Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # (‣bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb) # 1

fvm©b : Rvbyqvwi, 2022 wLª.

‡U÷-43

wm‡jevm

PZz_© Aa¨vq : g~j¨‡eva wkÿv I mykvmv‡bi ¸iæZ¡

cÂg Aa¨vq : RvZxq Rxe‡b g~j¨‡eva wkÿv I mykvm‡bi cÖfve
lô Aa¨vq : mykvmb I g~j¨‡eva wkÿvi Dcv`vb
 Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # (‣bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb) # 2

PZz_© Aa¨vq: g~j¨‡eva wkÿv I mykvm‡bi ¸iæZ¡

e¨w³ mnbkxjZvi wkÿv jvf K‡i MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡ev‡ai wkÿv †_‡K| MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva mykvmb cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Acwinvh© welq|
MYZvwš¿K mnbkxjZv mngwg©Zv RbM‡Yi ivq I wbe©vPwb bvMwiK m‡PZbv I Me©‡eva AvB‡bi kvmb
g~j¨‡eva AvZ¥mshg k„•Ljv‡eva djvdj‡K †g‡b †bqv ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi cvi¯úvwiK kª×v‡eva
`vwqZ¡kxjZv, Revew`wnZv I ¯^”QZv
‣bwZK wfÿv †`Iqv mZ¨evw`Zv ivR‣bwZK AvbyMZ¨ cigZmwnòzZv
g~j¨‡eva Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv g~j¨‡eva RbM‡Yi ivq gvbv
 cigZ mwnòzZv‡K ejv nq— MYZ‡š¿i cÖvY| MYZvwš¿K †eva I m‡PZbZv e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb— gvbm¤§Z wkÿv|
 MYZ‡š¿i cÖvY— wbe©vPb| MYZ‡š¿i g~jgš¿— mvg¨|
 hveZxq wkÿv – g~j¨‡ev‡ai wkÿv n‡Z †kLv hvq| `yb©xwZ I Awbq‡gi cÖ‡Kvc †e‡o hvq— g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿ‡qi Kvi‡Y|
 g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq †iv‡a cÖ‡qvRb— AvB‡bi kvmb|
mykvmb wbi‡cÿ I kw³kvjx MYgva¨‡gi Abycw¯’wZ ¯^RbcÖxwZ Rbm‡PZbZvi Afve
cÖwZôvi wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv bv _vKv `vwi`ª¨ evK& ¯^vaxbZvq n¯Í‡ÿc
mgm¨vmg~n ivR‣bwZK `jmg~‡ni g‡a¨ MYZvwš¿K PP©vi Afve AvgjvZ‡š¿i A`ÿZv mv¤úª`vwqK m¤úªxwZi Afve
miKv‡ii Revew`wnZvi Afve `yb©xwZ wbqš¿‡Y e¨_©Zv
 wk¶v n‡jv ZvB hv Avgv‡`i ‡Kej Z_¨ cwi‡ekbB K‡i bv wek¦mËvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ ‡i‡L Avgv‡`i Rxeb M‡o Zy‡j| (-
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi)
 wk¶v n‡jv wg_¨vi Ac‡bv`b Ges m‡Z¨i weKvk| (-m‡µwUm)
 wk¶v n‡”Q ‡`n, AvZ¥v I g‡bi cwic~Y© weKvk|
 mykvm‡bi d‡j iv‡óªi A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK m¤ú`¸‡jvi †UKmB Dbœqb N‡U| (-wek^e¨vsK)
mykvm‡bi `yb©xwZgy³ mgvR cÖwZôv gvbevwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv bvMwiK m‡PZbZv ‡`‡ki mvgwMÖK KvRK‡g©i
¸iæZ¡ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨‡eva e…w× wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôv Av`wk© K c_ wb‡`© k bv wbwðZ Kiv
 ivóªxq I mgvR-Rxe‡b kvwšÍ k„•Ljv cÖwZôvq mnvqZv K‡i— mykvmb|
 RvZxq I ivR‣bwZK †ÿ‡Î RbM‡Yi AskMÖn‡Yi wbðqZv weavb K‡i— mykvmb|
 MYgva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZv I Z‡_¨i Aeva cÖev‡ni gva¨‡g bvMwi‡Ki gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKv‡ii c_ myMg K‡i— mykvmb|

