1

Issue 9 The Official Newsletter of the Johnny Reb Gaming Society $5.00

Scenarios for Richmond, Gettysburg

and Bailey’s Crossroads
Command & Control in JR3
Alternate Regimental Rules
Gettysburg HQ models
Gatling guns / Pontoon bridges
And so much more!

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

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Welcome to “CHARGE!” From the Editor’s Desk

This is the official newsletter of the Johnny
As I write this, it's autumn here in south-
Reb Gaming Society, an international central Pennsylvania - one of the best times
association of miniature wargamers who use
to tramp the nearby Gettysburg battlefield,
regimental-level rules such as the Johnny
and to explore all the new sight lines opened
Reb gaming rules developed by John Hill. up by the recent tree-cutting along
The newsletter will provide a quarterly forum
Munshower's Hill and the Slyder farm area.
for exchanging information regarding the I attended several organized battlewalks and
rules, original wargaming scenarios written
musters of historians and Gettysburg fans,
with JR in mind, and historical articles of and learned that I will never ever be finished
general interest to the regimental ACW learning more about Gettysburg. I'm amazed
gamer. at how little I really know, and how much
US membership in the society is $20 per there is to still absorb and digest! With
year, which will partially cover the cost of God's grace, Debi and I may live here for a
assembling, printing, and mailing the long, long time, and I'll get the opportunity
newsletter. Dues are payable via money to continue to learn.
order or personal check, which must be
made out to Deborah Mingus (society Debi and I are thrilled by the recent birth of
treasurer and secretary). Our mailing our first grandchild - Tristan Scott Mingus,
address and e-mail address are as follows: born October 6, 2005. Will he be a third
generation ACW wargamer?
The Johnny Reb Gaming Society
1383 Sterling Drive
York PA 17404 With winter coming up, it's time to get out
jrgsnl@comcast.net your reference books and start working on
some scenarios for inclusion in upcoming
We welcome your submissions of articles, issues of CHARGE! We welcome any and all
scenarios, advertising, and related submissions. There is an on-line index of
information, as well as letters to the editor. most published JR scenarios on the Yahoo
The copyrighted name Johnny Reb is used Group for jriii - why not peruse that list and
by written permission of John Hill. see what battles still need to be done in
regimental level wargaming detail?
Table of Contents
Terrain Tips on a Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Gettysburg - Plum Run Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Battlefield Restoration in Full Swing . . . . . . . . . 2
Variant Rules for Your Campaign .(Part 1) . . . . .5
Building a Better Regimental Organization . . . . 6
The Battle of Bailey's Crossroads . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Build a Bridge & Get Over it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Lee and Meade Headquarters at Gettysburg .. . .13
Richmond, Kentucky .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Ask John Hill .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Low Cost Model Roads .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
It's All About Leadership! .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
A Guide to Painting Horses .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

CHARGE! #10
Scheduled for shipment February, 2006

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

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Terrain Tips on a
Budget:
Making Flock for Basing
Figures or Fabricating
Terrain
By Doug Rogers
Being one of the cheapest gamers on the
continent, I am always looking for materials to
enhance the look of my tabletop battlefield. The other
day I spotted some dried decorative grasses among
my landscaping. Earlier, I was mulling over the
concept of using moss for something. Coffee
grounds? Fresh cat litter?… Sure! Why not? Bark,
dried evergreen?… The sources for low cost
materials are limitless.
The challenge is how to “process” some of
these materials. Well, look no further than your
kitchen or garage. Remember that old blender you
rarely use to make milk shakes or smoothies? It is
surprising the kinds of interesting flock you can make
by grinding various natural materials at high speed
(rpm) to miniaturize them. The decorative grass
makes wonderful cut hay. Moss turns into a nice
brown (earthy smelling) “dirt” flock. (Just be sure to
clean the blender well … just in case your spouse
suddenly decides to use it again.)
So, you are going to the beach, or fishing
along a river. This is a source of an amazing variety
of sands and mini-pebbles that can be separated when
dried to use for beaches, roads, plowed fields, etc.
There are two basic ways I use to “glue
down” flock on bases or terrain. The preferred
method is to use whatever color latex or acrylic paint
is closest to what I am flocking. After liberally
painting on a thick coat, I immediately sprinkle on
the flock, sand, etc. which stick in the paint. This is
left to dry before shaking off the remainder into its
storage container.
If the material is bigger, or for some reason
doesn’t like to stick in paint, then the alternate
method is to coat the substrate with a water-based
glue, like “Elmer’s” or some form of wood glue.
Since this is generally more viscous, you may need to
press the flock into the glue to avoid voids.
Editor’s note: Doug Rogers is a greater Cleveland-
area wargamer and head of the North Coast
Historical Wargaming Society. His Internet website
is at www.geocities.com/nchws2003. He has been
heavily involved in introducing the hobby of
miniature wargaming to his scouting (Royal
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Rangers) group, as well as to some of the rangers’
fathers. Contact Doug at swampbranch2@yahoo.com
Gettysburg Battlefield Restoration
In Full Swing!
The National Park Service is in the midst of a
20-year campaign to restore parts of the Gettysburg
National Military Park to a semblance of its 1863
appearance. Acres of non-historic trees have already
been removed, in some cases after 100 years of
uncontrolled growth. JRGS member (and publisher of
ACW scenario books) Ivor Janci took the above
photograph. It shows Munshower's Hill at the
northwest corner of Wheatfield Road and the non-
historic park service lane descending from Little
Round Top. This is near John Sedgwick's statue.
This hill was an important Federal artillery
position late on July 2 when elements of the Fifth and
Sixth Army Corps arrived to push back attacks by
Anderson and Wofford's Georgians. At the time of
the battle, the hill was relatively bare, but within 30
years, tree growth had begun to limit the view. By
2004, the artillery pieces and monuments were not
visible from the road. As with nearby woods along
Day's Hill and the Wheatfield, as well as on Devil's
Den, the trees were removed to restore the area's line
of sight, enabling the tramper to interpret battle lines.
Plans for the autumn of 2005 include the
removal of hundreds of non-historic trees from the
G.W. Weikert farm (often erroneously known as the
Timbers farm on many wargaming maps), an area
southwest of Devil's Den bordering the "triangular
field." Trees are also being thinned on Culp's Hill and
other areas. Miles of fencing were placed in July and
August (mainly along Wheatfield Road and near the
Rose Farm, as well as in the Pickett's Charge area).
Hundreds of fruit trees have been planted on
sites where orchards once stood in 1863, including
the Spangler farm where Pickett's Division launched
its ill-fated assault. All the trees in the Peach Orchard
have been cut down, as many were diseased and
dying (they were planted 27 years ago). Within 2
years, the entire Peach Orchard will be replanted
(much larger than the existing orchard and more
similar to its 1863 dimensions). An obtrusive Ford
dealership just in front of several Eleventh Corps
monuments on the Carlisle Road has been vacated
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and the site will be restored. However, there is much
more work to do! Volunteers are always needed!

