LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL: June 14,2022

Jose Rizal’s famous line “kabataan ang pag asa ng bayan” is a line from one of his poems. The
“ A La juventud Filipina” (To the Filipino youth) (Sa Kabataang Pilipino)

Colonizers of the Philippines

 Spanish Rule – (1521-1898)
 American Rule – (1898-1946)
 Japanese Occupation – (1941-1946)
 British – 20 months from (1762-1764)

Political changes during 19th century:

CUMPLASE: Power of the governor general to suspend the law/decree to impose in the colony
VETO POWER: The president of the Philippines may refuse to sign a bill, sending the bill back
to the house where it originated along with his objections.

Positions:

 GOVERNOR GENERAL
 ALCALDE MAYOR –Governor at present
 GOVERNADOR CILLIO – also known as kapitan municipal. It is the leader of the
town and the highest position na pwedeng makuha ng mga indio) Example nito ay si
Emilio Aguinaldo sa Cavite.
 CAVESA DE BARANGAY – Leader or head ng isang barangay o barrio

Economic changes during 19th century:

Before: Maharlika (nobles) , Timawa (middle), Alipin
Types of alipin

 Aliping namamahay – was a servant that lived in their own little house on the property
of their master
 Aliping Sagigilid – was a servant that lived around the house of their master
Changes:

 LIMPIEZA DE SANGRE - (purity of the blood)/spanish blood, occupy the highest

position in the Philippine society
 PENINSULARES - pure-blooded Spaniards na ang parents are born in Iberian Peninsula.
 IBERIAN PENINSULA- location kung saan pinapanganak ang peninsulares
 INSULARES/CREOLES/CRIOLLOS- Pure blooded Spaniards that are born in the
Philippines (they were first called “Filipinos”)
 SPANISH MESTIZO- intermarriage (spaniards x filipina)
 PRINCIPALIA CLASS- town ruling class, most of the officials ay galling ditto
 CHINESE MESTIZO- Intermarriage (chinese x filipina)
 INDIO- native filipinos

19th century – Rizal Century (January 1 1801 –December 31 1900)

Birth of Rizal – June 19, 1861
Death of Rizal – December 30, 1896

- revolutionary period of European Hisstory

- period of change and chance
- human civil right and nationalism
- industrialization and trademark system
- Rise and fall of empires
- Increase in population

NAPOLEONIC ERA : NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

- believed in spreading the Principles of the French Revolution (Liberty, equality,
fraternity).
- Implemented the Napoleonic code that forbade birth priveleges, encouraged freedom of
religion, and promoted meritocracy in government services.

CONGRESS OF VIENNA: assembly in 1814-15 that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic
Wars (Battle of Waterloo).

LIBERALISM IN RUSSIA: means slavery ended. “surf dog”

MEIJI RESTORARION- restoration of power back to the emperor; dating shogun ang may
power (shogunate: kamakura, tokogawa,)

MARXISM AND SOCIALISM

CHINA- SLEEPING GIANT

- scramble for concession?- powerful nation to get certain territory in china (watermelon)

OPIUM WAR: Between 1839 and 1842, British forces fought a war in China that benefitted
drug smugglers. Their subsequent victory in the conflict opened up the lucrative Chinese trade to
British merchants.

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR: domestic war between north &south (slavery)

SUEZ CANAL: located in Egypt, connects the mediterranean sea to the red sea. Shortest
maritime route to asia from europe. it has become one of the world’s most heavily used shipping
lanes

INDUSTRIALIZATION STARTED IN BRITAIN (18th century)

REASONS :

 source of raw materials

 Coal
 Market surplus products
 Government stability and support
 Geography
 Agricultural revolution