Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Дерево обработка
Дерево обработка
Meghan Noseworthy
Natural Resources Canada
Canadian Forest Service
Victoria BC
Protecting forest resources from forest pests
Minimize pest risk in international trade
• Develop and implement policies to
minimize international pest
movement
• Research to understand pest risks,
pathways Roger Brett NoFC, CFS
250
200
Billions $US
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1961 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013
http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/32149.pdf
Trees are the habitat for many organisms
Insects
Fungi
Nematodes
Foliage pests
Root pests
Deep wood inhabiting pests
Bark pests
Building strategies for pest risk reduction
Phytosanitary measure
Any legislation, regulation or official procedure having
the purpose to prevent the introduction or spread of
quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of
regulated non-quarantine pests.
(ISPM No. 5: Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms)
• Clearly defined
• Efficacious
• Certifiable
Phytosanitary Treatments
Treatment
Official procedure for the killing, inactivation or
removal of pests, or for rendering pests infertile or for
devitalization. (ISPM 5)
Recognition of treatments
• Bilateral trade – mutual agreement
• International trade (IPPC) – must meet
requirements of ISPM 28 and be adopted by CPM
Treatments
• Heat Treatment
• Fumigation
• Chemical
• Mechanical processing
(chipping, grinding)
• Irradiation
• Processed wood material
(plywood, pelletizing)
Heat Treatment
ISPM 15
56°C - 30 min
Heat Treatment
Kiln drying
• Normal production process for wood moisture reduction
• Generally uses heat suitable for phytosanitary certification
Fumigation Treatments
Treatment with a chemical agent that reaches the
commodity wholly or primarily in a gaseous state [FAO,
1990; revised FAO, 1995]
• Methyl bromide
• Phosphine
• Sulfuryl fluoride
• Ethanedinitrile (EDN)
• Hydrogen cyanide
Problems:
• Environmental issues
• Human health concerns
• Application – temperature,
moisture, wood penetration
• Variable effect across life stages
Chemical Treatments
Chemical impregnation
• Pressure, vacuum, heat
• “preserves” wood from decay
• Issues with penetration
• Living organisms already
present may survive
Chipping – Grinding
Wood chips
• Effective for most bark and wood boring
insects
• No effect on nematodes and fungi
(vector considerations)
• Control of chip size critical
Sawdust
• No effect on nematodes and fungi
Hog fuel
• Not an effective phytosanitary treatment
Processed wood material
Products that are a composite of wood constructed
using glue, heat and pressure, or any combination
thereof [ISPM 15, 2002]
• Plywood
• Oriented strand board
• Wood pellets
Verifying the efficacy of treatments
• RT- LAMP
• Validation of wood treatments
Positive Negative
samples controls
Assessment Heat Treatment Data
for Quarantine Pests