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 5
Gettysburg:
Plum Run Valley
July 2, 1863
A mini-scenario by Scott Mingus
Late on the afternoon of the second day of
fighting at Gettysburg, Confederate General James
Longstreet finally launched his en echelon attack "up
Emmitsburg Road," several hours later than planned
due to a series of counter-marches. However, after
Maj. Gen. John B. Hood went down near the
Bushman orchard with a severe arm injury, several of
the Rebel attacks began drifting eastward instead of
to the northeast as planned. Bitter fighting raged
across a wide swath of farms, woodlots, hills and
rocks, and soon, names such as Devil's Den, Little
Round Top, the Rose Farm, and the Wheatfield
would become immortal. Union commanders rushed
troops from three additional infantry corps into the
swirling maelstrom in a desperate attempt to hold
back the Southern tide. For many, life was shortened.
By early evening, Confederate brigades
controlled Houck's Ridge, Rose's wheatfield, much of
the Weikert farm, and portions of the Plum Run
Valley. However, they were battered and worn down,
and casualties had been alarming in some regiments.
Still, as the sun dipped below South Mountain, they
were still a dangerous threat to the nearby Union
lines, equally bruised. Fresh Federal troops arrived.
Pennsylvania native Samuel W. Crawford led
his V Corps division (the famed Pennsylvania
Reserves formerly commanded by John Reynolds
and George Meade) toward Little Round Top,
marching along the sides of roads choked with
ambulances, the walking wounded, shirkers, and
noncombatants. After shifting positions twice, they
finally settled in on the northwest slope of the "rocky
citadel," as Crawford would later term Little Round
Top. He sent Fisher's brigade to the left to assist
Strong Vincent's embattled brigade. As the U.S.
Regulars fell back under relentless Confederate
pressure, Crawford formed his remaining brigades
into two lines. With orders to "do what he thought
best," Crawford prepared to advance into the valley.
To Crawford's right, elements of two VI
Corps divisions were also arriving on the battlefield.
Brig. Gen. Frank Wheaton's brigade (temporarily
commanded by Col. David J. Nevin) arrived.
Supported by artillery on Munshower's Hill (see the
the previous article for a photo taken from the general
area of Crawford's right wing), they began to push
forward. Crawford ordered the Reserves to fix
bayonets and descend Little Round Top at the
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
double-quick. The fiery general, mounted on a
handsome bay horse, seized the colors of the First
Reserves and led his division into the valley. Neither
Nevin nor Crawford received much serious
opposition, and soon they were able to push back the
Rebels and secure much of the area as night fell.
THE WARGAME
This small "kitchen table" mini-scenario
assumes a more stubborn Confederate resistance
(Wofford's brigade had not been ordered to retire as
they did historically), and Crawford and Nevin have a
larger fight on their hands. The game begins at 7
p.m., and lasts for 8 game turns, the final four being
in near darkness, with visibility and weapons ranges
halved. The Union wins if they can secure both of the
objective points (stars). The South wins if they hold
both. Any other result is a fruitless draw. The terrain
map is 3'x4' for 15mm. There are no reinforcements.
Union infantry regiments receive a +2 DRM
for their opening volleys; no one else does. Walcott's
battery is abandoned and may only be re-crewed by
Federal infantry as GREEN artillery per JR3 rules.
All CSA troops are tired from previous hard
fighting. Add a +1 die roll modifier to all morale
checks. Semmes and Anderson's brigades get an
additional +1 for having lost their brigadiers earlier in
the day. There is no CSA artillery support.
TERRAIN
John T. Weikert's woods are light in density.
Roll for visibility in full inches. Woods along Little
Round Top and the Rose Woods are medium in
density, and visibility is in half inches. Plum Run
requires a 2" movement penalty to cross, as it was
very marshy after recent rains. The smaller run on the
Weikert farm has only a 1" penalty. The slopes of
Little Round Top require a 1" penalty, as do linear
obstacles such as stonewalls and fences. The crest of
Munshower's Hill is rough and rocky terrain.
ORDER OF BATTLE
Union Army of the Potomac
Elements of Third Division, V Corps (Brig. Gen.
Samuel W. Crawford +2)
1st Brigade (Col. William "Buck" McCandless +1)
1st PA Reserves - 377 / 13 figs, RM, VET
2nd PA Reserves - 232 / 8 figs, RM, VET
6th PA Reserves - 323 / 11 figs, RM, VET
13th PA Reserves - 297 / 10 figs, RM, VET
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11th PA Res. (from Fisher's Brigade) - 327
men / 11 figs, RM, VET
Elements of Artillery Brigade
Walcott's 3rd Batty. (C), MA - 3 sect. 12#N
Gibbs' Battery L, 1 OH - 3 sect. 12#N
(2 sec. on Munshower's Hill, 1 on LRT)
Elements of Third Division, VI Corps
3rd Brigade (Col. David J. Nevin +1)
62nd NY - 237 / 8 figs, RM, VET
93rd PA - 234 / 8 figs, RM, VET
98th PA - 351 / 12 figs, RM, VET
102nd PA - not present; at Westminster
139th PA - 442 / 15 figs, RM, VET
CSA Army of Northern Virginia
Elements of McLaws' Division, Longstreet's Corps
Kershaw's Brigade (BG Joseph B. Kershaw +1)
2nd SC - 330 / 11 figs, RM, ELITE
3rd SC - 300 / 10 figs, RM, ELITE
