Embryology mcq

1. The embryo cardinal venous vessels which drain into the sinus venosus are:
A. Anterior cardinal veins
B. Superior cardinal veins
C. Common cardinal veins
D. Inferior cardinal veins
E. All
2. One of the following embryonic vein does not contribute for formation of superior vena
cava
A. Right common cardinal vein
B. Left common cardinal vein
C. Right anterior cardinal vein
D. None
E. All
3. Which of the following embryonic blood vessel contain purely oxygenated blood
A. Dorsal aortae
B. Vitelline vein
C. Umbilical arteries
D. Umbilical veins
E. A & C
4. The myocardium of heart is derived from___________
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm
D. None
E. All
5. The basic difference between embryonic and neonatal circulation is that__________
A. Lung is not functional during embryonic period
B. There is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in neonatal blood
C. Nonfunctional umbilical vessels in neonatal period
D. Venous shunt(ductus venosus), arterial shunt(ductus arteriosus) and shunt in
the heart(septal defects) is not functional during neonatal period
E. All
6. Cardiac precursor cells form from which layer?
A. Hypoblast
B. Ectoderm
C. Epiblast
D. Notocord
E. Endoderm

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 7. On what day does the heart start to beat?
A. 22
B. 24
C. 26
D. 28
8. Where is the ostium primum formed?
A. Between Right and Left Ventricles
B. Between Right and Left Atria
C. Between Right Atrium and Ventricle
D. Between Left Atrium and Ventricle
E. Within the Coronary Sinus
9. Which of the following is NOT associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
A. Pulmonary stenosis 
B. Pulmonary atresia
C. Septal defect
D. Right ventricular hypertrophy
E. Dextroposition of the Aorta (over riding aorta)
10. Which embryonic structure is NOT correctly matched with its postnatal derivative?
A. Umbilical artery - medial umbilical ligament
B. Ductus venosus - ligamentum venosum
C. Ductus arteriosus - ligamentum teres
D. Foramen ovale - fossa ovalis
E. None
11. When a baby is born and takes its first breath, the change in pulmonary pressure causes
which embryonic vessel to constrict?
A. Ductus venosus
B. Umbilical vein
C. Umbilical artery
D. Ductus arteriosus
E. All
12. Which pathway correctly describes blood flow through the developing heart?
A. Truncus arteriosus -> ventricle -> atrium -> atrioventricular canal->bulbos cordis
B. Atrium -> ventricle -> atrioventricular canal -> bulbus cordis ->truncus arteriosus
C. Atrium -> atrioventricular canal -> ventricle -> bulbos cordis->truncus arteriosus
D. Truncus arteriosus -> bulbos cordis->ventricle -> atrioventricular canal ->atrium
E. None
13. Aortic arch IV forms the ____ on the right side of the embryo and the ____ on the left
A. Right subclavian artery; Arch of aorta 
B. Ductus arteriosus; Pulmonary Artery
C. Arch of aorta; Pulmonary Artery
D. Ductus arteriosus; Right subclavian artery
E. Arch of aorta; Ductus arteriosus

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 14. At birth, a child’s skin appears much less pink than would be expected. The physician
determines that the child’s ductus arteriosus did not close. The child has a blue
tint because the ductus arteriosus is shunting blood from the ____ to the ____.
A. Right Atrium; Left Atrium 
B. Pulmonary Artery; Aorta
C. Right Ventricle; Left Ventricle
D. Inferior Vena Cava; Right Atrium
E. Descending Aorta; Umbilical Arteries
15. Closure of the foramen primum results from fusion of the
A. Septum secundum and the fused endocardial cushions
B. Septum secundum and the septum primum
C. Septum primum and the fused endocardial cushions
D. Septum primum and the septum spurium
E. Septum primum and the sinoatrial valves
16. Which statement is CORRECT about heart tube folding?
A. The bulbus cordis moves inferiorly, posteriorly, and to the embryo's right side
B. The primitive ventricle moves to the embryo's right side
C. The sinus venosus moves superiorly and anteriorly
D. The primitive atrium moves superiorly and posteriorly
E. All
17. The right ventricle of the heart is formed primarily from which embryonic structure?
A. Primitive ventricle
B. Primitive atrium
C. Bulbus cordis
D. Sinus venosus
E. None
18. The most common type of cardiac septal defect is:
A. Muscular type ventricular septal defect, or VSD
B. Secundum type atrial septal defect, or ASD
C. Membranous type VSD
D. Primum type ASD
E. Sinus venosus

