, maybe if you do something silly. Like the
other day I left one of the lights on inside the car, and then the next day when we
tried to get in the car, the battery was dead. So I could say in that situation,
"What was I thinking? I should have turned that off."

Dan: Luckily I didn't say, "What were you thinking?"

Vanessa: Yes because I would have-

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[5:52]

Dan: Because then she would-

Vanessa: Been really sad.

Dan: Maybe Vanessa would cry. Probably not.

Vanessa: I might not have cried, but I probably would have felt like that was a little too
harsh in that situation.

Dan: So you can see, it's kind of harsh.

Vanessa: Yeah, but if I say it to myself, "Uh, what was I thinking? Why did I do that? Now
we have to find someone to jump the car. Ugh, it's really annoying." Actually,
Ailsa helped us to jump the car. So it's a little bit perfect for this lesson.

Dan: Yeah. And remember, you have to say it in the right way too. It has to be what
was I thinking?

Vanessa: What was I thinking?

Dan: Or what were you thinking?

Vanessa: Yeah, yeah. Got to have that tone.

Dan: Right? It's got to sound harsh.

Vanessa: All right. Let's watch the clips that you can see how this was used.

Ailsa: It's not like a common thing that everyone does. Whereas in I feel like a lot of
other countries it ends up being a lot of people go and learn the language that
they've been studying and they like perfect it in the country or they have family
somewhere. It's more commonplace. But here it's like, whoa, what were you
thinking. So.

… But here it's like, whoa, what were you thinking? So.

… But here it's like, whoa, what were you thinking? So.

Vanessa: The next expression is as I please. And this is a kind of polite way to say as I want.
So in the conversation with Ailsa, she said that the second family that she lived
with let her come and go as she pleased. They didn't have strict rules about
when she needed to come home or maybe to tell them when she was leaving.
She was free to come and go as she pleased.

Dan: Yeah.

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[7:16]

Vanessa: Or we could see she could come and go as she wanted. But she used that polite
expression, as I please.

Dan: Yeah. It's interesting because it means that you can do almost anything but if she
had said the family lets me do what I want, that would almost sound like she
could really do anything she-

Vanessa: Maybe she was doing some bad stuff.

Dan: She could throw some parties. She could go crazy, but if she said, which she did, I
can go as I please or I can come and go as I please, that just means that they
don't have a rule about what time she can come home but they trust her.

Vanessa: Yeah, she's still responsible. And as you can probably tell from the conversation,
Ailsa's a very responsible person.

Dan: She's our babysitter.

Vanessa: She's very amazing. So the family that she lived with trusted her and let her come
and go as she pleased. But we can also use another expression with this that's
pretty common, which is to do as I please. I can do as I please. Or maybe your
boss will say, "In the morning we have meetings and then after that, you can do
as you please." Probably some work still, but you can do as you please with the
verb do. Was there ever a time in your life when you could do as you pleased?

Dan: Do as I please. I do as I please right now. I would say.

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: Overall. I mean, out of all the times in our lives, this is the most flexible schedule
we've ever had. Because we work a lot, but it's on or own time. We do as we
please, so if we want to go somewhere in the morning, we go somewhere in the
morning.

Vanessa: Sure.

Dan: If we want to shuffle around the schedule, we are able to do that.

Vanessa: Yeah, and maybe that's something that you could say about your English studies.
In this course, you can download these lessons, you can study them whenever
you want. You can study them as you please. Or you could say, "Well, I do as I
please, which means I can do anything I want. I could just make my ... I'm in
charge of my life.

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[9:07]

Dan: Yeah. Something about saying I do as I please sounds a little more strong or
maybe you could be doing somewhat-

Vanessa: Negative things?

Dan: Yeah, negative things. Compared to I come and go as I please.

Vanessa: I think it depends on your tone of voice too. If someone, maybe if your parent
said you need to be home by 11:00 and you said, "I do as I please," oh-

Dan: That means “I do anything.”

Vanessa: Yeah, that's probably not a good-

Dan: I don't listen to your rules.

Vanessa: Yeah. So if you use it with that tone of voice, it's probably not good. But you
could just say, "Yeah, in my life I do as I please. I don't have someone telling me
what to do." If you use it in that tone of voice-

Dan: That's true.

Vanessa: That's totally fine.

Dan: A lot matters in the tone.

Vanessa: Yes. All right, let's watch the clips that you can see how Ailsa used this.

Ailsa: But the second family, they had like five kids, the youngest was 18 so they were
like, "We've been through this. You know, come and go as you please.” And they
were just super sweet.

“We've been through this. You know, come and go as you please.”

“We've been through this. You know, come and go as you please.”

Dan: The next expression is to plop. Yeah, and as you can see, this is kind of a
onomatopoeia word. So it sounds a lot like the meaning. So it means to drop
something or put something down hard or to drop something in the water.

Vanessa: Yeah, usually when you drop it, it's going to have a little bit of a sound into the
water. Maybe it'll splash, it'll make a “kerplunk, bumph,” into the water.

Dan: So you could say the rock plopped into the water. Right? That would mean you
heard that sound. It made kind of a splash, not too big. But I would say usually

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[10:45]

when we actually use this, it's for... I would say a person doing something lazy.
Right? So, I got home and I plopped down onto the couch. Right? That means
you are just kind of tired, you just sit down, you're just *plop sound*. I just made
the sound right there. This is plopping. Yeah, that's the most common time I
think we use it. Can you think of any other times?