7th SC - 300 / 10 figs, RM, ELITE
8th SC - 240 / 8 figs, RM, ELITE
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
15th SC - 360 / 12 figs, RM, ELITE
3rd James Bttn. - 180 / 6 figs, RM, ELITE
Semmes' Brigade (Col. Goode Bryan +1)
10th GA - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
50th GA - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
51st GA - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
53rd GA - 360 / 12 figs, RM, VET
Wofford's Brigade (BG William T. Wofford +1)
16th GA - 330 / 11 figs, RM, VET
18th GA - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
24th GA - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
Cobb's Legion - 180 / 6 figs, RM, VET
Phillips' Legion - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
3rd GA Sharpsh. - 100 / 3 figs, RM, ELITE
Elements of Hood's Division, Longstreet's Corps
Anderson's Brigade (Lt. Col. William Luffman +1)
7th GA - 300 / 10 figs, RM, VET
8th GA - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
9th GA - 270 / 9 figs, RM, VET
11th GA - 240 / 8 figs, RM, VET
59th GA - 420 / 14 figs, RM, VET
Shortly after the war, former
general Samuel W. Crawford
purchased 47 acres of the Plum Run
Valley and Devil's Den. He planned
to erect a 120' long memorial hall as
a tribute to the valor of the
Pennsylvania soldiers that had
consecrated the land with their
blood. Luckily, the large structure
was never built, and Crawford
eventually sold the land to the
Gettysburg Battlefield Commission.
In 1894, local entrepreneurs
constructed a controversial
sightseeing trolley line from
Gettysburg through the area,
connecting to a refreshment stop and
photo gallery William T ipton owned
near Devil's Den. A court order
forced the trolley line to close after
1915. Parts of the old railbed are still
evident, especially in Rose's Woods.
Today, the water table along Plum
Run is much lower than it was in
1863, and the marshy nature of the
ground has largely been reduced.
Munshower's Hill marked the
southern end of Daniel Sickles' III
Corps' morning position before he
moved west to the Peach Orchard.
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Variant Rules
for Your Campaign
Part I
By Robert Sweeney
Want to kick up your game a bit? Try some of these
variant rules in your game. Let me know how they
did or didn’t work (LimboLance@aol.com).
The Gatling gun saw only limited use in the Civil
War, Ben Butler used two around Petersburg and
eight on gunboats; Porter acquired one; and Hancock
ordered twelve for his I (Veteran) Corps). The Civil
War did test this weapon, perhaps the first successful
true machine gun used in warfare.
The Gatling gun was a hand-crank-operated
weapon with 6 barrels revolving around a central
shaft. The cartridges were fed to the gun by gravity
through a hopper mounted on the top of the gun. 6
cam-operated bolts alternately wedged, fired, and
dropped the bullets, which were contained in steel
chambers. Gatling used the 6 barrels to partially cool
the gun during firing. Since the gun was capable of
firing 600 rounds a minute, each barrel fired 100
rounds per minute.
The gun had a number of problems, however.
The bores were tapered, and often the barrels and
chambers did not exactly align, affecting accuracy
and velocity. The chamber system itself, in which a
paper cartridge was contained inside a capped steel
chamber, was both expensive and fragile (i.e. easily
“jammed”). While the gun showed much promise and
fired the standard .58-caliber ammunition, it had so
many drawbacks and was so radical in both design
and purpose that Gatling was unable to interest the
U.S. government until after the end of the Civil War.
(Courtesy of www.civilwarhome.com)
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
JRIII Game Effects: Gatling Guns, unlike artillery,
must be attached to Union (only) Infantry units in
order to be used (in effect, treat the combined units as
if they had five stands instead of the usual four). The
Gatling may not be “transferred” from unit to unit,
once assigned it must remain for the duration of the
scenario. Consider the crew as one figure and is lost
when the third stand is lost.
Prior to the unit’s firing (any type of fire – First,
Holding, Moving, Defensive, Additional, etc.), roll 1
die; if a 4, 5 or 6 is rolled – the Gatling has jammed
and may not be used, resolve fire normally. If a 1, 2
or 3 is rolled, the combined units will add 1 die
(Long Range), 2 dice (Normal Range) or 3 dice
(Short Range) to the attached unit’s fire die rolls
(dice not DRMs). Any fire combat roll in which all
5s and 6s result, causes the Gatling Gun to run out of
ammunition (all 6’s cause both the supporting unit
and the Gatling Gun to run out of ammunition).
The Gatling crew has no separate morale value
and suffers the same consequences as the supporting
unit. They cannot be targeted separately from the
supporting unit by opposing artillery but may be
targeted by sharpshooters.
They add their fire to Defending the Charge but
cannot accompany a Charging unit (simply leave the
Gatling at the start of the charge). Gatling Guns
move at the Disordered Infantry movement rate and
cannot be force marched (push marched). In Impact,
the Gatling Gun and crew offer a +1 Unique Impact
Morale Modifier and suffer the same fate as the
supporting unit.
***************************************
Other Ideas for Model 1862 Gatling Guns
