FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SABAH

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (BIOLOGY)

LAB REPORT 1: MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANES

BIO560 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

NAME : SYAIDATUL ANNISHA BINTI SARUM

MATRIX NO. : 2020837268

PROGRAMME : AS201

GROUP : BIO560G1

LECTERUR’S NAME : SIR AJIMI JAWAN

SUBMISSION DATE : 25/04/2021

POST LAB QUESTION

A. DIFFUSION

a. What causes more rapid dispersion? (3 marks)

The causes of more rapid dispersion would be higher in temperature. As the temperature
increases, the molecule collide more rapidly. When the temperature is high, it will
increase the energy and the movement of molecules thus, give greater fate of diffusion.

b. Identify the factor can increase the rate of diffusion. (3 marks)

• Surface area
• Different temperature
• Concentration gradient

c. Describe the principal driving force for net diffusion. (3 marks)

The driving force for diffusion is the thermal motion of molecules. Molecules are
never at rest at temperatures above absolute zero. Because of their kinetic energy,
they are always in motion, and when molecules collide regularly, the direction of
motion becomes spontaneous.

B. OSMOSIS

a. How is diffusion related to osmosis? (3 marks)

Water moves across the cell membane by the process named osmosis. Osmosis is a
movement of water across semi-permeable membrane with a solvent for example,
water, move from lower concentration region to higher concentration region.

b. What causes the fluid movement to decrease with time? (3 marks)

When the temperature is at lower rate, the moleculecollide more slower. When the
temperature is decrease, the energy will decrease and will move at slower rate. Thus,
the diffusion process will take more time.
C. TONICITY

a. Predict its effect when cells are placed in the 5% NaCl and distilled water solutions (5 marks)
When the cell at first immerse inside the 5% of NaCl, the solution is hypertonic
towards the cells. The water will moved out from the cells by osmosis. This lead to
the shrinking of the cells and the cell become plasmolysis. When the cells then
immerse into the distilled water, the solution is hypotonic towards the cell. The water
will move into in the cell by osmosis. In animal cells, this will causes the cell to
expand and burst which is called haemolysis. While in plant cells, the cell will expand
and cause the cells become rigid and turgid.

b. Compare the mechanisms causing lysis of cells in these solutions:

i. 0.2% NaCl (3 marks)

The 0.2% of NaCl solution is hypotonic towards the cell. The water is move into
the cell by osmosis. Thus, the cell expand, burst and haemolysed. .

ii. Soap solution (3 marks)

The soap solution is hypertonic towards the cell. The water will move out from the
cell by the process called osmosis. The cells will shrink and plasmolysed.

iii. 5% NaCl (3 marks)

The 5% of NaCl solution is hypertonic towards the cell. The water move out from
the cell by osmosis. The cells will shrink and plasmolysed.

D. CELL PERMEABILITY

a. Why are some hypertonic solutions able to cause hemolysis? (3 marks)

Because,the solutions move into the cell by osmosis. The movement of the solutions
into cells are unstoppable causing the cells to expand. When the cells capacity reached
its limit, the cells will burst and haemolysed.

a. Why does molecular weight affect the movement of molecules through membranes? (3 marks)
The heavier the molecules, the slower the movement of the molecule through the
membrane. The lighter the molecule, the faster the movement of molecule through the
membrane.
REFERENCES

What Is Diffusion? (2015). Comsol.com. https://www.comsol.com/multiphysics/what-is-

diffusion#:~:text=The%20driving%20force%20for%20diffusion,of%20the%20motion

%20becomes%20randomized.

Passive Transport | Boundless Biology. (2013). Lumenlearning.com.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/passive-transport/

Diffusion and Osmosis. (2019, June 17). Biology LibreTexts.

https://bio.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Worksheets/Biology_Tutorials/Diffusion_a

nd_Osmosis