Vanessa: I feel like this is a common physical time that we use it because we're not always
dropping things into water. That's kind of the original meaning. But when you are
just falling onto the couch after a long day of work you can say, "I plopped onto
the couch." Or, before you plop onto the couch, can you take a look at this
please? You can use it in different ways.

Dan: Yeah. It's kind of got like a careless connotation to it too. So another example I
can think of is if maybe a teacher's giving you homework, and just plop it onto
the table.

Vanessa: Oh, okay.

Dan: Right? Or maybe you-

Vanessa: Without care.

Dan: Or you come home and you plop your backpack onto the couch. Right? It's kind
of carelessly putting something down.

Vanessa: Yeah, but in the conversation with Ailsa, we use this in a figurative way, but it still
has that same idea of just dropping something carelessly. And there's some care
in this conversation, so I said that the second family who Ailsa lived with, she
didn't have any connections to them, she was living in a foreign country, she was
just plopped down into that family. So we can use it as a phrasal verb to plop
down, or you could just say she was plopped into that family. We can imagine
she's like a rock just dropping into that family.

Dan: Right. Kind of suddenly, a little bit harshly.

Vanessa: Yeah, yeah. So she was plopped into that family and all of a sudden she had to
survive in this foreign country with a new language. It's a big experience. So we
can kind of get that sense of a rock dropping into the water. Yes. All right, let's
watch the conversation so that you can see how this was used.

Where you're young and you're in a new city and they're your only connection.
Like, this family that's just been plopped into your life.

Ailsa: Exactly, and it's such a bizarre thing.

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[12:49]

Vanessa: … And they're your only connection. Like, this family that's just been plopped
into your life.

… And they're your only connection. Like, this family that's just been plopped
into your life.

The next expression is to make a fool out of someone. We can also say it to
make a fool of someone. So the word out here is optional. You'll hear it both
ways. Same meaning. If I said, "I don't want to make a fool out of myself," what
would that mean to you?

Dan: That would mean you don't want to look stupid. Or dumb. Or you don't want to
be embarrassed. Really it means that you're embarrassed by somebody or you
embarrassed yourself.

Vanessa: Yeah. I don't want to make a fool of myself so I'm not going to speak out loud
when I get the chance to use English.

Dan: Yeah. And it definitely says that you think that you did something dumb, like very
dumb. Because a fool is a person who isn't very smart or at least not very wise
and doesn't do a lot of very intelligent things.

Vanessa: Yeah, so you don't want to make a fool out of yourself. You don't want to become
a fool. You don't want to become stupid so you don't do something. And I think
the way that Ailsa used this is really the perfect advice for you, for all of us.

Dan: Yeah, good advice.

Vanessa: When you're learning another language like English you have to be okay with the
idea that I will make a fool out of myself at some point. It's going to happen and I
have to be okay with that.

Dan: Yeah. You'll be embarrassed.

Vanessa: Yeah. At some point you're going to say the wrong thing. At some point you're
not going to know what to say, and you have to be okay with that or else you're
not going to improve. So you have to be okay with making a fool of yourself or
out of yourself.

Dan: Yes, and-

Vanessa: The big... Oh, go ahead.

Dan: Well I was going to say people can do this to you though as well. Right?

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[14:36]

Vanessa: That's what I was going to ask you.

Dan: He made a fool out of me. Or she made a fool of me. Right? Same meaning. So,
that means they did something that made you feel like you look dumb.

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: So they're making you look bad really. So if... Like an example would be maybe
you're with your girlfriend. Right? And you really trust her and you tell her all
kinds of wonderful things like I'm going to stay with you forever. And then the
next day she is talking to another man on the phone. This is a situation where
people say, "She made a fool of me. I trusted her, I told people she's my
wonderful girlfriend, and she's so amazing and then she made me look dumb
and embarrassed and sad."

Vanessa: Yeah, she made a fool of me. She kind of played with my emotions and didn't
honor our relationship. So we might say she made a fool of me or we could use
this kind of as a command, don't make a fool out of me. Don't make a fool of me.
You could use that in this kind of situation. Maybe if the boyfriend's angry with
his girlfriend because of this, "Don't make a fool out of me. What were you
doing? Tell me. Be honest with me. Don't make a fool of me. I want to be a true
person."

Dan: Yes. It doesn't have to be in a romantic relationship either. Somebody, maybe

another guy, can tease you and make you look dumb. And you could say, "He
made a fool out of me in that situation."

Vanessa: Yeah. If you just feel embarrassed because of someone else's actions. He made a
fool out of me. Or I made a fool out of myself. My own actions caused this
embarrassing situation. All right, let's watch the clips that you could see how this
was used. Listen carefully to Ailsa's beautiful advice because it is so important.
Let's watch.

Ailsa: And then finally you kind of like get vocabulary and you get moving and you just
have to be okay with making a fool out of yourself a little bit... And he best thing
about being in a foreign country...

You just have to be okay with making a fool out of yourself a little bit.

You just have to be okay with making a fool out of yourself a little bit.

Dan: The next expression is to gravitate. And as you can tell, this expression has the
word gravity, which is the natural phenomenon of things falling or being
attracted to each other. It's the most basic idea in physics. So in the same vein, so

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[16:53]

when you hear to gravitate, it implies that there's a natural attraction. Right? So
things will just automatically come together without very much effort. So, when
we use this with people, right, I was gravitated to her. Usually you'd say to each
other I think.

Vanessa: Yep.

Dan: We gravitated towards each other. So that actually happened with Vanessa and I.
Right? We just naturally liked each other. Right? We just gravitated to each other.

Vanessa: Yeah. So we could also say we gravitate to each other like Dan said, or we can use
another preposition and it's equally fine, same meaning. We gravitated towards
each other. So we could say we gravitated to each other, or we gravitated
towards each other.