cÖkœ mgvavb
01. e¨w³ mnbkxjZvi wkÿv jvf K‡i- (38Zg wewmGm)
K. mykvm‡bi wkÿv †_‡K L. AvB‡bi wkÿv †_‡K M. g~j¨‡ev‡ai wkÿv †_‡K N. KZ©e¨‡eva †_‡K DËi M
02. miKvwi PvKwi‡Z mZZvi gvcKvwV Kx? (37Zg wewmGm)
K. h_vmg‡q Awd‡m AvMgb I Awdm Z¨vM Kiv L. `vßwiK Kv‡R †Kvb A‣ea myweav MÖnY bv Kiv
M. wb‡g©vn I wbi‡cÿfv‡e Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ h_vwewa m¤úv`bv Kiv
N. EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi †h †Kvb wb‡`©k cÖwZcvjb Kiv DËi : M
03. mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨ (Millennium Development Goals) AR©‡b mykvm‡bi †Kvb w`KwUi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q?
(35Zg wewmGm)
K. mykvm‡bi mvgvwRK w`K L. mykvm‡bi g~j¨‡ev‡ai w`K
M. mykvm‡bi A_©‣bwZK w`K N. mykvm‡bi MYZvwš¿K w`K DËi M
04. wbi‡cÿ I kw³kvjx MYgva¨‡gi Abycw¯’wZ wK‡mi AšÍivq? (35Zg wewmGm)
K. mvgvwRK Aeÿ‡qi L. g~j¨‡eva Aeÿ‡qi M. mykvm‡bi N. wkÿvi ¸YMZgv‡b D M
05. ‣bwZKfv‡e ejv nq gvbeRxe‡bi- (36Zg wewmGm)
K. •bwZK kw³ L. •bwZK wewa M. •bwZK Av`k© N. me¸‡jvB DËi-M
 Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # (‣bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb) # 3
e¨vL¨v : ‣bwZKZv‡K ejv nq gvbeRxe‡bi •bwZK Av`k©| GKRb avwg©K mr KvR K‡i †Kvb wKQzi Avkvq| Zvi g‡b nqZ
†jvf A_ev fq _v‡K| †Kvb wKQzi †jv‡f ev †Kvb wKQzi f‡q bq eis gvbyl mr KvR hLb we‡e‡Ki Zvobv †_‡K K‡i;
KZ©e¨‡eva †_‡K K‡i ZLb Zv‡K e‡j ‣bwZKZv| A_©vr ag©‡eva I KZ©e¨‡ev‡ai cv_©K¨UvB bxwZ| ZvB •bwZK kw³ ev
wewa bq, •bwZKfv‡e ejv nq gvbeRxe‡bi •bwZK Av`k©|
06. ‣bwZK ‡PZbvi aviYv Av‡m ‡Kv_v ‡_‡K?
K. g~j¨‡eva wk¶v L. ag©xq wk¶v M. cªvwZôvwbK wk¶v N. mykvmb DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: ‣bwZK ‡PZbvi aviYv Av‡m— g~j¨‡eva wk¶v ‡_‡K| g~j¨‡ev‡ai me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e aiv nq—
bxwZ I JwPZ¨‡eva‡K|

