Convencion Internacional del Banano 2021

| AEBE Bananatime

EXPLORACIÓN Y APROVECHAMIENTO DE LA DIVERSIDAD

GENÉTICA DEL BANANO COMO
ESTRATEGIA DE CONTROL DE FUSARIUM RAZA 4 TROPICAL
Fernando A. García-Bastidas PhD

START PRESENTATION
 CAVENDISH
> ‘Grand Naine’
> ‘Williams’
> ‘Valery’
> ~ 50 more….

The crop innovation 2

3
BANANA
DIVERSITY

Heslop-Harrison J. S. & Schwarzacher T. 2007

More than 1.200 varieties
650 triploid cultivars
290 diploid cultivars
unknown hybrids
180 wild accessions
Lescot, 2019
Photos by Smith GS
DIPLOIDES
 TRIPLOIDES
Photos by Smith GS
 MATERIALES SILVESTRES

alasensis
sumatrana
halabanensis
tomentosa
microcarpa

banksii

longipetiolata

acuminata

malaccensis

zebrina

rutilifes
breviformis nakaii
bantamensis
Photos by Fajar Ahmad – Garcia fernando cerivera
 Genus Genero Musa

Section Australimusa Callimusa Eumusa

X=11
Rhodochlamys
X=11
X=10 X=10

Musa acuminata Musa balbisiana

Musa textilis Musa beccarii Musa Musa Musa velutina

acuminata balbisiana

Domestication Domestication
Edible clones : Fe’is
Bakry et al., 2009 Edible banana varieties
 X

Musa acuminata (AA) Musa balbisiana (BB)

Pisang Mas (AA) Cavendish (AAA) Kepok (ABB)

AB, ABB, AAAA,
ABBB….
 BANANA
5000
5000BC
BC DOMESTICATION
#TheHistoryOfTheBanana

5000 …
B.C
 MAJORITY OF THE BANANAS IS PRODUCED FOR ~70% OF THE BANANA EXPORT MARKET IS SUPPLIED SME GROWERS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE AN EXPORT
DOMESTIC USE AND ~17% IS EXPORTED BY ONLY 5 COUNTRIES MARKET SHARE OF ~50% IN 2020

BANANA PRODUCTION VOLUMES, EXPORT MARKET VOLUMES, MARKET SHARES IN GLOBAL BANANA EXPORTS,
2016 (113M TONNES) 2016 (M TONNES) 2013-20E (%)
100%
(113) 100% 100%
Ecuador 6.0 Noboa 2%
Export 6%
~99% of the export 18% Fyffes
market are markets
Costa Rica 2.4 Dole 11%
Cavendish bananas

Del Monte 12%

Guatemala 2.1

Chiquita 13%
Philippines 2.1

Colombia 1.8
Domestic
82%
use
Current focus is on Total top 5
the export market; 70% 14.4 Small growers
countries
domestic market & grower 56%
provides additional associations ~50%
Other
potential 6.2
countries

Total 100% 20.6

2016 2013 2020

expected

SOURCE: FAO, THECONVERSATION.COM

~ 70% OF THE EXPORT BANANAS ARE SUPPLIED BY ONLY 5 COUNTRIES;

50-50 PRODUCED BY MULTINATIONALS AND SME’S

CAVENDISH:
KING OF THE
FRUITS

111 million 148 million 84 million

In million metric tons
 LA ERA
GROS
MICHEL

1830
Photos provided by Prof. Randy Ploetz
CAVENDISH SALVA LA
INDUSTRIA BANANERA

1950
15 …
Pero no para siempre
 FUSARIUM RAZA 4 TROPICAL DE UN PROBLEMA LOCAL A
UNA PANDEMIA.