Compiled by Scott Mingus
From the JR2 rules book: The gun is treated as light
artillery for movement and morale purposes.
Range 6" 12" 24" 36"
Fire Strength 8 4 2 1
If the gun rolls doubles on its fire combat dice roll,
assume the gun temporarily jammed (a problem not
resolved until the Model 1865) and cut the fire
strength in half for future roll (optional - cut the
casualties in half). No additional saving rolls.
From the archives of the JR3 Yahoo Group: Treat the
Gatling gun as light artillery. Close range = 0-3" roll
5 dice; Medium range = 3-10" roll 3 dice; Long range
= 11" - 20" roll 1 die. Out of ammo on all 5's +6's.
 8
Building A Better
Regimental Organization
By Dan Fraser
It has been a long time since I wrote an
article for anyone, but Scott asked me to write this
after looking over my versions of Fire and Fury
Regimental. I am a tinkerer in almost everything I
can take apart, and wargame rules are no exception.
While I own every version of Johnny Reb (and Stars
and Bars, Nation on Trial, VNB, etc), I have never
found a set of rules that satisfy both my main desires
in military simulation and playability. I need rules
that provide a quick easy-to-learn game because there
are few miniature wargames in the part of Canada I
am in, and these rules must appeal to army officer in
me and allow me to replicate combat the way that it
was. I want to make decisions at the regimental,
divisional and corps levels based on the way these
decisions would have been made back then. I also
recognize that everyone does not agree with me, so I
make a number of versions of my modifications in an
effort to appeal to a broad spectrum of possible users.
In the ACW genre, FnF is a benchmark in
easy-to-use brigade level rules. The rules system is
well designed with workable mechanics and is an
easy read. This immediately appealed to me, but as I
am a tactical sort of guy, I feel that there is more to
explore in the ACW genre historically and tactically
by re-creating battles at regimental level, as the
regiment is the basic combat unit in this type of
warfare. Thus I was drawn to Johnny Reb; an
excellent set of rules with version 2 being almost a
history of armed conflict in the period in itself. It is
very hard to use Johnny Reb in any of its versions to
teach a semi-willing novice, so I admire it more for
its research usefulness than for its ability to attract
novices.
But back to FnF for now: The play test
version of FnF Regimental was a godsend for me, but
it lacked a number of refinements. First and most
important is a tidy battlefield; the large number of
stands is a remnant of early wargame systems that
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
can be challenging to a novice. The FnF results
matrices do limit the number of outcomes from
combat, but there is a sufficient variety and
plausibility of outcomes so that I would pronounce
these matrices to be an excellent overall idea. FnF
has a simple turn sequence and the rulebook is well
laid out in an excellent order of events.
Back to Johnny Reb for a moment here: One
of the best ideas to come out of Johnny Reb was
holding the number of stands in a unit constant while
varying the number of figures on a stand to simulate
unit size. This idea can be improved on though! The
number of stands should bear some significance to
the tactical employment of the unit and its sub-unit
organization.
So much for game mechanics; next I
considered what I wanted to portray tactically. I
looked at a number of rule sets for this period (ACW
and other period wars). I decided that a regimental
game was important and that John Hill’s reasoning
on artillery sections in Johnny Reb 1 and 2 was a
sound portrayal of artillery usage during the period
and the proper level to depict artillery, as was the 5-
stand infantry regiment. Once I got a copy of Johnny
Reb III, I again agreed that cavalry depiction by
battalions (thus stands equalling rough a company)
was excellent relationship of cavalry to infantry in
this period. Cavalry deployed with infantry was
often in company packets as flankers, headquarters
escorts and scouts. Cavalry was used in combat in
regiments that were deployed in battalion echelons on
many occasions, so it was important to replicate this
on wargame battlefield. Finally, there is a difference
in the organization of cavalry after 1862 in the ACW
period and it was necessary to have a single
organization that would reflect the different
regimental organizations accurately without the need
to re-base figures.
With all this considered, I decided to develop
a set of 19th Century wargame rules that would be
realistic and tactically relevant. I, therefore, took the
play test version of FnF Regimental (which seems to
be going nowhere as a commercial product) and
added the Johnny Reb 2 organization mechanics and
massaged it into a single document with some ad hoc
“off the internet” FnF and JR variations that I geared
to the regimental level. This was a fairly simple
affair and provided a simple set of rules geared to 5-
stand regiments of infantry and cavalry with gun
sections in support. It did not solve the relationship
of cavalry to infantry unless you used small stands of
 9
cavalry and called them “companies” where less than figures) that are mounted on five ¾ inch square bases
a regiment of was deployed. (3 figures to a base).