5g Aa¨vq : RvZxq Dbœq‡b g~j¨‡eva wkÿv I mykvm‡bi cÖfve

AvBR¨vK Avwmg‡fi g‡Z, mZZv hw` nq m`v mr K_v ejv, mr c‡_ Pjv, Zvn‡j b¨vqcivqYZv n‡jv Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× Ae¯’vb
†bqv| GKRb mr †jvK wbwe©ev`x n‡q Zvi mvg‡b Av‡iKR‡bi Dc‡i n‡Z _vKv Ab¨vq gyL ey‡R †`L‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ b¨vqcivqY
†jvK Gi weiæ‡× Ae¯’vb wb‡e|
 ÔAvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mevB mgvb|Õ Aa¨vcK WvBwm|
 kvmK hw` nq b¨vqevb Zvn‡j AvBb Abvek¨K, Avi kvmK hw` `ybx©wZcivqY nq Zvn‡j AvBb wbi_©K| †cø‡Uv|
 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fvM †g․wjK AwaKv‡ii 27 bs Aby‡”Q‡` ÔAvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgZv wk‡ivbv‡g ejv
n‡q‡Q ÔmKj bvMwiK AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgvb I mgvb Avkªq jv‡fi AwaKvixÕ|
&AvBb
AvB‡bi †g․wjK •ewkó¨mg~n wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv
wewae× wbqgvewj AvBb KZ¸‡jv cÖ_v, ixwZ-bxwZ Ges wbqgKvby‡bi mgwó|
evwn¨K AvPi‡Yi AvBb gvby‡li evwn¨K AvPiY I Kg©KvÐ wbqš¿Y K‡i| †hgb- AvBbwe‡ivax †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ kvw¯Í †c‡Z
mv‡_ hy³ nq| kvw¯Íi f‡q gvbyl Aciva †_‡K weiZ _v‡K|
ivóªxq Aby‡gv`b mgv‡Ri †hme wbqg ivóª Aby‡gv`b K‡i, †m¸‡jv AvB‡b cwiYZ nq| Ab¨ K_vq, AvB‡bi †cQ‡b ivóªxq
I ¯^xK…wZ KZ…©Z¡ _v‡K| ivóªxq Aby‡gv`b I ¯^xK…wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K †Kvb wewaweavb AvB‡b cwiYZ nq bv|
e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi AvBb e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi iÿK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GRb¨ AvBb‡K e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi wfwË ejv nq|
iÿK
me©Rbxb AvBb me©Rbxb| mgv‡Ri mKj e¨w³ AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgvb| RvwZ, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ, bvix-cyiæl, abx,
`wi`ª mevi Rb¨ AvBb mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
&AvB‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
mvaviYZ AvBb‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| K. miKvwi AvBb, L. †emiKvwi AvBb Ges M. AvšÍR©vwZK AvBb
& vB‡bi Drm
A
 AvB‡bi DrcwË wewfbœ Drm †_‡K n‡Z cv‡i| Rb Aw÷‡bi g‡Z AvB‡bi Drm 1wU, Aa¨vcK nj¨v‡Ûi g‡Z AvB‡bi Drm
6wU Ges I‡cbnvB‡gi g‡Z 7wU|
 Rb Aw÷‡bi g‡Z, AvB‡bi Drm GKwU Ges Zv n‡”Q mve©‡f․‡gi Av‡`k|
 I‡cbnvBg RbgZ‡KI AvB‡bi Drm e‡j g‡b K‡i‡Qb| ‡Kbbv Rbg‡Zi cÖfv‡e A‡bK mgq miKvi AvBb cÖYqb ev
cÖPwjZ AvBb cwieZ©b I ms‡kvab K‡i _v‡K|
 AvB‡bi Drm¸‡jv n‡jv :
K. cÖ_v L. ag© M. AvBbwe`‡`i MÖš’ N. wePvi‡Ki ivq O. b¨vq‡eva
P. AvBbmfv Q. RbgZ R. cÖkvmwbK †NvlYv S. msweavb
 RvZxq Rxe‡b mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i- mykvmb|
 iv‡óªi kvmK, kvwmZ I mykxj mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ m¤úK© cÖwZôv K‡i- mykvmb|
 mykvm‡bi eo AšÍivq `yb©xwZ, iv‡óªi cÖvYkw³ wbt‡kl Ki‡Q `yb©xwZi ivûMÖvm, m¤ú‡`i AcPq nq, eȇb AmgZv m…wó Ges
AvBbk…•Ljvi AebwZ N‡U `yb©xwZi Kvi‡Y, iv‡óªi w¯’wZkxjZv I wbivcËv‡K wewNœZ K‡i|
 miKv‡ii fvj-g›` wbY©‡qi gvb`Ð- mykvmb| mykvm‡bi cÖfv‡eB AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e †`‡ki fveg~wZ© e„w× cvq|
 Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # (‣bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb) # 4
 RvZxq m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb I e¨envi mywbwðZ K‡i- mykvmb| d‡j mgvR I iv‡óª wek„•Ljv I Aw¯’wZkxjZv `~ixf~Z nq|
 mykvm‡bi Afve‡K wRB‡q ‡i‡L e¨w³K,mvgvwRK, ivR‣bwZK I A_©‣bwZK Z_v RvZxq Dbœqb m¤¢e bq|
 mykvmb _vK‡j RbMY ¯’vbxq I RvZxq ch©v‡q ivR‣bwZK I cÖkvmwbK Kg©Kv‡Ð AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 The British and Irish Ombudsman Association KZ©„K Kvh©Ki RbcÖkvmb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ 6wU bxwZi K_v
ejv n‡q‡Q| h_v- K‡g©i ¯^vaxbZv, Db¥y³Zv I ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv, mgš^q, D‡Ï‡k¨i ¯^”QZv, Kvh©KvwiZv|
 wbi‡c¶ I kw³kvjx MYgva¨‡gi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ K‡i-mykvmb|
 mykvm‡bi cÖfv‡e AvK…ó nq- we‡`kx wewb‡qvM| mykvm‡bi gva¨‡g Kv‡Ri Revew`wnZv I wbi‡c¶Zv wbwðZ nq|
 ÔwPšÍv I we‡e‡Ki ¯^vaxbZvÕ G cÖZ¨qwU cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib- Rb ÷zqvU© wgj (On liberty MÖ‡š’)|
 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi cÖ¯Ívebv‡K msweav‡bi †m․›`h© ev Pole star ejv nq|
 msweav‡bi cÂg ms‡kvabx‡K mywcÖg †KvU© ÔUltra ViresÕ ev A‣ea wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i|
 De-facto declaration of independence ejv nq- 7B gv‡P©i †NvlYv‡K|

