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    Basic Exercise 4.4

    Uploaded by

    Ambassadors Manners

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Class: Name Electromagnetism I Drilling hmmm 4.1 Magnetic forces and magnetic fields (300 ip.160)) 1 Poles of a magnet The magnetic force is the strongest at the two poles of a magnet. * Like poles repel each other; unlike poles attract each other. 2 Magnetic fields * Armagnetic sets up a magnetic field in its surrounding space which can apply forces on magnetic objects. * A magnetic field is represented by magnetis field lines (Figs 4.1-4.4), stronger. field N 8 N s © weaker feld Fig 4.1. Magnetic field fines around a bar Fig 4.2 Field lines between unlike poles. ‘magnet. N isnf> isu Hi SN) SN] uniform field Fig 4.3 Field lines between like poles. Fig 4.4 Field lines between two slab-shaped magnets, © Oxford University Press 2016 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 81 Electromagnetism «Properties of magnetic field lines. ~ They never cross. They run from the north pole to the south pole, ‘The direction of the field lines gives the direction of the magnetic force acting on a north pole. The closer the field lines, the stronger the field. At point A in Figure 4.3, the field from one magnet cancels the field from the other. Point A is called a neutral point. The magnetic field between two slab-shaped magnets with unlike poles facing each other is uniform (Fig 4.4). 3 The S-pole of the ‘carth magnet’ is actually in the north (Fig 4.5). 115° \-{9eesraphic noth pote Fig 4.5. The ‘earth magnet 4.2. Magnetic fields of electric currents 800K (p.168) ) 4 Magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire © The field lines are circles around the wire (Fig 4.6). ‘current direction current direction / down inte page ‘up out of page wire (end view) wire (end view) Fig 4.6. Magnetic field pattern around a straight current-carrying wire, © The direction of the field can be worked out with the right-hand grip rule for straight wire (Fig 4.7): * The closer to the wire, the stronger the field. x © Increasing the current makes the field stronger. ( © Reversing the current reverses the direction of the field lines but the Id pattern remains unchanged. The magnetic field B around a long str ol nr ight wire is given by field Nf Bey diection where / is the current through the wire, ris the bility 1947 Right-hand grip te for perpendicular distance from the wire, iy is the permea siraight wie, of free space and has the value of 4n x 107 Tm At. © Unit of magnetic field: tesla (T) 82 _New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) (© Oxford University Press 2016 Drilling 5 Magnetic field around a circular coil (Fig 4.8) cecular col current ~ direction Fig 4.8 Magnetic field patter around a circular col, 6 Magnetic field due to a long solenoid * Inside the solenoid, the field is uniform (Fig 4.9). * Outside the solenoid, the field pattern is similar to that around a bar magnet, with one end of the solenoid behaving like an N-pole and the other end like an $-pole. * The poles of a solenoid can be worked out by using the right-hand grip rule for solenoids (Fig 4.10) salons numb indicates he fel rection inside the solenoid N s ay nC) A Inger nate ho cur drecton outer! drecion Fig 49. Niagnotc fold pater around a solenoid. Fig 4.10. The right-hand grip rte fora solenoid For a long solenoid (length / much larger than radius of coil r) with N turns carrying a current /, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is given by HgNT B= HE T e¢ mis the number of turns per unit length, ie. n= uit wher 7 Soft-iron can be magnetized and demagnetized easily. Steel retains part of the field once it is magnetized. 8 Electromagnets © Itcan be made by passing a current through a coil. © It behaves like a permanent magnet but can be switched on and off. © It can be made stronger by = increasing the number of turns per unit length on the coil, ~ increasing the current through the coil — inserting a soft-iron core into the coil. * Applications include Maglev trains, ¢ ric bells, telephone © Oxford University Press 2016 Now Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 83. Electromagnetism 4.3 Force due to magnetic fields 800k (p-185) e when it is placed inside a 9. A current-carrying conductor experiences a magnetic for magnetic field. 