Dan: Yeah, I'd say towards is probably the most common.

Vanessa: I think we use this a little bit more often in daily conversations. One little side
point is that you might see the word toward without an "S" or with an "S", and
you've got two choices. Both of these are fine. I feel like in American English,
especially in spoken English, we use the "S". I gravitated towards art classes. I
gravitated towards this type of... like Ailsa was saying, foreign exchange students
gravitated towards the more advanced type of classes. But you could also say, "I
gravitated to the more advanced type classes because I already had a base in
that foreign language." There's two different ways that we can use this, but
they're both the same. So I'm curious for you. What's something that you
gravitate towards?

Dan: Vanessa perhaps.

Vanessa: Oh. Maybe, English lessons. Maybe there's some type of English lesson that you
gravitate towards more than other lessons. Maybe vocabulary lessons more than
grammar lessons. Something like this.

Dan: Yeah. That's a good example for not just a person, right. You usually say this with
categories of things. Right? So I gravitate towards the grammar lesson. Right?
That's kind of what I prefer.

Vanessa: Yeah, when you get the new lesson set, what's the first thing that you watch?
That's a good way to tell what you naturally gravitate towards. All right, let's
watch the clips that you can see how this was used.

Ailsa: And I met a lot of other students who were also exchange students in Germany.
There were like five of us in one of my German classes and we were like, "Yeah, I

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[19:08]

was an exchange student." And they were like, "Me too, me too, me too." I was
like, "What a small world."

Vanessa: They all gravitated to those kind of classes?

Ailsa: Exactly. Maybe we just were all freshman...

Vanessa: They all gravitated to those kind of classes?

Ailsa: Exactly.

Vanessa: They all gravitated to those kind of classes?

Ailsa: Exactly.

Vanessa: The next expression is to pinpoint. A pin is that sharp little object, kind of like a
needle. Usually has a circular head on it, and you can put it on a map to show
different places. Or we might even just use the expression to pin on your phone.
You're going to pin a location on the map. But to pinpoint something could mean
to talk about something specifically or just something in general that's very
specific. So if I said, "Well, I met someone yesterday, but I just can't pinpoint why
I don't like her. I feel kind of weird when I talk with her. I can't pinpoint exactly
why."

Dan: Right. It's just saying you don't know why. But it's a much more colorful way to
say this. I can't pinpoint exactly why I don't like her or him.

Vanessa: Yeah, I just get this strange feeling when I talked with her. I can't pinpoint exactly
why.

Dan: But it kind of implies that you have a general idea that something is wrong.
Right? And I think this came from maps like you said. So if you pinpoint a
location, right, if you're in, let's say Asheville, and you point... If you pinpoint it on
the map, right, that's the exact location.

Vanessa: So in the conversation with Ailsa, I asked her, "When did you become fluent?"
And she said, "I can't exactly pinpoint there is fluency. That day, that time I
became fluent." I think that's also good advice because fluency really is a journey.
And you probably will never be completely satisfied with your English level. You'll
always be wanting to improve. And you'll always be wanting to become more and
more and more comfortable. So she said this same idea, "I can't say that is the
time that I became fluent. I can't pinpoint." Do you feel like we use this generally
in the negative sense?

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[21:14]

Dan: Yeah, I was going to say I think this is generally used in that negative sense, I can't
exactly pinpoint. I think people use the word exactly as well with this.

Vanessa: It kind of emphasizes exactly pinpoint even though pinpoint is already an exact
thing.

Dan: I think sometimes people might ask you, can you pinpoint something.

Vanessa: In a question or in a negative answer. But we don't really say, I can pinpoint... You
could say this, but it's not as common. I can pinpoint the moment that I fell in
love with him.

Dan: Right.

Vanessa: You could say that, but it's not quite as common because usually it is difficult in
life to pinpoint something.

Dan: Yeah, it would be more common for somebody to ask you, "Can you pinpoint
when exactly you fell in love with him?"

Vanessa: Then you might say, "Oh it's difficult to pinpoint. I can't pinpoint." Using this kind
of negative language. I can't pinpoint. It's not wrong if you use it in the positive
sense, but it's less likely that you'll use that because in life not many things are
easy to pinpoint. All right, let's watch the clip so you can see how this was used.

What happened in college that you went from “Hola” to now?

Ailsa: Right. Right. Well you know, I'm not really sure where I can like pinpoint there is
fluency.

I'm not really sure where I can like pinpoint there is fluency.

I'm not really sure where I can like pinpoint there is fluency.

Dan: The next expression is to kid. And this means to tease or joke around or even
kind of lightly lie about something. So the origins of this... I actually looked it up-

Vanessa: Okay.

Dan: Is a kid is a baby goat originally. Or your children. So if you kid somebody, it kind
of means to make them look like a child. To be embarrassed like a child. To make
them be ignorant, right or embarrassed. It's kind of like to make a fool of.

Vanessa: Okay.

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[23:12]

Dan: Really. So anyways, if you say I'm kidding, that means you're joking.

Vanessa: I'm joking.

Dan: Right. And people say this a lot, right? So you say a joke and a lot of times if you
say this to somebody, they're actually kind of angry at you, right? So you say
something like, "Whoa, your hair looks really interesting today, Gloria."

Vanessa: And they might say, "What, what's wrong with my hair?"

Dan: Right. That would actually be really light. Right. Maybe you'd say your hair looks
like... I don't know who’s somebody? What's the Flintstone woman? Wilma.

Vanessa: Wilma. Okay.