cÖkœ mgvavb
01. evsjv‡`‡k KZ mv‡j RvZxq ï×vPvi †K․kj cÖYqb Kiv nq? [43Zg wewmGm]
(K) 2010 (L) 2011 (M) 2012 (N) 2013 D:M
02. ÔOn Liberty’ MÖ‡š’i †jLK †K? [43Zg wewmGm]
(K) Bgvby‡qj Kv›U (L) Ugvm nem& (M) Rb ÷zqvU© wgj (N) †R‡iwg †eš’vg D:M
03. †KvbwU b¨vqcivqYZvi •bwZK g~jbxwZ bq? (37Zg wewmGm)
K. cyi¯‥vi I kvwšÍi †ÿ‡Î mgZvi bxwZ cÖ‡qvM L. AvB‡bi kvmb
M. mykvm‡bi Rb¨ D”P wkwÿZ Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM N.AwaKvi I my‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mgZv wbðwZKiY D. M
04. ÒAvB‡bi †Pv‡L me bvMwiKB mgvbÓ evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi KZ b¤^i avivq G wbðqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q? (35Zg wewmGm)
K. aviv 07 L. aviv 27 M. aviv 37 N. aviv 47 D. L
07. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi †Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` Rb¯^v¯’¨ I •bwZKZvi welqwU Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q?
(K) Aby‡”Q` 13 (L) Aby‡”Q` 18 (M) Aby‡”Q` 20 (N) Aby‡”Q` 25 D: L
e¨vL¨v : MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi wØZxq fv‡M Ôivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZÕ As‡k 18 bs Aby‡”Q‡` ÔRb¯^v¯’¨ I
•bwZKZvÕ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
16. mf¨ mgv‡Ri gvb`Ð n‡jv [40Zg wewmGm]
K. MYZš¿ L. wePvi e¨e¯’v M. msweavb N. AvB‡bi kvmb DËi N
e¨vL¨v : mf¨ mgv‡Ri m‡ev©Ëg kvmbe¨e¯’v n‡jv MYZvwš¿K kvmb e¨e¯’v| AvB‡bi kvmb MYZvwš¿K miKv‡ii wfwË wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i| ZvB mf¨ mgv‡Ri gvb`Ð n‡jv AvB‡bi kvmb|
17. Z_¨ cvIqv gvby‡li Kx ai‡bi AwaKvi? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. ivR‣bwZK L. A_©‣bwZK M. †g․wjK N. mvgvwRK DËi M