Mal de Panamá versión 2.0

Raza 4 Tropical
Cavendish = Susceptible

2013 (5 países) – 2021 (>20 países)

1990 … 2020

17 © FA García, Filipinas
17
 EL FUSARIUM DEL BANANO

> Marchitamiento por Fusarium o Mal de Panamá

> Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
(revised taxonomy Mariany et al., 2018)
> Cuatro razas descritas y 24 VCGs
> Contamina suelos por decadas
> No existe un control
> Se disemina muy fácil (Suelo contaminado, partes de
plantas infectadas, agua contaminada)
 Ciclo de la enfermedad

Photos: ⓒ Fernando Garcia & Eye of Science

Salacinas et al., 2019
 SÍNTOMAS EXTERNOS
Foc R1- Banano Manzano AAB Foc R2-plátano popocho ABB TR4-Cavendish AAA

20
© J. Vargas, Urabá © J. Vargas, Urabá © FA Garcia, Filipinas
 © FA Garcia, Colombia

SÍNTOMAS INTERNOS

22
 COLOMBIA 2019

PERU 2021

Julio 2019

Jorge Hernan Palacino, ICA 2020 Fotos: ICA Twitter 2020

Reportes “oficiales” de la enfermedad

2014 2016 2018 2019

Vietnam
Líbano
Jordania Laos Colombia
Pakistán
Myanmar
TÉCNICAS PARA EL DIAGNOSTICO DE FUSARIUM RAZA 4
TROPICAL
DE MESES A MINUTOS.

LAMP
qPCR
PCR
VCGs
Field
25
(eye)
Guía Andina para el Diagnóstico de Fusarium
Raza 4 Tropical

Taller de
nivelación de
capacidades
en
diagnóstico
de R4T.
2020
27
Para descargar la guía: https://bit.ly/3hnDywY
DIAGNÓSTICO ES CRUCIAL PARA EL MANEJO DE LA
ENFERMEDAD
Escenario 1 Quarantine
and
exclusion

Genetic Biological
control control
Control
Management
Escenario 2 strategies

Cultural Chemical
control control
 Quarantine
and
• Genotipos pre-existentes exclusion

• Mejoramiento Convencional
• Mejoramiento No - Convencional Genetic Biological
control control
Control
Management
strategies

Cultural Chemical
control control
Resistance in Banana to Fusarium spp. Causing
Panama Disease: Global Banana Collection

~1.500 350 245

Protocolos mejorados
 SCREENINGS POR RESISTENCIA A R1 Y R4T

Wild types Cultivars

Hybrids
8.16 16.00 2.00
14.29 20.00
HR HR R 12.00
24.00
R
16.33
MS 12.24
S MS S 20.00
14.00
12.00
VS
XS
VS XS

22.45 26.53
12.00
24.00
20.00 24.00

11 Resistant
13 M.
susceptible

García-Bastidas F, Bakry F, Irish B & Kema K., 2020 (in prep)

MEJORAMIENTO
CLÁSICO O
CONVENCIONAL
 Crop Innovation 130 accessions

Center AAA
KeyGene Wild types
Edible diploids

The crop innovation company

34
 PRECISION BREEDING

banksi
i
CWR

105 diploids
*

*
*
*

* *
*
*
Zebrina

Gros Michel Cavendish

GDA visualizer 4000 filtered variants
The crop innovation company 36
 BSA FOR TR4
GENOTYPING +PHENOTYPING

Wild types Cultivars

20.00 16.00 2.00
24.00 12.00

H 12.00 20.00
14.00
R
R 12.00 20.00 24.00 24.00
NEW FACILITIES

38
39
NON-
CONVENTIONAL
BREEDING
Mutants & GMs
 Evaluation of Mutants (12K)
plants resistant/moderately susceptible plants susceptible
El futuro está en la diversidad
 MENSAJE FINAL

> La pandemia actual es causada por un solo clon de

Fusarium (R4T)
> El diagnostico es crucial en cada etapa en el proceso de
manejo de esta enfermedad
> ¡Existe resistencia en el germoplasma de banano!
> La eficacia de las medidas de control sigue siendo
escasa. Fusarium continuará su propagación.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Banana Team at Keygene Collaborators at KeyGene

Bioinfomatics Laboratory

Marcel Van Verk Bipna Shrestha

Alexander Wittenberg Anna Finkers
Rui Peng Wang Tanya Radoeva
Anker Sørensen Fernando García Rene Hofstede Koen Nijbroek Franck Lhuissier
Lian Perebolde Noor V renkum
Marley Yeong RSG group
Anna Freudenreich
Koen Hovenaars

Genetics Greenhouse

Jeroen Berg Alex Bersgma Dennis Woltinge Marielle Sengers Rolf Mank
Pauline van Haperen Lisanne Bloomers
Luuk Wilbers
Has van den Heuvel
collaborators Herbert Schrijver
 Thank
you for
your
attention

@ferchucky