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    Gasification is a process that converts solid fuels into a gaseous mixture called syngas through partial combustion with oxygen. There are several types of gasifiers that differ based on factors like the position of the gas outlet and whether they use fixed beds, fluidized beds, or entrained flow. Key reactions in gasification include combustion, the water-gas shift reaction, and reactions involving sulfur and nitrogen. Captured carbon can be stored or utilized in various ways like enhanced oil recovery or conversion to useful products like hydrogen and biofuels.

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    Gasification is a process that converts solid fuels into a gaseous mixture called syngas through partial combustion with oxygen. There are several types of gasifiers that differ based on factors like the position of the gas outlet and whether they use fixed beds, fluidized beds, or entrained flow. Key reactions in gasification include combustion, the water-gas shift reaction, and reactions involving sulfur and nitrogen. Captured carbon can be stored or utilized in various ways like enhanced oil recovery or conversion to useful products like hydrogen and biofuels.

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    25 views13 pages

    Gasification Process 3

    Uploaded by

    elmira
    Gasification is a process that converts solid fuels into a gaseous mixture called syngas through partial combustion with oxygen. There are several types of gasifiers that differ based on factors like the position of the gas outlet and whether they use fixed beds, fluidized beds, or entrained flow. Key reactions in gasification include combustion, the water-gas shift reaction, and reactions involving sulfur and nitrogen. Captured carbon can be stored or utilized in various ways like enhanced oil recovery or conversion to useful products like hydrogen and biofuels.

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    of 13

    Gasification Process

     Gasification is a process used to convert a Solid waste fuel into a mixture of CO,
    H2 and CH4 called synthetic gas or syngas.
    Chemical Reactions Involved in Gasification
    Combustion and Gasification

    Oxygen increases!
    Complete combustion of the carbon:
    It can be minimized by controlling the flow
    of Oxygen/Air
    C + O2 -> CO2 (3)
    Water-Gas shift reaction:
    It is controlled by adjusting the flow of
    steam.
    CO+ H2O -> H2 + CO2 (4)
    Combustion of the sulfur: It can be minimized by using a fuel with
    low sulfur content and by controlling the
    S + O2 -> SO2 (5) flow of oxygen / air.

    Formation of Hydrogen sulfide:


    it can be removed from the syngas using
    Acid gas removal technologies.
    S + H2O -> H2S + ½ O2 (6)
    Formation of Nitrogen oxides NOx: It can be avoided by using pure oxygen or
    by minimizing the temperature in the
    N2 + xO2 -> 2NOx (x=1 or 2) (7) gasifier
    Gasifier Types
    Depends on the position of gas outlet

    Gas

    Gas Air Air


    Air

    Air Gas
    Gasification systems Gasification Processes

    British Gas Lurgi


    Fixed bed Systems
    Fixed Bed Lurgi

    Winkler
    Fluidized bed
    HTW

    Koppers-Totzek

    Entrained Texaco

    Shell
    Fixed bed Systems

    Lurgi Process N2=50%


    Air as inlet CO=20%
    H2= 20%

    British Gas Lurgi


    Process (O2 instead of
    Air)

    Slagging ash
    Higher temperatures
    800-1200 C
    30-60 min
    Fuel size : 3-30mm
    Water / oxygen ratio
    4-8:1

    CH4=9%
    CO=60%
    H2= 28%
    Fluidized bed systems

    Winkler Gasification Process Bubbling Fluidized bed

    1920 Germany
    Air as inlet
    Temp. 1000-1150 C
    1-10 min
    Fuel size:1-10 mm

    CH4=3%
    CO=40%
    H2= 35%
    CO2, N2=20%
    Fluidized bed
    Circulating Fluidized bed

    High Temperature Winkler

    1993 Germany
    Oxygen as inlet
    Down feed darft
    Temp. 1800 C
    Using Cyclone for bed recovery
    Heat recovery system
    IGCC application
    Carbon conversion efficiency =98%
    Entrained Gasifier

    Texaco Gasification Process


    Mixed flow reaction
    Oxygen as inlet
    Temp. 1350-1500
    Gasification efficiency=78%
    Carbon conversion efficiency = 99%

    CO=54%
    H2= 34%
    CO2=11%

    In entrained-flow gasifiers, coal fines and the oxidant


    (air or oxygen) and/or steam are fed into the top of
    the gasifier. This results in the oxidant and steam
    surrounding or entraining the coal particles as they
    flow through the gasifier.
    Entrained Gasifier
    Koppers – Totzek Gasifier
    Mixed flow reaction
    Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen as inlet
    Temp. 1800-1900 C
    Fuel Pressure =1:40 bar
    Fuel
    Slagging Ash

    Syngas

    Slag
    Carbon capturing
    and storage

    Membrane
    Chemical sorbent
    Physical sorbent
    Mixed solvent
    Solid CO2 separation

    Carbon capturing
    and storage

    Hydrogen
    Biofuel
    Methanol
    DME
    Ammonia urea
    Carbon capture and sequestration /
    enhanced oil recovery

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