lô Aa¨vq : mykvmb Ges g~j¨‡eva wkÿvi Dcv`vb

RvwZms‡Ni (UN) g‡Z, AskMÖnY AvB‡bi kvmb Revew`wnZv Kvh©Ki I `ÿ cÖkvmb
mykvm‡bi Dcv`vb 08wU| h_v b¨vqwePvi ¯^”QZv `vqe×Zv msL¨vMwi‡ôi g‡Zi cÖvavb¨
mykvmb wbwðZ Ki‡Z UNDP mgAskx`vwiZ¡ AvB‡bi kvmb ¯^”QZv
9wU Dcv`vb D‡jøL K‡i‡Q| ms‡e`bkxjZv msL¨vMwi‡ôi g‡Zi cÖvavb¨ mgZv I b¨vh¨Zv
Kvh©KvwiZv I `ÿZv Revew`wnZv ‡K․kjMZ jÿ¨
AvwdªKvb †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vs‡Ki (AfDB) g‡Z, mykvm‡bi Revew`wnZv ¯^ ” QZv `yb©xwZ `gb
Dcv`vb 5wU| h_v- AskMÖnY AvBb I wePvi wefvMxq msiÿY
UNHCR mykvm‡bi 5wU Dcv`vb D‡jøL K‡i‡Q- ¯^”QZv `vwqZ¡kxjZv Revew`wnZv
AskMÖnY ms‡e`bkxjZv
 Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # (‣bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb) # 5

