APPROVAL SHEET

The faculty of the Biology (Pre-Med) Department, RC-Al Khwarizmi International College

Foundation, Inc. Marawi City, accepts the Undergraduate Research with the title “A STUDY

ON WOUND HEALING CAPACITY OF HAGONOY (Chromolaena odorata) LEAF

AQUEOUS CRUDE EXTRACTS ON ALBINO MICE”

Submitted by JIA CARIZZA B. PAGAYON in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE MAJOR IN BIOLOGY (PRE-MED).

ALMAIRA M. HADJI ALI, LPT NORJAIMA A. AMPUAN

Research Adviser Panel Member

Recommending Acceptance:

NORJAIMA A. AMPUAN
Department Chairperson

DR. BENANING P. OMACA-AN

College Dean

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 DEDICATION

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful
Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support are
extended to the following persons who in one way or another have contributed
in making this study possible:

Instructors, Friends, Batch mates and School mates.

But most importantly

To my parents and siblings:

Mama Cerenia B. Pagayon

Papa Nilo C. Pagayon
Kuya Jeric
Jordan
Jeriel

Above all, to ALMIGHTY GOD

For giving me the wisdom, strength, support and knowledge in exploring
things, for the guidance in helping me surpass all the trials that I have
encountered and for giving me determination to pursue my study, and to make
this study possible.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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This thesis becomes a reality with the kind support and help of many individuals. I would
like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

Foremost, I would like to thank my research adviser, Ms. Almaira M. Hadji Ali, for
her support, pieces of advice, guidance, valuable comments, suggestions, and provisions.
Without her assistance and involvement in every step throughout the process, this paper
would have never been accomplished. I would like to thank you ma’am for your support and
understanding over the past years.

I would like to thank Ms. Norjaima A. Ampuan, our department chairperson for her
encouragement, insightful comments and time. Thank you for letting my defense be an
enjoyable moment, and for your brilliant comments and suggestions.

To my statistician Sir Sonny Magno, thank you for being approachable, for sharing
your knowledge and helped in the analysis of data and its statistical computations.

To my loving parents, (mama Cherry and papa Nilo) for the unconditional love and
care. Thank you for always being my strength and comfort during my sluggish days. Thank
you for everything and to my supportive brothers (kuya Jeric, Jordan and Jeriel), thank you
for the love, support and encouragement. I will always appreciate all you have done for me
and I honestly don’t know what I would do without you.

To my best friends (Norcilah, Shahana Mira, Ayman, Barbie and Nova), this
would have been a much more difficult journey without you. Thank you all for your
unwavering support and for reminding me to take breaks and have fun when I’ve been
stressed out.

To my favorite k-pop group and rapper (iKON, Bobby and Eminem) thank you for
your wonderful music. It comforts me during my lonely days. (HAHA)

Getting through my research required more than academic support, and I have many
people to thank for listening to and, at times, having to tolerate me over the past years. I
cannot begin to express my gratitude and appreciation for their friendship. To my batch
Electrolytes (Norkilay, Pre, Aisah, Minerva and Eddy boy), thank you for the unforgettable
memories, support and motivation throughout the process. You have been my siblings and
strength over the past years. I would also like to express my deep and sincere thanks to my
close friends here in Marawi city (Jamim, Abato, Jam, Bannie, Lailah, Aminah and
Beazar). Thank you for all the craziest but memorable moments that we have shared. To my
senior batch Dimers, junior batch Flavin and to all MedBio’s (you know who you are).
Thank you for being part of my journey, I will cherished all the laughter and memories that
we had shared together.

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 ABSTRACT

Plants and their metabolites are one of the most common source of bioactive
compounds which can be a therapeutic alternative to synthetic drugs. Hagonoy leaves have
been utilized as a conventional medicine as a remedy for some clinical conditions including
burns and wounds. This study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing capacity of
aqueous crude extract of Hagonoy, Chromolaena odorata, in Albino mice. 32 (16 males and
females) Albino mice were utilized in the study. Wound infliction (Abrasion and Laceration)
was done with the aid of a topical anesthesia. Three different extract concentration of
Hagonoy leaf were prepared. Administration of treatments was done twice a day, for ten
days. With respect to clotting time, statistical data through Pearson’s correlation showed p
values of 0.432, 0.579, and 0.092 for the 25%, 50% and 75% extract concentration,
respectively. These values were greater than the standard p-value which means that there is
no significant correlation between the extract concentrations and the clotting time. With
respect to clotting formation, it showed a p values of 0.043, 0.043, and 0.045 for the 25%,
50% and 75% concentration, respectively. These values are lesser than the standard p value
of 0.05, which means that there is a significant correlation between the extract concentration
and the clotting formation. While numerous studies reported that Hagonoy has the potential
to reduce bleeding and clotting time, this study finds that Hagonoy aqueous crude extracts
did not have a significant effect on the clotting time of Albino mice wounds. Nonetheless,
different extract concentrations were found to be effective in treating wounds of Albino mice
at lower concentration.