My second attempt was a merging of FnF
Regimental with Johnny Reb III unit organizations to
appeal to JRIII gamers and keep set standards of
basing between the two games. This left me with the
same criticisms that were levelled at Johnny Reb III.
In the main, all I ended up with was a FnF Brigade
game with a lot more command stands and huge
packs of cavalry wandering around. I needed a new
organization system if I was to make this project
work.
Next, I settled on a stand, regardless of the
number men it represented, to represent two
companies. This gave me a benchmark to organize
regimental sized units of infantry and cavalry. Thus,
US regular infantry battalions became 4-stand units
(AKA JRIII) while volunteer infantry regiments,
Confederate cavalry regiments and pre-1862 Union
cavalry regiments became 5-stand units (AKA JR2)
and Union post-1862 cavalry regiments became 6-
stand units (to represent their organization of 12
companies in 6 squadrons in 3 battalions). The
whole thing was supported with artillery gun sections
of the JR2 type. This is a good compromise but
Confederate cavalry are not well represented because
they could not be divided into two battalions of five
companies evenly. A couple of play tests convinced
me I need to re-visit the cavalry organization.
For the cavalry, a 180-man (the average size
of a Union cavalry battalion in the field) cavalry
battalion (12 figures) in close order line formation (2
ranks) occupies 5 inches long by 1 inch deep (each
stand is 1¼ by 1 inch) or 200 by 40 yards. A cavalry
regiment would have between 2 and 3 battalions,
although many late-war Confederate cavalry
regiments were organized as a single battalion.
The remainder of the army is mounted
functionally as well. Artillery guns are mounted on a
¾ inch square base and cannoneers (gunners to us
Canadians) are mounted on a ½ inch square base. All
limbers and wagons are on a ¾ by 2 inch base.
Generals are mounted according to their command
level with army commanders on 4 figure cavalry
sized bases, corps commanders on three figure bases,
division commanders on 2 figure infantry sized bases
and brigade commanders on ½ inch by 1 inch single
mounted figure bases.
Editor’s note: for more information or
questions on Dan’s interesting “kit-bash” of JR and
Fire and Fury, please drop him an e-mail at
Fraser.DW@forces.gc.ca