&g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwË ev Dcv`vb

MYZvwš¿K mgvRe¨e¯’vq ‡h Dcv`vb¸‡jv g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwË ev Dcv`vb e‡j ¯^xKvi Kiv nq, wb‡gœ ‡m¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
bxwZ I mgvR n‡”Q ¯^vfvweK cwi‡ek, hv‡K ‣bwZKZv I JwPZ¨‡ev‡ai weKvk f~wg ev wk¶v‡¶Î ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
JwPZ¨‡eva ‣bwZKZvi mv‡_ g~j¨‡ev‡ai m¤^Ü AZ¨šÍ wbweo|
mvgvwRK mgv‡R mywePvi cÖwZwôZ n‡jB e¨w³¯^vaxbZv I mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva iw¶Z n‡e| MYZvwš¿K mgvRe¨e¯’vq
b¨vqwePvi mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi Ab¨Zg i¶vKeP I iv‡óªi wfwË|
k…•Ljv‡eva mgvR Rxe‡bi AMÖMwZi cÖavb ‡mvcvb|
mnbkxjZv mnbkxjZv mybvMwi‡Ki Ab¨Zg ¸Y| mnbkxjZv MYZ‡š¿i ‡kªôZg g~j¨‡eva| MYZš¿ cÖwZôv I weKv‡ki
Rb¨ mnbkxjZv GKvšÍ Acwinvh©|
mngwg©Zv ÒmK‡ji Z‡i mK‡j Avgiv, cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avgiv c‡ii Z‡iÓ-GUvB mngwg©Zvi g~j K_v| mngwg©Zvi Abyf~wZ
mgv‡Ri wfwˇK my`…p K‡i|
kª‡gi gh©v`v gvbweK I mvgvwRK ¸Y|
AvB‡bi kvmb e¨w³i ¯^vaxbZv, mvg¨ I AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ AvB‡bi kvmb Acwinvh©| AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZwôZ n‡j e¨w³
Zvi mvgvwRK gh©v`v Lyu‡R cv‡e Ges AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡e| AvB‡bi kvmb MYZ‡š¿i
c~e©kZ©| G.wf.WvBwm Gi g‡Z, ÒAvB‡bi kvm‡bi A_© n‡”Q, AvB‡bi `…wó‡Z mK‡j mgvb, abx-`wi`ª
wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨ GKB AvBb, KvD‡K webv Aciv‡a ‡MÖdZvi bv Kiv Ges webvwePv‡i AvUK bv
ivLv|Ó
bvMwiK m‡PZbZv I AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ m‡PZb bvMwiK‡K mybvMwiK ejv nq|
KZ©e¨‡eva
miKvi I iv‡óªi RbKj¨vYgywLZv miKvi I iv‡óªi `vq`vwqZ¡ I Revew`wnZv|
mykvm‡bi AšÍivq
evK ¯^vaxbZvq n¯Í‡¶c miKv‡ii Revew`wnZvi Afve ivR‣bwZK w¯’wZkxjZvi Afve Ges mwnsmZv
AvgjvZ‡š¿i A`¶Zv Avgjv‡`i Revew`wnZvi Afve ¯^RbcÖxwZ AvB‡bi kvm‡bi Afve
`ybxwZ wbqš¿‡Y e¨_©Zv miKv‡ii A`¶Zv I Ae¨e¯’vcbv `vwi`ª¨ ivR‣bwZK A½xKv‡ii Afve
ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK n¯Í‡¶c wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv bv _vKv ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jv‡Z MYZvwš¿K PP©vi Afve
Rb AskMÖn‡Yi Afve ¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gvi `ye©jZv ¯^vaxb I wbi‡c¶ wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi Afve