10 The directions of magnetic force (F), magnetic Fleming's left-hand rule (Fig 4.11): field (B) and current () can be worked out by ‘magnetic force F external magnetic field B lett hand current / Fig 4.11. Fleming's letchand rule. 11 The magnetic force can be increased by ¢ increasing the current, increasing the length of wire inside the magnetic field, field. © increasing the magnet For a straight current-carrying wire in a magnetic field (Fig 4.12), F=Bilsin@ Y, where F is the magnetic force, B is the magnetic field, Fis the current Fig ar2_ a curet carried by the wire, lis the length of the wire inside the magnetic field makes an angie @ with and @ is angle between the wire and the magnetic field. the magnetic fil §BI13. Two long straight parallel current-carrying wires * They attract each other if the currents are in the same direction (Fig 4.13). © They repel each other if the currents are in opposite directions (Fig 4.14). gh op a hell Ore fi h ua 4 |—,—_ ! | ; | ; Bo— oa, fa, 3, —F long straight parallel conductors Fig 4,13 Two long straight parallel wires with ‘currents in the same direction. 84 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Ealtion) Fig 4.14 Two long stroight parallel wires with currents in opposite directions. © Oxford University Press 2016 oa Drilling 14. Simple d.c. motor (Fig 4.15) © A current flows through the coil via a pair of carbon brushes and commutator. nn through the coil when it changes contact from one brush to the other. It keeps the coil rotating in the same direction. © The commutator reverses the current directi * The turning effect on a motor can be increased by easing the current, = increasing the number of turns in the coil ~ increasing the area of the coil (within the magnetic field), — increasing the strength of the magnetic field. ~ using curved magnets instead of flat ones — in ~ using a soft-iron armature with several coils am carton Fig 4.15 Simple dic. motor, MM 4.4 Magnetic forces on moving charges Book (9207) 15. The force acting on a charge Q moving with a velocity » in a magnetic field B, and at an angle 6 to the magnetic field: F Qu sin @ Its direction is always perpendicular to the moving direction of the charge 16 A charge moving perpendicul motion. ly to a uniform magnetic field undergoes uniform circular 17. A charge Q moving at velocity v in a region with mutually perpendicular magnetic field B and electric field E will continue to travel along a straight line if the magnetic force acting on it is balanced by the electric force, ie. QE = Bl BASIC EXERCISE i Take the permeability of free space as 4x x 10” T m A. Unless otherwise specified, the effect of the earth's magnetic field can be ignored, Multiple-choice questions 44 2. Which of the following correctly shows SF eEEEEEEeEEEE the pole(s) of a bar magnet? 1 When a bar magnet is hung freely in the A carth’s magnetic field, it points : = A. north-south, BHT B east-west. C_ north-east. Cis | D_ south-west. D [wy CO © Oxford University Press 2016 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 85 86 Electromagnetism 3. Which of the following are magnetic objects? (1) Tron nail (2) Aluminium bar (3) Magnet A. (1) and (2) only B_ (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), @)and (3) O 4 As shown below, two bar magnets are held with unlike poles facing each other s n] |s N P ° What happens to the magnets when they are released? A. They repel each other. B_ They attract each other. C They move to the left. D. They move to the right. O 5 Which of the following shows the correct magnetic field pattern between a pair of slab-shaped magnets with opposite poles facing each other? A [enp—sn is NEe—|s N Is nfs D By—sH is Nis N pu}isw O New Senior Secondary Physies at Work (Second Ecition) 6 The figure shows the magnetic field pattern between two bar magnets, What are the poles P and Q? noutral point P Q north pole north pole south pole south pole south pole north pole pae> north pole south pole %7 The figure shows the magnetic field pattern between two unlike poles. Which of the following statements about the pattern is (1) The field is weak where the field lines are widely spaced. are correct? (2) There is a neutral point between the poles, (3) The field is uniform between the poles, A. (1) only B_ (3) only C (1) and @) only D_ (2) and (3) only oO 18 Oxford University Press 2016 +8 “9 Which of the following statements about a bar magnet are correct? (1) It can attract magnetic objects. (2) The magnetic field near it is the strongest at the poles. (3) The magnetic field lines go from the north pole to the south pole outside the magnet. A. (I) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only CQ) and (3) only D (1), 2) and (3) im Which of the following about the jeld near a magnet is incorrect? magne A. The field is stronger near the poles than at other places. B_ The field lines are most closely spaced near the poles. C The field is uniform near the poles. D_ The field lines point away from the north pole. 4.2 10 " As shown below, a wire carries a current flowing into the page. What is the direction of the magnetic field at point P? At BL ce Da C As shown below, a wire carries a current flowing towards the right. What is the direction of the magnetie field at point P? r Pe At Bul C Out of page ee D Into page UI © Oxford University Press 2016 Drilling 12. Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field around a wire carrying a current flowing into the page? A = B — A current of 0.5 A flows through a straight wire. Find the magnetic field at a position 5 cm away from the wire A 2x10°T B 126x108 © 2x 10'T D 5x 10°T Ol (@A14 A solenoid has 250 turns and is 30 cm Jong. Ifa current of 2 A flows through it, find the magnetic field inside it. A 7.85 x10°T B 2.09x10°T C 6.28 x 104 T D 3.14% 10° T New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 87 88. Electromagnetism 15 The right-hand grip rule for solenoids can be used to find the direction of magnetic field (1) around a solenoid. (2) around a circular coil. (3) around a bar magnet. A. (1) only (3) only © (1) and Q) only D2) and @) only e 16 As shown below, two solenoids are placed side by side. What happens to them after the switches are closed? ———— Leal A. They repel each other. B_ They attract each other. C There is no response. D_ They move upwards. 17. The following shows some information about four solenoids. Other properties of the solenoids are the same, Which one has the strongest magnetic field? Number of Current through turns the solenoid / A A 2000 1 B 1800 os c 100 1s D 2500 1 18 Which of the following devices need an electromagnet? a) (2) Earphone (3) Crane A. (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only D_ @), 2) and (3) Electric bell O Nowy Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 19 %20 421 Which of the following can increase the magnetic field near a current-carrying solenoid? (1) Increase the current through the solenoid. Q) Use a longer solenoid of the same number of turns. (3) Insert a soft-iron core into the solenoid, A (1) only BQ) only C (1) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) U What are the advantages of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet? (1) An electromagnet can be switched on and off arbitrarily (2) The strength of the magnetic field of an electromagnet can be adjusted. (3) An electromagnet has one pole only. A. (1) and (2) only B (1) and @3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), @) and @) Which of the following statements about the magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire are correct? (1) The field lines are circular. (2) The magnetic field is weaker when it is closer to the wire. (3) The direction of the field lines can be found by the right-hand grip rule for straight wires. (1) and @) only (1) and (8) only (2) and (8) only (1), 2) and (3) gap © Oxford University Press 2016 22. The magnetic field B at a position r away from a straight wire of length / carrying a current J is approximately given by 8 = 4 Which of the following 2nr ‘statements are correct? (1) The SI unit of B is tesla, (2) Lis greater than (3) If the direction of current is reversed, the direction of magnetic field is also reversed. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) vor 4.3 23 As shown below, a curre conductor is placed inside a magnetic field. What is the direction of the magnetic force acting on the conductor? nt-cartying x X/|xX xe xX Xx xX x le x x xi|x x At BL Ce Do | 24 Which of the following can be used to work out the direction of the magnetic force acting on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field? A. Right-hand grip rule for straight wires ight-hand grip rule for solenoids Oo B C Fleming's left-hand rule D Fleming's right-hand rule © Oxford University Press 2016 25 26 27 Drilling As shown below, a current-carrying wire is placed between two magnets. What is the direction of the magnetic force acting on the wire? +] @ [- BL D- AT ee oO A straight current-carrying wire is placed between a pair of slab-shaped magnets. “The magnetic force acting on the wire is F, How will F change if one more pair of slab-shaped magnets is placed round the wire as shown? \ Spolos N-poles slab-shaped magnets on < stoal yokes current-carrying wire Remains unchanged u> Increase a S 9 @ a rection As shown below, a current-carrying wire is placed between two magnets. What is the direction of the magnetic force acting on the wire? Out of page No magnetic force L ? A B c D "New Senior Secondary Physis at Work (Second Edition) 89 Electromagnetism (828 A magnetic field of 0.02 T is applied 90 across a straight wire as shown. A current of 0.5 A flows through the wire. The Iength of the wire inside the magnetic field is 20 cm. Find the magnetic for acting on the wire ovat 054, 50 A 2.00 x 10°N B 1583 10°N © 1.29% 10°N D 3.83 10°N O 29. The following shows some information about the coils in four elect motors. The motors are otherwise identical. Which 8 effect? Number of turns one gives the strongest tu Area of coil (cm’) in the coil A 20 700 B 50 1300 c 40 1000 D 30, 900 ‘The figure below shows the cross-section of two parallel straight wires X and ¥. Wire X carries a current flowing into the page. CO) Q—-—

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