Hardy Weinberg Problems 1. View the Dragons below. The winged trait is dominant. BEGG Ae 044 Whats the frequency ot heterozygote diagonsin your population?2. You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. Using that 36%, calculate the following: A. The frequency of the "aa" genotype. 0.2 0 B. The frequency of the "a" allele. a0 =. C. The frequency of the "A" allele. \— |, =. 4 . D. The frequencies of the genotypes "AA" and "Aa." AM(g)=.4°= [6 AazZp. E. The frequencies of the two possible phenotypes if "A" is completely dominant over Fe cessive phenotype Comes fom oa genctyyer, so te Frequeny iS 036 dominant Prunctyr Cones fom AA ad Ag genotypes, So Ha frequen iS 1b +0.48=0,64 3. There are 100 students in a class. Ninety-six did well in the course whereas four blew it totally and received a grade of F. Sorry. In the highly unlikely event that these traits are genetic rather than environmental, if these traits involve dominant and recessive alleles, and if the four (4%) represent the frequency of the homozygous recessive condition, please calculate the following: A. The frequency of the recessive allele. (q)) = 2 B. The frequency of the dominant alllele. (.) = .% C. The frequency of heterozygous individuals. (294) 232 o (oa) = 0.0% % (a) = 0.2 p (= I-.2+ p’ (sd)= .B* = 0.04 Upqb = UD D= 0.324, Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Given this simple information, which is something that is very likely to be on an exam, calculate the following: A. The percentage of butterflies in the population that are heterozygous. 4-1 “/» B. The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.. \ white budtertlies = bb = g* = 407 = 0.4 a SPs Noa = 0-63 pz \-q= I~ 0. = 0.31 (8) p? = 031" = 0.14 (Bd) 2497 2(0.37(0.63) = 6.47 5. After graduation, you and 19 of your closest friends (let's say 10 males and 10 females) charter a plane to go on a round-the-world tour. Unfortunately, you all crash land (safely) ona deserted island. No one finds you and you start a new population totally isolated from the rest of the world. Two of your friends carry (i.e. are heterozygous for) the recessive sickle cell anemia allele (c). ‘Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the incidence of sickle cell anemia on your island? _().25"). - Qo people *2 alleles per portion = 40 alleles total 2 individuals are Covrier! (neteosgptes) with Ye Gero hype, Ce. Le Goch, en, has one ¢ for a ttal of in the Population 4 is ee frequenyy of Cm thy prpulahon, So #5 = 0.09 34 and Hye people whe lave sickle Cal have He qonish ave vepresented by g y = 0.05" = 6 or 0.15]6. This is a classic data set on wing coloration in the scarlet tiger moth (Panaxia dominula). Coloration in this ‘species had been previously shown to behave as a single-locus, two-allele ‘system with incomplete dominance. Data for 1612 individuals are given below: , f sone ft , ing hp White-spotted (AA) =1469 Intermediate (Aa) = 138 Little spotting (aa) = 5 Caloulate the allele frequencies (p and q) Total = (44 + BE HS= OIL 140A 3 er aay= "Viz = 0.91 gilan) = Aur = 0.003 p= Nee = Near 0.95 92NG = ond = 0.0% ey double creck ptqz| 2 0.954 6.00 41% “[S "7. The allele for a widow's peak (hairline) is dominant over the allele for a straight hairline, 28% Ina population of 500 individuals, 25% show the recessive phenotype. How many Syos individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant and heterozygous for the trait? e individuals a = 0.25 g = Nba = 0-5 Vhomwaygous dominant (AA) = 9? x 500 = hq: [-525 = 0.29%500 Per I = 126 people (= .9*= 25 : Wreterougeus (Aa) = 299 x 500 Lege 2(SS)= = 0.5x500 = 120 people 8. The allele for a hitchhiker's thumb is recessive compared to straight thumbs, which are dominant. In a population of 1000 individuals, 510 show the dominant phenotype. How many individuals would you expect for each of the three possible genotypes for this trait? \000-S1D = 490 recessive (an) —> > 44 T= 67 AA~ .08x1000 = 40 ptl-or-07=03 Aa = 4v«1000= 420 é pr 32.04 reg: UAC a2Ken Hardy-Weinberg Practice Problems 1. A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. The frequency of the BB genotype is .35. ‘What is the frequency of heterozygous rabbits? “), ‘What is the frequency of the B allele? ¢ 1 Whaat is the frequency of the b allele? °\~ aD BB= p* 7035 @220.41"= 0.17 2pqs 2(0-6a)l0.4D= 0.48 0.41 2. A hypattieticdl population of 10,000 humans has 6840 individuals with the blood type AA, 2860 individuals with blood type AB and 300 individuals with the blood type BB. ‘What is the frequency of each genotype in this population?A=.4¢ Au aie BR = ‘What is the frequency of the A allele?