Dan: Your hair looks like Wilma today, right?

Vanessa: What?

Dan: I'm just kidding. Not really, it looks nice.

Vanessa: Okay. So in this situation Dan said something insulting and he tried to kind of go
back and say, "Oh well, I'm just kidding. I'm just kidding." It wasn't real. So you
can see that he's using this to kind of laugh at the other person, but then he
realizes oh, they're actually offended. They're actually upset so I'm going to kind
of go back and say, "Ah, just kidding."

Dan: Yeah. Or you could say, "I kid, I kid."

Vanessa: Uh-huh. Yeah, usually it doesn't help the other person to feel better because
what you said, it's too late, it's already out there. But you could use this also for
like a little lie. Let's say that we have some birthday cake in our fridge and Dan
says, "Oh, I'd like to eat a piece of cake." And I say, "Oh, I finished it all. Ha, ha."
And he says, "What?"

Dan: Wait, what?

Vanessa: I might say, "Oh, I'm just kidding. There's another piece in there."

Dan: Yeah, there you go. A little white lie we say.

Vanessa: Yeah, so Dan's not really upset. And it's not true, I didn't eat all the cake, but I
just want to kind of get a reaction from him. I want to see how he's going to react
because I think it'll be funny. So I might say, "Oh, I ate all the cake. Ha, ha, ha." He
said, "What?" So you're kind of using this to say-

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[24:57]

Dan: Yeah.

Vanessa: I've a little lie. Oh, I'm just kidding. I'm just kidding. Or you could say, “I'm just
joking.” I'm just joking.

Dan: Yeah, another-

Vanessa: Don't worry about it.

Dan: Another expression is kidding around. Right? So stop kidding around. That would
mean stop making a joke. Stop teasing me. Right?

Vanessa: Yeah, kind of making me feel negative about things. But in the conversation with
Ailsa she said, "I'm not kidding." She said this in a serious voice to mean, "I'm not
lying." So she wanted me to know that she wasn't telling a white lie. She was
talking about a girl who she met at the airport who she also met at the hostel
who became her roommate. Kind of this serendipitous experience where this girl
continued to be part of her life. So she wanted me to know she wasn't lying. I'm
not kidding. Or I'm not kidding you. This really happened. So she's trying to tell
me, "I'm not lying. It's real."

Dan: Yeah. And I would also say in this word we usually almost always say kidding, not
kid. Right? I kid, I kid. Sometimes we say that in a response to somebody. But
usually we say, "I'm just kidding."

Vanessa: I am. So we're using that “be” verb here. I am just kidding. I'm kidding.

Dan: Yeah.

Vanessa: You could say, "I kid," but it's not as common. That's just the root of this word. All
right, so let's watch the clips that you can see how I'm not kidding you was used
in the conversation with Ailsa.

Ailsa: And they end up staying in the hostel with you. I'm not kidding you. I studied
abroad in Chile in college. I met a girl in the airport in Atlanta from Mexico. We
ended up being roommates because she said, "I'm going to a hostel. Where are
you going to live?" I had no plans.

I'm not kidding you. I studied abroad in Chile in college. I met a girl in the airport
in Atlanta from Mexico.

I'm not kidding you. I studied abroad in Chile in college. I met a girl in the airport
in Atlanta from Mexico.

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Video 2: [00:00]

Vanessa: The next expression is vulnerable. And this originally has to do with being
physically unsafe. So for me as a human, if I were to walk into the jungle where
there's lions and other types of predators, if I didn't have a weapon, I would be
vulnerable.

Dan: Right. You could say, "She's left vulnerable."

Vanessa: Yes, I was left vulnerable in the middle of the woods. They just dropped me off
and didn't give me any kind of supplies or weapons. I was left vulnerable.

Dan: Yes. But this probably isn't the most typical way to use it nowadays.

Vanessa: Yeah, we're not often in those types of physical harm situations thankfully.

Dan: Yeah. A lot of times when we say this nowadays, we mean that we are being
vulnerable with somebody, meaning trusting.

Vanessa: Emotionally vulnerable.

Dan: Right. Yeah, you don't have your emotional defenses up. So if you're undefended
emotionally, then you're being vulnerable.

Vanessa: Yeah, so I feel like this is something that's difficult for a lot of people, but it is a
positive thing to be vulnerable with people who you're close to. So for example,
if Dan and I were to go on a first date. Maybe on the first date we just talk about
normal daily life, kind of get to know each other things. But maybe on the third
date or on the fourth date, maybe we start to talk about things that are a little bit
more serious, and I can be a little bit more serious and talk about things that are
difficult in my life. Or something that happened in my past that really affected
me. I would say that I can be vulnerable with Dan.

Dan: Ooh, yes.

Vanessa: Or I started to be vulnerable with him on our third or fourth date.

Dan: Yeah.

Vanessa: Which means I exposed my sensitive or emotional side, something that is not
defended.

Dan: So notice, there's a big difference between being vulnerable, and you are
vulnerable. I am vulnerable would mean I'm not safe, I'm in danger. But if you're
being vulnerable, you're being open and trusting.

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[2:05]

Vanessa: So if you want to check all of the small nuances of this expression, make sure that
you check out the lesson guide because if you say, "We went on a date and I was
vulnerable," versus, "I was acting vulnerable." There's just lots of little nuances
here so make sure that you use it in the correct way. Check out the lesson guide
so that you can feel familiar with that. And if someone says, "Thank you for
letting me be vulnerable with you," that's a beautiful compliment. They could let
down their emotional defenses and share something really personal with you. All
right. Let's watch the clips that you can see how this was used.