19. In utero, the ductus venosus helps shunt blood away from the very first organ it reaches
to more important organs like the brain. This shunt bypasses the ____.
A. Lungs
B. Aorta
C. Spleen
D. Pancreas
E. Liver

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 20. Structures that originate from neural crest cells include
A. Autonomic ganglions
B. Schwann cells
C. Leptomeninges
D. Melanocytes
E. All
21. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Endoderm gives rise to neural crest cells
B. The notocord induces overlying ectoderm to form the neural plate
C. The neural plate folds and fuses to form the neural tube
D. Neural crest cells arise from the lateral lips of the neural plate
E. The neural tube gives rise to the spinal cord and brain
22. Pia and arachnoid arise from neural crest cells, but dura mater arises from:
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Cardiac cushions
E. None
23. Which of the following does NOT describe the newly closed neural tube or the layersof
differentiation from those cells?
A. Pseudostratified
B. Apical
C. Ventricular
D. Mantle
E. Marginal
24. Which spinal cord layer contains cell bodies and astrocytes?
A. Ventricular  
B. Ependymal
C. Mantle
D. Marginal
E. Pseudostratified
25. In the development of the nervous system:
A. There are five primary brain vesicles
B. During the 5th week, each brain vesicle subdivides into 2 parts
C. The pontine flexure is in a direction opposite the mesencephalic and cervical
flexure
D. Neural epithelial cells are found in the marginal layer
E. All are true

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 26. A physician wants to take CSF from a 3 days old baby for an investigation. Where should
the physician insert the needle to avoid injury to the spinal cord:
A. Below level of lower border of S1
B. Below level of lower border of L3
C. Below level of lower border of T12
D. Can take anywhere along the vertebral line
E. None
27. Which of the following is not secondary brain vesicle
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Mesencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. None
28. True regarding myelination of nerves
A. Myelination in CNS is by oligodendrocytes
B. PNS myelination is by Schwann cells
C. Motor cells are mylinated before sensory cells
D. A & B
E. All
29. Of the following, the item most closely associated with the pons is:
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Mesencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Myelencephalon
30. Which layer of skin is responsible for production of new cells?
A. Stratum corneum 
B. Stratum lucidum
C. Stratum granulosum
D. Stratum spinosum
E. Stratum germinativum
31. At birth the infant is covered by a whitish paste (vernix caseosa), which protects the skin
against the macerating action of amniotic fluid. Which of the following is the
vernixcaseosa derived from?
A. Arrector pili muscles 
B. Dermal root sheaths
C. Hair papilla
D. Sebaceous gland
E. All

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 32. Mammary glands are formed from which of the following?
A. Neural crest
B. Endoderm
C. Mesenchyme
D. Ectoderm
E. All
33. From what layer of the epidermis do hair follicles begin to proliferate?
A. Stratum corneum 
B. Stratum lucidum
C. Stratum granulosum
D. Stratum spinosum
E. Stratum germinativum
34. Differentiations of ameloblasts from the internal enemal epithelium takes place in which
of the following stage of tooth development?
A. Bud stage
B. Cap stage
C. Early bell stage
D. Eruption
E. None of the above
35. Total dysraphism of the brain is called:
A. Anencephaly
B. Spina bifida occulta
C. Meningomyocele
D. All except C
E. None

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