Finally, I settled on the two-company-to-a-

stand representation for infantry and the 4-stand
representation for cavalry battalions (or one cavalry
stand represents one company or two stands is
squadron), both of which are supported by artillery
gun sections. Overall, I get the ability to deploy
infantry regiments with support from cavalry
companies and artillery gun sections. This
organization represents the actual tactical use of sub-
units on the ACW battlefield without the clumsiness
of a large number of stands under one command
stand.

Aesthetically, I use 10mm figures

represented at one figure to 15 actual men with
JR3 Rules Questions?
Gamers, if you have
15mm game ranges and values, and a game range of
questions involving rules interpretation, send them to
1 inch equals 40 yards. Thus in my game, a 375-man
(25 figures) infantry regiment in close order line Debi Mingus at jrgsnl@comcast.net.
Questions will be collected
formation (2 ranks) occupies a frontage of 5 inches
and forwarded to John Hill
long by ¾ inch deep (each stand is 1 by ¾ inches) or
for the
200 by 30 yards. I use infantry regiments up to 720
“Ask John Hill” column.
men that are mounted on five 1½ by ¾ inch bases (9
figures to a base) and as small as 225 men (15

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 10
The Battle of Bailey’s
Crossroads
By Daniel Erdman
Bailey’s Crossroads is a fictional battle that could
have occurred just before the historical battle of
Chickamauga. The scenario is based on George
Anderson’s campaign “Lost Victory: the Scenario for
McLemore’s Cove” published in Issue 51 of Zouave
magazine. Two members of the Camino Real
gamers’ group in Albuquerque, NM played a double-
blind campaign by telephone and email for a week
before the battle. As referee, I calculated all the
movement and reported back to them the results of
their orders. I trust it was a study in frustration for
them, as troops failed to receive orders, or
misunderstood them, or complied and were exhausted
by the effort.
Because of the map campaign and lack of familiarity
with the enemy OOBs, neither side knew exactly
what they would encounter in this battle. Cavalry
was almost nonexistent so little scouting could be
carried out.
The Union player gradually became aware of the
overwhelming Confederate forces that could come
together against him. He withdrew to a gap between
Lookout Mountain and the southern end of
Missionary Ridge in order to protect his lines of
communication through Stevens' Gap. Since his
other forces to the north covering the road through
Thornton’s Mills were outnumbered by the CSA
forces facing them, I ruled that he would suffer a
strategic defeat if forced back from Bailey’s
Crossroads. (Hence the name of this hypothetical
battle.)
The battlefield is defined by the two roads and the
flanks of the two mountains. Lookout Mountain is
impassable. Missionary Ridge is two levels, and the
slopes are broken terrain. The rest of the area should
be covered by randomly scattered clumps of light
woods, their placement and size to be generated by
whatever means you choose. A building or two at the
crossroads is optional. After the Union player had set
up, I randomly assigned hasty works to a few units.
For every ½ hour the CSA delayed attacking, I
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
allowed the Union player to place hasty works in
front of one more unit.
Photo courtesy of Doug Kline
(Battlefield Terrain Concepts)
Union: Your objective is to hold the crossroads
against all attacks. The roads are your lifeline. You
can set up anywhere up to the middle of the table.
The game could begin as early as 10:30 a.m. when
the first CSA units are available for attack. However,
if the CSA player decides to wait until more troops
arrive, he can do so. Every ½ hour (two turns in
JRII) that he delays the attack, you can build more
hasty works.
Confederate: Your objective is to take the crossroads.
Hill and Cleburne can arrive as early as 10:30 a.m.
with the brigades of Wood and Polk. Wood enters on
the right side of the road and Polk on the left. Both
are in line with skirmishers to the fore. Divisional
Artillery is limbered on the road, ready to enter. Gist
enters at 12:30 p.m., with Colquitt’s and Ector’s
brigades, on the CSA far right flank. They can enter
anywhere within two feet of the corner, with
skirmishers to the fore and the rest in attack columns.
Wilson enters at 1:00 on the road in march column.
At 2:00, Deshler enters on the left flank on a two-foot
frontage and up to one foot onto the short side of the
table. Also at 2:00 p.m., roll one d6. On a roll of 1,
Buckner and Preston enter at 2:30 on the road with
Gracie’s and Trigg’s brigades in column. On a roll of
2 or 3, they enter at 2:15. On a roll of 4, 5 or 6, they
enter on time at 2:00. One supply wagon enters with
each division and one with the divisional artillery.
Editor's note - see CHARGE! issue #6 for John Hill's
optional JR rules for using supply wagons.
 11

Bailey’s Crossroads (Chickamauga): Confederate Army OOB

Note: all artillery descriptions are for 2-gun sections 6#SB = smoothbore 12#How = Howitzer

Unit Label Description Quality

Simon B. Buckner Buckner Corps Cmdr +2
Clark’s Cav (escort) Clark 100 Cav ML Carbine Average
William Preston Preston Division Cmdr +1
Archibald Gracie Gracie Brigade Cmdr +1
1st Ala Hilliard Hilliard 1 300 Inf RM Average
2nd Alabama Hilliard Hilliard 2 200 Inf RM Average
3rd Alabama Hilliard Hilliard 3 200 Inf RM Average
4th Alabama Hilliard Hilliard 4 200 Inf RM Average
63rd Tennessee 63 TN 400 Inf RM Average
Robert C. Trigg Trigg Brigade Cmdr +1
1st Fla. Cav. (dism) 1 FL DIS 300 Inf RM Average
6th Florida 6 FL 300 Inf RM Green
7th Florida 7 FL 300 Inf RM Green
54th Virginia 54 VA 300 Inf RM Average

Reserve Corps:
States Rights Gist Gist Division Cmdr +1
Peyton L. Colquitt Colquitt Brigade Cmdr +1
46th Georgia 46 GA 400 Inf. RM Average
16th South Carolina 16 SC 300 Inf. RM Average
24th South Carolina 24 SC 400 Inf. RM Average
8th Georgia Bn 8 GA 300 Inf. RM Average
Matthew D. Ector Ector Brigade Cmdr +1
29th North Carolina 29 NC 300 Inf RM Average
9th + 10th Texas (dism) 9+10 TX 300 Inf. RM Average
14th Texas (dism) 14 TX 300 Inf. RM Average
32nd Texas (dism) 32 TX 300 Inf. RM Average
Pound’s Miss Bn SS Pound SS 200 Sharpshooters Average
Stone’s Ala Bn SS Stone SS 200 Sharpshooters Average
Claudius G. Wilson Wilson Brigade Cmdr +1
25th Georgia 25 GA 300 Inf. RM Average
29th Georgia 29 GA 300 Inf. RM Average
30th Georgia 30 GA 300 Inf. RM Average
4th Louisiana Bn 4 LA 200 Inf. RM Average
1st Georgia Bn SS 1 GA SS 200 Sharpshooters RM Average