Keywords: (Chromolaena odorata, Clotting time, Clotting formation, Abrasion, Laceration)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER PAGE i

TITLE PAGE ii

APPROVAL SHEET iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT v

ABSTRACT vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xii

LIST OF PLATES xiii

Chapter

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

Introduction 1

Theoretical Framework of the Study 2

Conceptual Framework of the Study 2

Statement of the Problem 5

Hypothesis/Assumption 5

Significance of the Study 6

Scope and Limitations of the Study 6

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 Definition of Terms 7

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 9

Related Literature 9

Related Studies 15

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18

Research Locale 18

Research Design 19

Research Instruments 20

Plant Collection and Identification 20

Preparation of Crude Extracts 21

Preparation of Treatment Concentration 21

Experimental Animal Collection 22

Infliction of Wound 22

Administration of Treatments 23

Data Gathering 23

Documentation 23

Statistical Tool 24

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA 25

Results and Discussion 25

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS 31

Summary 31

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 Conclusions 32

Recommendations 33

LITERATURE CITED 34

APPENDICES

Appendix A (Tables) 38

Appendix B (Plates) 47

CURRICULUM VITAE 52

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1A Pearson’s Correlation between the Clotting Time and the Leaf 25

Aqueous Crude Extracts of Hagonoy

1B ANOVA of Different Concentrations of Hagonoy Leaf 26

Aqueous Crude Extracts in terms of Clotting Time

2A Pearson’s Correlation between the Different Concentrations of 27

Hagonoy Leaf Aqueous Crude Extracts and the Clotting
Formation

2B ANOVA of Different Concentrations of Hagonoy Leaf 28

Aqueous Crude Extracts in terms of Clotting Formation

3 Test of Homogeneity of Variances 29

4 Post-Hoc Test of Clotting Formation 30

5 Raw Data on Clotting Time and Clotting Formation, in Terms 38

of Wound Size

6 Raw Data of Measured Wound Size after Five Days of 39

Treatment

7 Raw Data of Measured Wound Size after Ten Days of 40

Treatment

8 Regression: Descriptive Statistics 41

9 Pearson’s Correlation between Clotting Time and Clotting 41

Formation

10 Model Summary of Clotting Formation and Clotting Time 41

11 ANOVA of Clotting Formation and Clotting Time 41

12 Pearson’s Correlation of Clotting Time and Clotting Formation 41

13 One-Way ANOVA of Different Concentration of Hagonoy in 42

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 terms of Clotting Formation

14 Analysis of Variance in terms of Clotting Time 42

15 Test of Homogeneity of Variances in terms of Clotting Time 42

16 ANOVA in terms of Clotting Time 42

17 Raw Data of Different Concentrations of Hagonoy in terms 43

Weight

18 Raw Data for the Test of Homogeneity of Variances Weight 43

19 Raw Data for the Analysis of Variance of Weight 43

20 Pearson’s Correlation of 25% Leaf Aqueous Crude Extract 43

Concentration of Hagonoy

21 Pearson’s Correlation of 50% Leaf Aqueous Crude Extract 43

Concentration of Hagonoy

22 Pearson’s Correlation of 75% Leaf Aqueous Crude Extract 44

Concentration of Hagonoy

23 Pearson’s Correlation of the Control Group 44

24 Raw Data for the Group Statistics of Clotting Formation, 44

Clotting Time and Weight in terms of Sex of Albino Mice

25 Independent Sample Test of Clotting Formation, Clotting Time 45

and Weight

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the Study 4

2
2 Chromolaena odorata 9

3 Mus musculus 11

4 Types of wound 14

5 Clotting process and formation 15

6 Map of RC-Al Kwarizmi International College Foundation Inc. 18

7 Schematic Diagram of the Assignment of the Treatment 19

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 LIST OF PLATES

PLATE TITLE PAGE

A Test animal individual cages 47

B Different leaf aqueous crude Extracts concentration 47

C Glass container 47

D Blender 47

E Graduated cylinder 48

F Shaver 48

G Beaker 48

H Funnel 48

I Forceps 49

J Wound Size Measurement 49

K Topical Anesthesia 49

L Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 2 (Treatment 1) 50

M Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 2 (Treatment 2) 50

N Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 2 (Treatment 3) 50

O Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 2 (Control Group) 50

P Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 10 (Treatment 1) 51

Q Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 10 (Treatment 2) 51

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R Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 10 (Treatment 3) 51

S Photographs of the Albino Mice Wounds at Day 10 (Control 51

Group)

A Study on the Wound Healing Capacity of Hagonoy (Chromolaena odorata) Leaf

Aqueous Crude Extracts on Albino Mice

An Undergraduate Research Paper

Presented to
Faculty of the Department of Biology (Pre-Med)
RC- Al Khwarizmi International College Foundation, Inc.
Marawi City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Biology

JIA CARIZZA B. PAGAYON

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APRIL 2022

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