\\ -80 What is the frequency of the B allele?»( If the next generation contained 25,000 individals, how many individuals would have blood type BB, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? 3. A population of birds contains 16 animals with red tail feathers and 34 animals with blue tail feathers, Blue tail feathers are the dominant trait. “)°« |\°/o0 = .3L. ‘What is the frequency of the red allele? - 9.2 5 What isthe frequeney ofthe blue allele? 44 cp What is the frequency of heterozygotes? » \iZ4=S0 Whats the frequency of birds homozyged for the blue allele? 1430) 4, Brown hair is is oe to blond hair (b) Ifthere are 168 brown haired people in a population of 200: [lb = ‘What is the FS Hr o4 P 5. 1f98 out of 200 individuals in a population express the recessive phenotype, what percent of the population are heterozygotes? pegs Te 292 UMAEAL) 6. Mourant et al. (1976) cite data on 400 Basques from Spain, of which 230 were Rh and 170 were Rh-. Calculate the allele frequencies of D and d (DD individuals have the Rh+ phenotype. dd individuals have the Rh- phenotype. The phenotype of Dd is Rh+). How ny of the Rh+ individuals would be expected to be heterozygous? ad (’) > fon = OARS (636) 0.4a) = oe a » Noais +07. The I* “allele” for the ABO blood groups actually consists of two subtypes, I“ and I", either being considered "*". In Caucasians, about 3/4 of the IA alelles are I*! and 1/4 are I? (Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards, 1967). What would be the expected proportions of '1!, 11, and 14? among ’T* individuals? (ad) P2019 70.2% (44) TAS YA 1S 826.5 ALT AY 2 Log 1.a3(29)202 8, Tin 1700 US Caucasian newboms have a fibrosis. C is the normal allele, dominant over the recessive . Individuals must be homozygous for the recessive allele to have the disease. ‘What percent of the above population have cystic fibrosis (cc or q?)? /iq09 = 0587). Assuming a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, how many newborns would have cystic fibro: population of 10,000 people? _! i Taos * 10 00" ina BA newbrrins 9. The ability to taste PTC is due to a single dominate allele "T". You sampled 215 individuals in a biology las, and determined that 150 could detect the bitter taste of PTC and 65 could not. ‘What is the predicted frequency of the recessive allele (t)? tq) = 9/215 = What is the predicted frequency of dominant allele (1)? \~ 5 Ina population of 10,000 people, how many would be heterozygous (assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)? Homozygous dominant? Homozygous recessive? Caleulate all ofthe potential frequencies. = 0.445 (10,003 = 4450 nee | 0.1025 (lo, vod) = 2025 Wwemnnygets tet = 0, 3013 (19,v0): 3025 10. Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease, Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite, Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle-cell gene? S579: MME“ OEN per 03 01 204s 2(od)lOM) 0.4L or 42% Ss qe Naor * 6.3 ps 01° = 0.449 11, The trait for 'male-pattern baldness’ is a recessive trait encoded for by "b". Non-balding is encoded for by a dominant allele encoded for by the letter "B". A street survey conducted by Hair Club for Men found that out of 1000 men, 360 had male pattern baldness, the other 480 who did not and were heterozygous, and 160 who did not and were homozygous for a full head of hair. What are the phenotype ratios? 430% !\00 = U40, so ratio i, 3D balding? 64Onot baldin Using this information find the allele frequencies for B and b. Whaat are the expected genotype frequencies? are 30 GD BS 2038 Ng aneoneeggeas den. PT wand Vien? FUN FACT: what type oF 2 Note =) Arequercael b 0-4) ferapanny of &