UNDYING COURAGE: ANTIETAM IN MINIATURE

Regimental- level scenario book may now be purchased from www.zouavemagazine.com

Gist Buckner

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 12
Daniel H. Hill Hill Corps Cmdr +2
Patrick R. Cleburne Cleburne Division Cmdr +2
Sterling A.M. Wood Wood Brigade Cmdr +1
16th Alabama 16 AL 400 Inf RM Elite
33rd Alabama 33 AL 500 Inf RM Elite
45th Alabama 45 AL 500 Inf RM Elite
32nd Mississippi 32 MS 300 Inf RM Elite
45th Mississippi 45 MS 300 Inf RM Elite
18th Alabama Bn 18 AL BN 200 Inf RM Elite
15th Mississippi SS 15 MS SS 100 Sharpshooters RM Elite
Lucius E. Polk L. Polk Brigade Cmdr +1
1st Arkansas 1 AR 400 Inf RM Average
3rd + 5th Confederate 3+5 CSA 400 Inf RM Elite
2nd Tennessee 2 TN 300 Inf RM Average
35th Tennessee 35 TN 200 Inf RM Average
48th Tennessee 48 TN 100 Inf RM Average
James Deshler Deshler Brigade Cmdr +1
19th + 24th Arkansas 19+24 AR 300 Inf RM Elite
6th + 10th + 15th TX 6+10+15 TX 400 Inf RM Elite
17th + 18th Tex Dism 17+18 TX 300 Inf RM Elite
24th + 25th Tex Dism 24+25 TX 300 Inf RM Elite
Divisional Artillery
Calvert’s Ark Bty Calvert 2 x 12# James Rifle Average
Douglas’s Tex Bty Douglas 1x6#SB+1x12# How Average
Semple’s Ala Bty Semple 1x6#SB+1x12# How Average

Bailey’s Crossroads (Chickamauga): Union Army OOB

Note: all artillery descriptions are for 2-gun sections

12#N = Napoleon 12#JR = James Rifle 12#How = Howitzer

Unit Label Description Quality

George H. Thomas Thomas Corps Cmdr +2
Co. L, 1st Ohio (escort) 1 OH escort 100 Cavalry BL Carbine Average
Absalom Baird Baird 1 st Division Cmdr +2
Benjamin Scribner Scribner Brigade Cmdr +1
20th Ohio 20 OH 400 Inf. RM Average
33rd Ohio 33 OH 400 Inf. RM Average
94th Ohio 94 OH 300 Inf. SB Average
38th Indiana 38 IN 400 Inf. SB Average
10th Wisconsin 10 WI 400 Inf. SB Average
1st Michigan Battery 1 MI 3 x 10# Parrott rifle Average
John Starkweather Strkwthr Brigade Cmdr +1
24th Illinois 24 IL 400 Inf RM Average
79th Pennsylvania 79 PA 400 Inf RM Average
1st Wisconsin 1 WI 400 Inf SB Average
21st Wisconsin 21 WI 400 Inf SB Average
4th Indiana Battery 4 IN 1 12# N, 1 12# JR, 1 12# How Average
James Negley Negley 2 nd Division Cmdr +2
John Beatty Beatty Brigade Cmdr +1
104th Illinois 104 IL 300 Inf. RM Green
42nd Indiana 42 IN 300 Inf. SB Average

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 13
th
88 Indiana 88 IN 200 Inf. SB Average
15th Kentucky 15 KY 300 Inf. RM Average
Bridges’ Illinois Bty Bridges 1x12# N, 2x3” Rodman Rfl Average
Timothy Stanley Stanley Brigade Cmdr +1
19th Illinois 19 IL 300 Inf RM Average
11th Michigan 11 MI 300 Inf RM Average
18th Ohio 18 OH 300 Inf RM Average
Battery M, 1st Ohio Lt. Art. M 1 OH 2x12# James & 1x3” Rodman Average
William Sirwell Sirwell Brigade Cmdr +1
37th Indiana 37 IN 300 Inf. RM Average
21st Ohio 21 OH 500 Inf. Repeaters (poor) Average
74th Ohio 74 OH 300 Inf. RM Average
78th Pennsylvania 78 PA 300 Inf. RM Average
Battery G, 1st Ohio Lt. Art. G 1 OH 2x Napoleon & 1x 3” Rodman Average

Bailey’s Crossroads: Table Setup

The table is 5 by 9 feet for JRII with 1/72-scale

figures. Adjust for other games and scales. The
top of the map is basically north. The red lines
are the two roads. The green oval in the north is
the tip of Missionary Ridge. It has two levels.
The green circle in the southwest is the edge of
Lookout Mountain. It is impassable to troops.
Union sets up on the western half of the table.
Confederates enter from the eastern side
including the corners. The blue line defines entry
area for Colquitt and Ector, the purple dashed
line for Deshler. Arrival of other troops is
described relative to the road entering from the
east. Add woods, buildings, fences as desired.