AKvh©Ki RvZxq msm` msev` gva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZvi Afve Rbm‡PZbZvi Afve ¶gZvi fvimv‡g¨i Afve
mv¤úª`vwqK m¤úªxwZi Afve
myykvm‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq
msweav‡b ‡g․wjK AwaKv‡ii mwbœ‡ek I Zv ev¯Íevqb cÖPvi gva¨‡gi Ici miKvwi n¯Í‡¶‡ci Aemvb
mwnsmZv `~i I ivR‣bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv cÖwZôv Revew`wnZv ev `vqe×Zvi bxwZ cÖwZôv
¯^”Q cÖkvmb M‡o ‡Zvjv ‣bwZK g~j¨‡eva RvMÖZ Kiv AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôv miKv‡ii `¶Zv e…w×
`ybx©wZ cÖwZ‡iva ev wbqš¿Y my‡hvM¨ ‡bZ…Z wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv I wbi‡c¶Zv wbwðZKiY
mve©‡f․g I Kvh©Ki AvBbmfv ¯^vaxb Kg©Kwgkb cÖwZôv Rb AskMÖn‡Yi AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wó
¯^vaxb wbe©vPb Kwgkb Rb¯^v_©‡K cÖvavb¨ cÖ`vb ¯^vaxb gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb MVb
`vwi`ª¨ `~ixKiY Rbm‡PZbZv e„w× jÿ¨ wba©viY Ges AMÖvwaKvi we‡ePbvq cvi½gZv
¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gv kw³kvjxKiY mv¤úª`vwqK m¤úªxwZ cÖwZôv
mykvmb cÖwZôvq KiYxq
gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv kvwšÍc~Y© Dcv‡q mgm¨vi mgvavb msweav‡b ‡g․wjK AwaKv‡ii mwbœ‡ek
`vwqZ¡kxj miKvi cÖwZôv Revew`wng~jK RbcÖkvmb `¶ I Kvh©Ki miKvi Rbm¤§wZ
¯úóZv I ¯^”QZv cÖwZôv Aeva I wbi‡c¶ wbe©vPb mwVK mg‡q mwVK wm×všÍ MÖnY
`¶ Rbkw³ weZwK©Z welq m¤ú‡K© mveavbZv GKvwaK ivR‣bwZK `‡ji Dcw¯’wZ
AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôv mwnsmZv cwinvi e¨e¯’vcbvq `¶ I we‡klÁ‡`i wb‡qvM
 Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # (‣bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb) # 6
ms¯‥vi Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZKiY
e¨vcK RbAskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m…wó kw³kvjx ¯’vbxq miKvi
`vwi`ª¨ `~ixKiY Rbm‡PZbZv e…w×KiY ¯úó I mnR‡eva¨ AvBb cÖYqb mv¤úª`vwqK m¤úªxwZ
¶gZvi fvimvg¨ cÖwZôv AvBbmfv‡K MwZkxj I Kvh©Ki Kiv Kvh©Ki gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb cÖwZôv
mykvmb cÖwZôvq bvMwi‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb iv‡óªi cÖwZ wbtkZ© AvbyMZ¨ cÖ`k©b AvBb gvb¨ Kiv mšÍvb‡`i wk¶v`vb
wbqwgZ Ki cÖ`vb mr I ‡hvM¨ ‡bZ…Z¡ wbe©vPb iv‡óªi ‡mev Kiv RvZxq m¤ú` i¶v
mykvm‡bi AvMÖn m‡PZb I mRvM n‡Z n‡e msweavb ‡g‡b Pjv ivóªxq Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð AskMÖnY
AvBb k…•Ljv i¶vq mvnvh¨ Kiv D`vi I cÖMwZkxj `‡ji cÖwZ mg_©b

