Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism

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@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs. Sarah Gibbons - Lecturer
Referencing and
A presentation by Sarah Gibbons for LSC

avoiding Plagiarism
Let's think about
research
1. What is research?
2. Why is research important?
3. How do you research for your assignment?
Discuss with a partner..
@Copyri ghts All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs . Sarah Gibbons -
Lecturer
2
1.1 What is
research?
• Investigation to improve your knowledge
about a subject
• Investigation of peer reviewed sources
• What are peer reviewed sources?
3
1.2 Peer reviewed
sources
• In academic writing 'source' refers to where
the information comes from.
• It is the ideas and work of other authors.
• Sources need to have been written by experts
and have been peer reviewed.
• Peer reviewed means the sources have been
read by experts and proven to be reliable! For
example, journals.
• Foundation year is less strict, and you can use a
range of sources such as online newspaper
articles and websites.
@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs.

4
Sarah Gibbons - Lecturer
1.3 Research includes the following:
Ideas, data,
explanations, arguments
and counter arguments
from sources
What are academic

arguments and counter
arguments?
Lecturer 5
1.4 Academic arguments
These are not actual fights!
Lecturer 6
1.5 Academic arguments and counter
arguments
• Arguments:
• Positions and perspectives on a topic
• Based on research and evidence
• Counter arguments:
• Opposing positions and perspectives on a topic
• Based on research and evidence
Lecturer 7
8 2.1 Why is research
important?
• To develop and support objective arguments

1. What does objective mean?
2. Why is it important to be objective in academic writing?
• Not influenced by personal feelings or emotions
• Able to focus on the facts
2.2 Objective • A good argument is unbiased – not influenced by your
personal biases.
• What is a bias?!
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2.3 Research strengthens your
arguments
• You need evidence to support your views.

• Gives credibility to your ideas and makes them more believable.
• Helps you produce good quality academic assignments.
• It is not enough to just give your opinion.
Lecturer 10
2.4 How do you start researching?
• Research the key words of your assignment.

• Use synonyms and different combinations of words.
• If you want to research 'listening skills' try:
• Listening, listening skills, listening technique, improve listening etc.
@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs. Sarah Gibbons - Lecturer 11
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Now let's look 1. What is plagiarism?

2. What is referencing?
at plagiarism and
@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC

3. What is paraphrasing?
Group. Credits: Mrs. Sarah Gibbons -

referencing 4.
5.
Paraphrasing or direct quote?
When should you reference?
Lecturer
6. Do you need to reference for
your assignments?
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1.1 What is plagiarism
• Plagiarism is when you use information, ideas

and arguments from other authors....
• But
1. You don't include references or in-text citations
2. You don't paraphrase
• This is considered stealing and is a serious offense
1.2 Plagiarism has different forms
1. Intentional – you try to pretend another

person's work is your own
2. Unintentional – you don't reference or
paraphrase properly
3. Collusion – you work closely with someone else
• These cases will fail due to academic misconduct.
Lecturer 14
1.3 Avoid plagiarism with the following:
Correct More about

Paraphrasing
referencing these now...
Lecturer 15
2.1 What is referencing?
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• Acknowledging the ideas and work of other authors

(the source)
• Shows which ideas, arguments and opinions are from
other people
• Gives people a way to identify the original source
2.2 Referencing
requires two parts:
1. In-text citations
2. A complete list of sources at the end – The Reference List
• The reference list is not included in the word count.
• You need to follow a style called Harvard referencing.
• There is an example on the next page.
• Reference the source every time you mention their ideas or
arguments during the assignment.
Lecturer 17
2.3 An example of in-text
citations and a reference list
Bghghgkhkjgjghfighknhkfhjsdljdkfjnuihu (Trump, 2009). It was very
significant because gknngkfjgfggklmhklh and this points to the
conclusion that jghijdtohjlfdkjfpa. Additionally, hjglkhmlkfjgfkglhko
which raises questions about previous statements (Johnson, 2020).
Trump, D. (2009). An American experience. 5th Edition. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.
Johnson, B. (2020). The British Way. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Can you see any in-text citations or references?
Lecturer 18
2.4 Referencing recap
• Every time you use information from a source, you need to include an in-text citation
- the author's surname and the year published like this: (Gibbons, 2020)
• The reference list is on a separate page at the end of your assignment. Arrange the
names in alphabetical order by author's surname.
• The following examples are for a book and a web page with an individual author:
1. Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title. Place of publication: Publisher. Series