Ailsa: We're both kind of in this alternate reality. Like, neither of us live here. We're
both kind of being vulnerable and being in this transitional space and we meet
each other. And when someone's willing to do that with you, you're right, it's
rewarding and you don't realize, "Oh I needed a hug."

We're both kind of being vulnerable and being in this transitional space.

And we're both kind of being vulnerable and being in this transitional space.

Dan: The next expression is to make fun of. And does this mean you're having fun
with somebody?

Vanessa: Nope. Absolutely not.

Dan: No. Yeah, this is a strange expression because if you make fun of somebody, that
means you're teasing them and it's almost always in a mean way.

Vanessa: Yeah, you're saying something abut them, laughing at them. Ha, ha, look at Dan's
face. Ha, ha. Not nice.

Dan: Yeah. A lot of times it would be about appearance, right? So if I make fun of
Vanessa, I would say something abut her clothes or her hair. If you were... it's
usually kind of an ongoing thing, right? Like-

Vanessa: The bully was always making fun of her in class.

Dan: Mm-hmm. Yeah. So if you just keep on teasing somebody and they start getting
upset at you, you're probably making fun of them.

Vanessa: Yeah, it's not a good thing. So in the conversation with Ailsa, she said she likes to
travel with someone who doesn't make fun of her language skills. So when you
go to a new country, if you go to Germany like she did, she didn't know any
German. She was just starting off, and she needed to be surrounded by people
who wouldn't make fun of her for trying to speak German. When you're trying to
speak another language, you're really vulnerable. You don't have any defenses.

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[4:15]

You're just trying your best and making mistakes so she needed someone who
wouldn't make fun of her.

Dan: Yeah.

Vanessa: Who would just accept her mistakes and not laugh at her and tease her. Ha, ha
you said that wrong. No, you don't want someone like that.

Dan: Yeah, although this has a similar meaning to kidding, I think kidding around with
somebody can be playful or fun. But making fun of somebody is more mean. And
usually when we use this I think it's when we're defending ourselves so stop
making fun of me is something you might say. Or if you're talking about
somebody right? So, Vanessa's always making fun of my glasses. Well, she
wouldn't. Vanessa never makes fun of anybody.

Vanessa: Well, I also have glasses so.

Dan: That's true.

Vanessa: But maybe your kids, if your kids were in an English speaking environment,
maybe they speak English. They might say this about someone who they met at
school. "Oh this person in the class is always making fun of my friend. I feel so
bad. How can I help them?" It's often this kind of... imagine like a bully. This kind
of situation. Not positive. All right, let's watch the clips that you can see how this
was used.

Ailsa: Just someone to talk to me and like take time to not make fun of me. You're like,
you feel so nervous about your language skills-

Vanessa: Be on the same par with somebody else. That's so important.

Ailsa: Just someone to talk to me and like take time to not make fun of me.

Just someone to talk to me and like take time to not make fun of me.

Vanessa: The next expression is encompass. To encompass. Do you know what a compass
is? Just the physical noun, a compass?

Dan: Do I know?

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: A compass is something you use to get direction. It uses the Earth's magnetic
field to orient yourself.

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[5:55]

Vanessa: Yes. So when we're talking about encompassing something, we're meaning that
it is complete. It is using all parts of something. So, in the conversation with Ailsa,
she said that her job encompasses all of Buncombe County, which is the region
where we live. All of Buncombe County. So she needs to go to a school over here
and a school over there and a school over here. It kind of uses the full compass
that North, South, East, West, that's kind of that original feeling of the
expression. It encompasses.

Dan: Yeah. This is kind of similar to saying it covers something. Right? So just think of
covering a certain area. And a lot of times it is physical although I think of maybe
like a course, so the course encompasses maybe world history up to World War I.
Something like that.

Vanessa: Yeah, so have you ever been in a course that just encompassed such a wide range
of material that you couldn't really learn anything in detail?

Dan: Yeah. I would say world history in general. Although now they-

Vanessa: What is world history? It's so broad.

Dan: They usually just say that's everything but western history in America anyways.

Vanessa: Okay. So you might learn about Asian history, Middle Eastern, African, South
American...

Dan: Of course, it's hard not to touch on some western culture because we kind of
spread out everywhere and just touched everybody.

Vanessa: Yeah. So when you say that a class encompasses this material, that's not physical,
but it's this idea that you're learning all of this material the class covers. We talk
about all this material or maybe your job duties encompass these
responsibilities. It's not something physical, but it's just including those things.

Dan: Yeah. Talking about the range of things.

Vanessa: Yeah. All right, let's watch the clips that you can see how this was used.

Ailsa: What we do is we go into schools all over Buncombe County, so I'll drive as far as
north Buncombe, which is in Weaverville, as far south as almost to Fletcher. Black
Mountain to Leicester. So it encompasses a large territory. So probably like 30
minutes in each direction. So it's a lot of driving.

So it encompasses a large territory.

So it encompasses a large territory.

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[8:00]

Dan: The next expression is all sorts of. And this just means many different things. So I
have all sorts of talents. Like playing the piano.

Vanessa: Okay.

Dan: And cooking.

Vanessa: Okay.

Dan: Okay. Maybe my talents aren't so varied. I don't have all sorts of talents. That's
probably not something I'd say. But I don't know, what are some situations you
would say this?

Vanessa: Well, this expression just to let you know, is the exact same thing as all kinds of.
So if you go to your friend's house, and she's going to make some dinner for you
and she opens her cabinet and there are all sorts of spices there, there's
everything you could possibly imagine. She has so many spices, you might say,
"Wow, you have all sorts of spices." This means you have all kinds of spices in
your cabinet. Wow, it's pretty impressive. It's a wide range. It's a big variety. So
this could be used for anything that has a lot of something.