cÖkœ mgvavb
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ms¯‥…wZi Dcv`vb bq? (38Zg wewmGm)
K. AvBb L. cÖZxK M. fvlv N. g~j¨‡eva D. K
02. g~j¨‡eva cixÿv K‡i- (38Zg wewmGm)
K. fvj I g›` L. b¨vq I Ab¨vq M. •bwZKZv I A‣bwZKZv N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv D. N
e¨vL¨v : ‡h wPšÍvfvebv, jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ I msKí gvby‡li mvgwMÖK AvPvi-e¨envi I Kg©KvЇK wbqwš¿Z I cwiPvwjZ K‡i,
Zv‡KB Avgiv mvaviYZ g~j¨‡eva e‡j _vwK| GKUv D`vniY †Lqvj K‡ib, Ôaiæb †Kvb GKRb A_©-we‡Ë †ek GwM‡q‡Qb|
wZwb Zvi Avivg-Av‡q‡ki Rb¨ GKwU Mvwo wKb‡eb| G †ÿ‡Î Mvwo †Kbvi Av‡M GKwU welq Aek¨B we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e
†mwU n‡jv Mvwo Pvjbv Ki‡eb †K? wZwb wK wb‡RB Pvjv‡eb bvwK WªvBfvi w`‡q Pvjv‡eb| aiv hvK MvwowU Pvjv‡e
WªvBfvi| †m †ÿ‡Î †`L‡Z n‡e Pvj‡Ki •ea WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ Av‡Q wKbv| KviY, •ea WvBwfs jvB‡mÝ Qvov Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
A‣ea Avi A‣bwZK| wKš‘ †f‡e †`Lyb, GB A‣bwZK KvRwUB A‡bK D”PwkwÿZ gvbyl w`‡bi ci w`b K‡i hv‡”Qb
Aejxjvq| G‡Z Avivg n‡”Q wVKB wKš‘ mgvR nviv‡”Q †m․›`h©Õ|
Dc‡ii D`vniYwU Øviv mn‡RB eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †h, mwVK DËi n‡e ÔDc‡ii me¸‡jvBÕ|
03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mykvm‡bi Dcv`vb bq? (38Zg wewmGm)
K. AskMÖnY L. ¯^”QZv M. •bwZK kvmb N. Revew`wnZv D. M
04. g~j¨‡eva (Values) Kx? (35Zg wewmGm)
K. gvby‡li AvPiY cwiPjbvKvix bxwZ I gvb`Ð
L. ïaygvÎ gvby‡li cÖvwZôvwbK Kvh©vw` wba©vi‡Yi w`K wb‡`©kbv
M. mgvR Rxe‡bi gvby‡li myLx nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxq g‡bvfve
N. gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK© wba©viY DËi : K
05. ‣bwZK kw³i cÖavb Dcv`vb Kx? (37Zg wewmGm)
K. mZZv I wbôv L. KZ©e¨civqYZv M. gvqv I ggZv N. D`viZv DËi : K
e¨vL¨v : mgv‡Ri cÖ_v, ms¯‥…wZ, Av`k©, ag© I b¨vq‡eva †_‡K ‣bwZKZvi Rb¥| •bwZK kw³i cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡”Q mZZv I
wbôv A_©vr •bwZK kw³i g~j †cÖiYv Av‡m e¨w³i mZZv I wbôv †_‡K| Aciw`‡K KZ©e¨civqYZv mZZv I wbôvi g‡a¨
A½xf~Z| D`viZv, gvqv I ggZv cÖf…wZ gvbexq ¸Yvejxi AšÍf©y³|
06. GKRb †hvM¨ cÖkvmK I e¨e¯’vc‡Ki AZ¨vekKxq †g․wjK MyYvejxi g‡a¨ †kªô ¸Y ‡KvbwU? (37Zg wewmGm)
K. `vwqZ¡kxjZv L. •bwZKZv M. `ÿZv N. mijZv D. L
e¨vL¨v : GKRb †hvM¨ cÖkvmK I e¨e¯’vc‡Ki AZ¨vek¨Kxq †g․wjK ¸Yvejxi g‡a¨ †kªô ¸Y n‡”Q- •bwZKZv| •bwZKZv
GKwU e„nr aviYv, hv gvby‡li evwn¨K AvPi‡Yi cvkvcvwk gvbe wPšÍv‡KI wbqš¿Y K‡i| Aciw`‡K `vwqZ¡kxjZv, b¨vqwbô,
KZ©e¨civqYZv cÖf…wZ •bwZKZv †_‡KB D™¢~Z|
07. miKvwi wm×všÍ cÖYq‡b †Kvb g~j¨‡evawU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq? (37Zg wewmGm)
K. wek^¯ÍZv L. m„RbkxjZv M. wbi‡cÿZv N. Revew`wnZv D. L
08. GKRb RbcÖkvm‡Ki †g․wjK g~j¨‡eva nj- (36Zg wewmGm)
K. ¯^vaxbZv L. ÿgZv M. Kg©`ÿZv N. RbKj¨vY D. N
e¨vL¨v : mZZv, b¨vqcivqYZv, ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv cÖf…wZ GKRb RbcÖkvm‡Ki †g․wjK g~j¨‡eva| Z‡e Gme wKQz
RjKj¨vY‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o IVvq, RbKj¨vY n‡jv cÖavb †g․wjK g~j¨‡eva|
09. mykvm‡bi mv‡_ AšÍivq- (36Zg wewmGm)
 Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # (‣bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb) # 7
K. AvB‡bi kvmb L. Revew`wnZv M. ¯^RbcÖxwZ N. b¨vqcivqYZv D. M
10. mykvm‡bi c~e© kZ© n‡”Q- (36Zg wewmGm)
K. A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb L. A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb M. mvgvwRK Dbœqb N. me¸‡jvB D. L
11. mvgvwRK g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwË Kx? (35Zg wewmGm)
K. AvB‡bi kvmb L. •bwZKZv M. mvg¨ N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jvB D. N
12. mykvm‡bi c~e© kZ© n‡”Q- (35Zg wewmGm)
K. gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv L. cÖkvm‡bi wbi‡cÿZv M. wbi‡cÿ wePvi e¨e¯’v N. wbi‡cÿ AvBb e¨e¯’v D.K