and volume number if relevant.
2. Surname, Initial. (Year that the site was published/last updated) Title of web page.
Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Lecturer 19
2.5 Referencing quiz!
For your assignments you need to

include in-text citations and a reference list.
Discuss the following questions..
• What is a source?
• What information do you need for the in-text citation?
• Where do you put the in-text citation?
• What information do you need for the reference list?
• Where does the reference list go?
• What is plagiarism?
Lecturer 20
2.6 Answers
An in-text citation needs the An in-text citation comes after

The source is the author
author's surname and the year the source in the body of
and the book/ website etc.
published. your assignment.
Reference list needs: Surname, Plagiarism is when you do

Initial. (Year of The reference list is on a not acknowledge your sources
publication) Title. Place separate page in alphabetical and when you do not
of publication: Publisher. order at the end of paraphrase the information
Additional details are needed your assignment. (paraphrase = put information
for online sources. in your own words).
Lecturer 21
3.1 What is paraphrasing?
• Once you find a source you must do the following:
• Put the information in your own words.
• Change the structure and the vocabulary from the
original.
• Keep the same meaning.
• Don't copy the information and ideas exactly.
• This is plagiarism and it is an offence.
@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs. Sarah Gibbons -
Lecturer 22
3.2 Paraphrase properly and avoid plagiarism!
• Read the original a few times.

• Hide it!
• Write the main ideas from memory.
• Rearrange the order of the ideas.
• Once it's written compare it with the original.
• Rephrase any phrases that are similar.
• Put the intext citation after the information.
@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs.

23
Sarah Gibbons - Lecturer
3.3 Let's practice – read this text
At university you will have many assignments. It is very important that
you do research because this allows you to support your ideas with
evidence. However, one problem that students often have is
paraphrasing the information. Paraphrasing means putting the
information into your own words and properly acknowledging it with
an in-text citation and reference list. Students can avoid plagiarism if
they follow these steps.
Written by Sarah Gibbons - lecturer
Lecturer 24
3.4 Now try and remember the text...
• Hopefully, you remember the main ideas!

• The meaning stays the same.
• The key words will stay the same for example:
research, paraphrasing, in-text citations,
referencing and plagiarism.
• The other words and the structure need to change.
Lecturer 25
4.1 Paraphrasing or direct quote?
Hopefully now
Which should you
you know what What is a direct
use in your
paraphrasing quote?
assignment?
means.
Lecturer 26
4.2 What is the difference between
a direct quote and paraphrasing?
1. Direct quotes are the same as the original source

and within “inverted commas”.
For example: "The purpose of our lives is to
be happy" (Dalai Lama, 1998).
2. Paraphrasing means keeping the meaning but
changing the structure and the words. For
example: People have many different purposes
in life however being happy should be a
priority (Dalai Lama, 1998).
• Both need an in-text citation and reference.
@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs. Sarah Gibbons -
Lecturer 27
4.3 Direct
quotes and paraphrasing
• For your assignment:
• Direct quotes should only be used if the words are clever and
unique. They are more useful for famous statements like "The
purpose of our lives is to be happy" (Dalai Lama, 1998).
• For YOUR assignments it is more effective to paraphrase. It
shows deeper understanding and improves the flow of your
writing.
• Read the information, understand it and then try to write it in
your own words.
• BE CAREFUL – most students fail because they DO NOT
paraphrase. Then the information is highlighted as plagiarized.
Lecturer 28
4.4 Here are some examples
of famous direct quotes
These types of comment you could include as direct quotes