Dan: Yeah. And this is pretty casual. I'd say it's maybe used a little less common than
all kinds of.

Vanessa: I think so.

Dan: Yeah, but I mean, they're pretty similar. You could say either one, everybody will
understand you and it's very common.

Vanessa: Yeah, maybe it's like a 60% to 40%-

Dan: Sure.

Vanessa: 60% say all kinds of. And I use both interchangeably. So you're welcome to use
these, and that's what Ailsa chose to use when she said, "Oh we do all sorts of
things at my job." You could also say, "We do all kinds of things at my job." Those
are great expressions.

Dan: Yeah. Do you have all sorts of kind of... all sorts of videos?

Vanessa: Yeah. For my channel? Yeah.

Dan: On YouTube.

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[9:36]

Vanessa: Yeah. There's vocabulary videos, grammar videos. But there's a lot of things that I
don't do. Like I don't just walk around the neighborhood and talk about these
kind of Vlog style videos. It's not really my style.

Dan: Yeah, I'm not sure it's an expression you would necessarily use for Vanessa's
YouTube channel.

Vanessa: Or you could say I have all sorts of English lessons available.

Dan: Sure.

Vanessa: So there's a variety within that category. So you can use this in a lot of different
ways, but let's watch to see how Ailsa used it.

Ailsa: We do IEP meetings, which are like special education individualized education
plans. We do all sorts of stuff. So sometimes there'll be an open house and there
will be parents there that don't speak English very well.

We do all sorts of stuff.

We do all sorts of stuff.

Vanessa: The next expression is a step beyond. Or we can use it as a verb to step beyond.
So in the conversation with Ailsa, she was talking about how she learned Spanish
and then she became an interpreter. And I feel like that's pretty impressive
because, like I said in the conversation, being an interpreter is a step beyond just
knowing a language. Maybe if you know two languages, it's still tough to become
an interpreter. That is another level. It's a step beyond just knowing that
language, trying to do immediate interpretation like that.

Dan: Yeah. Taking it to the next level one might say.

Vanessa: Yeah. So how could we use this as a verb? If we say to step beyond.

Dan: You can say I'm stepping beyond my hometown, and I'm seeing the world. Right?
It's kind of the same idea of advancing somewhere, either more culture, more
difficulty in something, but you can just use it as a verb. I'm going to step beyond
the level I'm at now in hockey and I'm going to get training.

Vanessa: Oh, okay. Maybe you're doing that now with English. You said, "I want to step
beyond my current level, or maybe my current level of just comfortness with
English. I want to step beyond that. Maybe get out of my comfort zone and join
the Fearless Fluency Club and speak with their people and use English more in
my life." So you might be taking your English to the next level. You're going to

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[11:39]

take it a step beyond where you were before or you might just want to step
beyond.

Dan: Yes. Vanessa's courses are a step beyond your average English course.

Vanessa: Oh, thank you, you're so nice. All right, let's watch the clips that you can see how
this was used.

Because studying interpretation or doing that… Is like you said, a step beyond
speaking a language. How did you decide that that was what you wanted to try?

Because studying interpretation or doing that... Is, like you said, a step beyond
speaking a language.

Because studying interpretation or doing that… Is, like you said, a step beyond
speaking a language.

Dan: The next expression is good enough. Vanessa, you're good enough for me.

Vanessa: Oh, thank you. Maybe?

Dan: Is that a compliment?

Vanessa: Not really.

Dan: In that sense romantically, maybe not. So this expression actually has two kind of
meanings. So it can be motivational for a person if you say, "I'm good enough."
Right? That means that you are acceptable. You will do a good job even though
you probably doubt yourself. That's usually the sense people say this. But if you
say something like, "Oh, the cookies are good enough to serve," right, it means
they're not great. But they're pretty good. You'll still give them to somebody.

Vanessa: Yeah. It's not your best effort. So maybe if you are taking an English exam and
you write an essay and your time is running short. You only have two minutes
left, you have to review the essay and you review it for two minutes, "Okay, well I
hope it's good enough." Or you might just say, "Well, it's good enough. I probably
will pass. It'll probably let me at least pass the exam but I'm not going to get a
high score." It's good enough.

Dan: Yeah. And for a test if you say it's good enough, that could even be like a C.

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: Yeah, it's not really like a B or an A. It's not an A. Maybe a B.

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[13:39]

Vanessa: Yeah. It depends on the grading system of the test-

Dan: Or the person and their expectations.

Vanessa: Yes. Yeah. So if someone gives you something, maybe at your office and someone
says, "Okay, I finished the report and it's good enough." And use kind of this tone
of voice, maybe this body language, like eh, your shoulders move a little bit. Eh,
it's good enough. It's good enough. It means it's not great.

Dan: Yeah.

Vanessa: It is passable. It's only passable. That's it.

Dan: So it's interesting, when I said you're good enough for me, for some reason it
didn't come off as a compliment.

Vanessa: Yeah, it kind of feels like-

Dan: Especially romantically. It's not very good. You want to say to your partner, "I love
you. You're great."

Vanessa: You're great.

Dan: You're the best.

Vanessa: Yeah. If you say you're good enough for me, it kind of means like your standards
are not high enough.

Dan: It's like, oh yeah, you'll do.

Vanessa: Yeah, you're passable. Okay. It doesn't feel great as a character trait.

Dan: But it's different if you say it about yourself, right? It's kind of like a self talk kind
of thing if you're like, "I'm good enough to do this."

