Extra exercises

LU2- Part 2

1. A 200 ml of perfume contain 165 ml of alcohol. What is the concentration of

alcohol by volume (v/v) in this solution?

165 𝑚𝐿
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = ( ) 𝑥 100%
200 𝑚𝐿

= 82.5%

2. A solution containing 0.30 mol of NaCl in 99 g of water. Calculate the mole fraction
of NaCl and H2O in the solution.

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 = 0.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

99 𝑔
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ( 𝑔 )
18
𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 5.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
0.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 = ( ) = 0.05
0.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 + 5.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1 − 0.05 = 0.95

3. The concentration of Na3PO4 is 400 ppb in a 500 mL of solution with density of

1.02 gmL-1. How many grams of Na3PO4 in the solution?

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = (500 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 1.02 𝑔/𝑚𝐿 ) = 510 𝑔

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎3 𝑃𝑂4 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

400 𝑝𝑝𝑏 = ( ) 𝑥 109
510 𝑔

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎3 𝑃𝑂4 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 2. 04 𝑥 10−4

4. A 0.456 g sample of an ore is found to contain 0.280 mg chromium. Express the

result in ppm.

0.280 𝑔
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑝𝑚 = ( ) 𝑥 106
456 𝑔

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑝𝑚 = 614 𝑝𝑝𝑚

Extra exercises

5. A commercial hydrobromic acid, HBr has a concentration of 40% by mass.

Calculate the molality of the HBr.

In every 100 g of solution there is 40 g of HBr

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = 100𝑔 − 40 𝑔 = 60 𝑔

40 𝑔
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝐵𝑟 = ( 𝑔 ) = 0.494 𝑚𝑜𝑙
80.9
𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.494 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ( ) = 8.2 ~ 8.3 𝑚
0.060 𝑘𝑔

6. A sulphuric acid solution containing 571.6 g H2SO4 in 1000 mL of solution has a

density of 1.329 g mL-1. Calculate the percentage by mass of H2SO4 in this solution.

𝑤 571.6 𝑔
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ( ) = ( ) 𝑥 100% = 43%
𝑤 1329 𝑔

7. A commercial hydrobromic acid, HBr has a concentration of 40% by mass. The

density of this acid is 1.38 g mL-1. Calculate the molarity of the HBr.

In every 100 g of solution there is 40 g of HBr

40 𝑔
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝐵𝑟 = ( 𝑔 ) = 0.494 𝑚𝑜𝑙
80.9
𝑚𝑜𝑙

100 𝑔
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝐵𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ( 𝑔 ) = 72.5 𝑚𝐿 @ 0.0725 𝐿
1.38 𝑚𝐿

0.494 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ( ) = 6.8 𝑀
0.0725 𝐿
Extra exercises

8. A nitric acid solution containing 890.5 g of HNO3 per liter of solution has a density
of 1.37 gmL-1. Calculate the

a) Percentage by mass of HNO3

𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1.37 𝑥 1000 𝑚𝐿 = 1370 𝑔
𝑚𝐿

𝑤 890.5 𝑔
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ( ) = ( ) 𝑥 100% = 65%
𝑤 1370 𝑔

b) Mole fraction of HNO3

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1370 𝑔 − 890.5 𝑔 = 479.5 𝑔

890.5 𝑔
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 = ( ) = 14.135 𝑚𝑜𝑙
63 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

479.5 𝑔
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ( ) = 26.639 𝑚𝑜𝑙
18 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 = 0.347

c) Molality of HNO3

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑁𝑂3
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ( )
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔

14.135 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ( ) = 29.5 𝑚
0.4795 𝑘𝑔

d) Molarity of HNO3

14.135 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ( ) = 14.1 𝑀
1𝐿