because they are short and powerful in meaning.
1. "The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in
rising every time we fall." -Nelson Mandela
2. "The way to get started is to quit talking and begin
doing." -Walt Disney
3. "Spread love everywhere you go. Let no one ever come to
you without leaving happier." -Mother Teresa
4. "You will face many defeats in life, but never let yourself
be defeated." -Maya Angelou
5. "Love the life you live. Live the life you love." -Bob Marley
6. "If you really look closely, most overnight successes took
a long time." -Steve Jobs
Lecturer 29
5.1 When should you reference?
• All ideas, information and arguments from other

sources.
• Not necessary when information is commonly
known for example:
• Paris is the capital of France.
• This is a fact and does not need to be referenced.
Lecturer 30
5.2 Should you reference these examples?
• 1. Dogs are easier to train than cats.

• 2. 63% of graduates receive well-paid jobs within 2 years.
• 3. Exercise is good for you.
• 4. Unemployment will rise by 25% after Brexit.
@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs. Sarah Gibbons - Lecturer 31
6. Do you need to reference
for your assignments?
• Yes!
• The quality of your ideas and arguments is stronger
when you reference
• You will lose marks if you don't.
• You could be accused of plagiarism.
• Can you remember what plagiarism is?
• Discuss with a partner
Lecturer 32
Avoiding plagiarism advice
Submit your assignment on Turnitin
Check your similarity
The similarity level is in the tool bar on the right where it says, 'match overview'
Try and keep this below 25%.
If it is too high rewrite those sections – improve your paraphrasing
Make sure you have in-text citations and references
Resubmit your assignment
You can only resubmit 3 times in 24 hours
Lecturer 33
Referencing
overview
34
• In conclusion, referencing gets easier the more you practise!

@Copyri ghts All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group.
• It is a skill which you will improve with each assignment!

Credi ts: Mrs . Sarah Gibbons - Lecturer
• There are many useful videos on YouTube..

The importance How to start
of research researching
Recap of Plagiarism and

Referencing – in-
text citations and
today's lesson how to avoid it
reference list
Paraphrasing and When you need

direct quotes to reference
Lecturer 35

Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism

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A presentation by Sarah Gibbons for LSC

Discuss with a partner..

@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs.

What are academic

• To develop and support objective arguments

• You need evidence to support your views.

• Research the key words of your assignment.

Now let's look 1. What is plagiarism?

@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC

Group. Credits: Mrs. Sarah Gibbons -

• Plagiarism is when you use information, ideas

1. Intentional – you try to pretend another

• These cases will fail due to academic misconduct.

Correct More about

• Acknowledging the ideas and work of other authors

Trump, D. (2009). An American experience. 5th Edition. Oxford: Oxford

1. Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title. Place of publication: Publisher. Series

For your assignments you need to

An in-text citation needs the An in-text citation comes after

Reference list needs: Surname, Plagiarism is when you do

• Read the original a few times.

@Copyrights All Rights Reserved. The LSC Group. Credits: Mrs.

Written by Sarah Gibbons - lecturer

• Hopefully, you remember the main ideas!

1. Direct quotes are the same as the original source

These types of comment you could include as direct quotes

• All ideas, information and arguments from other

• 1. Dogs are easier to train than cats.

Check your similarity

Try and keep this below 25%.

If it is too high rewrite those sections – improve your paraphrasing

Make sure you have in-text citations and references

Resubmit your assignment

You can only resubmit 3 times in 24 hours

• In conclusion, referencing gets easier the more you practise!

• It is a skill which you will improve with each assignment!

• There are many useful videos on YouTube..

Recap of Plagiarism and

Paraphrasing and When you need

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