Vanessa: Yes. Oh, at least I can pass. At least I've got some kind of skill where... and that's
the way that Ailsa used it. She said, "I didn't think that I was good enough to pass
the interview, but I got the job." So she had this kind of doubtful self talk, "Oh, I
don't think I'm good enough." But, in the end she was good enough.

Dan: Right. So to recap, if you say it about yourself, it's probably motivational. If you
say it-

Vanessa: I'm good enough. I can do it.

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[15:08]

Dan: If you say it about somebody, it's probably not a great compliment. And if you say
it about something, it's also just okay.

Vanessa: Yeah, it just means, eh, it's passable. Eh, it's okay. If you have any questions
about this, check out the lesson guide or feel free to send me an email. This
expression is used a lot, but it does have some nuances that we've mentioned, so
you want to make sure that you use it in the best way possible. So, let's watch
the clip.

Ailsa: Well, Vanessa, at first I was actually really nervous. I didn't think I was good
enough to do it. And it's a little bit of that imposter syndrome where you don't
think you're smart enough. You don't think you're good enough. You think
someone else can be better at it.

At first, I was actually really nervous. I didn't think I was good enough to do it.

At first, I was actually really nervous. I didn't think I was good enough to do it.

Vanessa: The next expression is to have no idea. And this means you have no knowledge
about something. You really don't know about something. It's quite strong.

Dan: Although it is not literal, right? You have something in your head.

Vanessa: You have some ideas in your head, but maybe not about that topic.

Dan: Right.

Vanessa: So in the conversation with Ailsa, she said that when she went to the interview
for the interpretation job, she didn't know what to expect. She had no earlier
ideas about it. She could say, "I had no idea about the interview." And I feel like
this is pretty strong. If you say, "I had no idea." Really it means you had no idea.
You had no previous preconceived ideas about it.

Dan: Right. So for example, if Vanessa asked me, "What time is it," and I said, "I have
no idea," that means maybe I'm not outside. I haven't looked at a watch in hours.
Right? You would really have to not know or even be able to guess about
something.

Vanessa: Yeah. So maybe if someone asks you how to use a certain word. Maybe you're
talking with a friend in the Fearless Fluency Club, you're talking together and
they say, "Oh, I'm looking for the word that means this and this and this." And
you might say, "Oh, I have no idea what that word is." Like they're trying to think
of a word. Maybe you really have no clue about that word so you just look in a
thesaurus or you just ask me.

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[17:11]

Dan: Another time some people might say this is if you're taking a test or you're
playing a game and you don't know the answer at all. You just say, "I have no
idea. I don't know."

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: Right? It's just a lot stronger, more colorful. Or maybe somebody's talking about
you or something you did, but you don't remember it or it's a lie. You could say, "I
have no idea what they're talking about."

Vanessa: I feel like we can use this to kind of defend ourselves. If we use this in the past
tense, "I had no idea," maybe it means that you did something that hurt
someone else, and you weren't aware that you were hurting them. So let's
imagine that your friend's dog died over the weekend and you didn't know. And
you just got a new puppy. So you call your friend say, "Oh can you come over? I
want to show you my new puppy. I'm so excited." And they say, "Oh, I can't see.
Oh no, I can't do it." Why are they crying? You're just so shocked. And then they
say, "Oh, my dog died over the weekend." You might say, "Oh, I had no idea. I'm
so sorry."

Dan: Right. Yeah.

Vanessa: I was hurting you and I didn't know it.

Dan: Yeah, that's a good example. We use this when we're looking back in the past
with the advantage of hindsight, right? So maybe somebody was at the grocery
store at the same time you were. Maybe it was Brad Pitt.

Vanessa: Okay.

Dan: Brad Pitt walks behind you. And you leave the grocery store and everybody's like,
"Did you see him? Did you see him?" And you say, "What? Who?" Brad Pitt.

Vanessa: Oh, I had no idea.

Dan: I had no idea. He was in the grocery store? Oh, no.

Vanessa: Yeah. So-

Dan: That's what I would say. I love Brad Pitt.

Vanessa: You do?

Dan: He's beautiful.

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[18:47]

Vanessa: Okay. So if you say this about the past, it means that you were clueless about
something that you wanted to be aware of, or you should have been aware of. So
I'm curious for you, has there ever been a time that you've maybe hurt
someone's feelings because you weren't aware about a situation that they were
going through or something that they were struggling with ... they were trying to
get into a college-

Dan: Or you missed Brad Pitt in the grocery store.

Vanessa: Yeah. Yeah, and then you just-

Dan: Common things.

Vanessa: Yeah, I had no idea. All right, let's watch the clips that you can see how this was
used.

Ailsa: What an interview, and it was one interview. And there was no phone screen. It
was just like, come in. So I went in, I had no idea what to expect. I was so
nervous, and I told my mother and my boyfriend, I was like, "I'm sure I didn't get
that job."

And I had no idea what to expect.

And I had no idea what to expect.

Dan: The next expression is in vain. And this just means without success. And usually
we say this if we are talking about going through maybe some struggle and then
if you say it was in vain, that means that you struggled a lot, but then you had
failure. Or you could say it wasn't in vain and that means even though you
struggled really hard, it wasn't in vain. You succeeded. Congratulations.

Vanessa: Yes. So, there is another expression you might have heard the word vain by itself.
If you say he is vain, she is vain, talking about someone's personality, this is a
different meaning. It means that they just care about their looks. But that's a
different expression. So here we're using in vain. And it's talking abut this
struggle. You're working really hard for something. And this is perfect for learning
English. And I mean, that's what Ailsa used it for was for language learning, that
you're working really hard to learn these expressions and then you watch an
English TV show and you hear the expression in vain. And you say, "I know what
that means. Yes. My studying wasn't in vain." It wasn't in vain means it's
successful. Wow. I didn't do it for no purpose. It was for a purpose. Yes.

Dan: Yeah. And I think this is a pretty dramatic expression. So you wouldn't use this
casually, right, like "I cooked dinner in vain. It didn't turn out well."

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[21:02]

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: It has to be-

Vanessa: That's not a big struggle.

Dan: Right. It has to be a bigger struggle. Right? Days and days of lessons and practice
and maybe you're trying to interview for a job or you have a big test and you
study for it for a long time. If you fail that test, then you've studied in vain.

Vanessa: Yes.

Dan: It's dramatic.

Vanessa: So let's review this because I feel like it's a little bit tricky that when you use this
in a positive way, for example, "My studying was in vain. I failed the test.". This
means that you didn't succeed. But we're using the sentence positively. My
studying was in vain. But if we make the sentence negative, "My studying wasn't
in vain," it means you passed the test. So it's a little bit tricky that when you use
it positively, it means failure. And when you use it negatively, it means success.
So make sure you just take a deep breath. Your studying is not in vain. You can
check out the lesson guide as well to review this. It's a beautiful expression that
I'm sure you're going to hear in daily life and also hopefully you can use yourself
too. All right, let's watch the clip.

Ailsa: It just makes you feel like, okay all this studying and everything I've done wasn't
in vain. And not that it was because if that's your passion, you love it anyway. But
I mean, to hear someone else say like you are good enough.

All the studying and everything I've done wasn't in vain.

All the studying and everything I've done wasn't in vain.

Vanessa: The next and final expression is to keep at it.

Dan: Oh, you guys should keep at it.

Vanessa: Yes. And notice the pronunciation here. In the word keep at, there's a final "T"
here, but that's going to change to a "D" when we say it quickly. Keep ad it. Ad.
Ad it. Keep at it. And if I said to you, "You should keep at it. Your progress is
growing quickly," what would that mean to you?

Dan: That means keep on trying. Keep on going. Right? And then you have to have the
context already in place. So maybe it's for studying for a test. Right? Keep at it.

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[23:03]

Vanessa: Yeah.

Dan: Keep on going. Keep trying. And usually we would say this if we're feeling doubt
or we're feeling sad or we're just not-

Vanessa: Why am I doing this?

Dan: Right. Yeah, that's when we'd say keep at it.

Vanessa: Yeah. So I hope that if you're feeling like your English isn't improving or like
you're feeling like you're reaching a plateau or you're not sure what to do, I hope
you keep at it. I hope you don't give up on English. And speak with someone else
in the course. That's a great way to get some motivation and to help you feel like
okay, I can keep at it. Here it is. English. Keep at it and I'm going to keep studying.
I'm going to enjoy what I'm doing because I've got a friend around the world who
I can speak with. So I decided I'm going to keep at it. And it is whatever the
context is that you're talking about. Let's check out how this was used in the
conversation with Ailsa. She used it in a motivational way talking about your
progress, so I hope that it will be inspirational to you as well. Let's watch.

Ailsa: You know, just because you don't do great on a test or you do one thing that you
feel like is not great, just keep at it. Because I mean, honestly I think like you said,
we doubt ourselves and we underestimate ourselves...

Just because you don't do great on a test or you do one thing that you feel like is
not great, just keep at it.

Just because you don't do great on a test or you do one thing that you feel like is
not great, just keep at it.

Vanessa: Thanks so much for watching this vocabulary lesson. I appreciate that you took
some time out of your day. I hope it was not in vain. I hope you'll be able to use
these words, and thanks so much for joining me Dan.

Dan: You're welcome.

Vanessa: The next step is to go to the lesson guide and look at all of the definitions and
sample sentences. There is also a page full of questions, one for each of these
words. Write down your answers to those questions, read them out loud and
speak with a friend, another member of this group around the world. A lot of you
do this, and for me I feel like this is the best motivation to help you keep at it.

Dan: Yes. She's not kidding. Keep at it.

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[24:59]

Vanessa: Yeah, I'm not kidding. You've got this. If you have any questions about the
vocabulary or if you want any feedback on your sentences, feel free to send me
an email or send me a message on Facebook. That's why I'm here. I want to help
you improve. Thanks so much, and we'll see you the next time.

Dan: Bye.

Vanessa: Bye. To pinpoint.

Dan: I can’t see...

Vanessa: To find the exact...

Dan: I can't pinpoint anything without my glasses.

Vanessa: I'm not sure where I can pinpoint...

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 Transcript Index
This index will help you to quickly match the page and the time in the lesson so that you can
easily follow along and understand each word.

Video 1:

Page 1: 0:00 – 1:54

Page 2: 1:54 – 4:04

Page 3: 4:04 – 5:52

Page 4: 5:52 – 7:16

Page 5: 7:16 – 9:07

Page 6: 9:07 – 10:45

Page 7: 10:45 – 12:49

Page 8: 12:49 – 14:36

Page 9: 14:36 – 16:53

Page 10: 16:53 – 19:08

Page 11: 19:08 – 21:14

Page 12: 21:14 – 23:12

Page 13: 23:12 – 24:57

Page 14: 24:57 – 26:49

Video 2:

Page 15: 1:54 – 2:05

Page 16: 2:05 – 4:15

Page 17: 4:15 – 5:55

Page 18: 5:55 – 8:00

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Page 19: 8:00 – 9:36

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