D. H. Hill G. H. Thomas

In early 2006, watch for Flames Beyond Gettysburg: The Gordon Expedition, a new detailed full-length book
on the June 1863 Confederate movements through south-central PA, featuring the "First Fight at Gettysburg"
on June 26, as well as the skirmishes at Hanover Junction and Wrightsville, and the surrender of York, PA.

Written by Scott Mingus. Forward by noted cavalry author Eric J. Wittenberg. Produced by Ironclad
Publishing. A part of the popular "Discovering Civil War America" series. Includes several driving tours!

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 14
BUILD A BRIDGE,
AND GET OVER IT!
Pontoon Bridge Building Rules for ACW
Regimental Games
By Dan Fraser
While originally written for a Regimental
Fire & Fury variant, the following ideas can be
readily adapted as house rules for several other
regimental level American Civil War rules sets,
including Johnny Reb. This also works for
campaign games.
A wagon pontoon bridge is a floating
bridge made up of floating pontoons and a
bridge deck of wood. Pontoon bridges are
carried dismantled on wagons. This convoy of
bridge carrying wagons is called a "Bridge Train"
and includes the engineers necessary to build
the bridge.
Pontoon Bridge Building Procedure: The
procedure of building a pontoon bridge is as
follows:
Turn 1 - The Bridge Train is moved to the site
and backed up to the spot where the
bridge is to be built. The engineer
personnel figures are unloaded. All
bridge parts are unloaded beside the site
of the bridge building. All movement
stops once this happens.
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Turn 2 - All wagons are moved off the site to a
holding area. The near shore pontoon is
emplaced.
Turn 3 - The near shore ramp is raised to the
near shore pontoon. Maximum point of
building is the top of the near shore
ramp.
Turn 4 - The far shore pontoon is emplaced and
the bridge deck is emplaced. Wagons
may now drive up to the end of the near
shore ramp. Maximum point of building
is the middle of the bridge deck.
Turn 5 - The far shore ramp is raised. Wagons
may now drive to the middle of the
bridge. Maximum point of building is the
top of the far shore ramp.
Turn 6 - The pontoon bridge is completed and
wagons may use it normally.
During the building process, the engineer
personnel figures are placed at the maximum
point of building. An erected pontoon bridge sits
on the water so all boat traffic is cut off from
proceeding up or down river pass the erected
bridge. Pontoon bridges may hold all types of
animal and personnel traffic. Pontoon bridges
are one-way traffic only, thus all traffic must be
off the bridge before traffic going the opposite
way can use the bridge.
Leadership is the art of accomplishing more
than the science of management says is possible.
- Gen. Colin Powell, U.S. Army
 15
LEE AND MEADE
HEADQUARTERS AT
GETTYSBURG
Product Review of Two New Model
Buildings by Musket Miniatures
Larry Reber
“Boy, if these walls could talk!” This
familiar expression, which yearns for knowledge,
certainly applies for two particular buildings in
Gettysburg; the modest dwellings chosen by
General Lee and General Meade as their
respective headquarters during the battle.
Musket Miniatures is offering new 15mm scale
models of these two historically significant
structures for ACW gamers and collectors.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
By odd coincidence, both Lee and
Meade chose the residence of solitary widow
ladies to establish as their battle headquarters.
For General Lee, the home of Mary Thompson
was a logical choice. Known as the “Thompson
House”, this stone dwelling was located along
the Chambersburg Pike, Lee’s line of supply and
communication. The house is also close to the
highest vantage point on the west side of
Gettysburg, the Lutheran Seminary. There is
some dispute about how much business of battle
actually took place within the Thompson House
itself. We have strong and reliable evidence that
General Lee personally used the house for
meals and lodging, but some other Confederate
accounts report that his staff established formal
headquarters in tents nestled in an orchard on
the opposite side of Chambersburg Pike.
Regardless whether battle strategy was planned
in the house or across the road, on July 2nd and
3rd, 1863, the site came to be recognized as
Lee’s headquarters, and incoming messages
sent to Lee from all over the battlefield would
first arrive at that central location.
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Mapmaker John Bachelder designated
the Thompson House as Lee’s Headquarters on
his 1863 map of the Gettysburg battlefield
landmarks and troop positions.
After interviewing local citizens who
witnessed events, Mathew Brady was so
convinced of the significance of the Thompson
House that he photographed four views of the
house on July 16th, including one photograph of
Brady himself posing in front of the house with
the widow Thompson
The actual building is still standing today,
and serves as a gift shop and museum.
Surprisingly, the property is in private hands, not
owned by the National Park Service! (We must
remember that during the NPS’ first forty years
of existence, Confederate landmarks and troop
positions were given little priority.) The movie
“Gettysburg” portrayed two dramatic scenes in
the Thompson House; Lee’s meeting with Ewell,
Hill, and Early after the first day, and Lee’s
admonishment of General Stuart.
General Meade made his headquarters
in the home of Lydia Leister, another widow
living just outside of Gettysburg town. Situated
along the Taneytown Road leading south from
Gettysburg, this simple, somewhat crudely built
clapboard farmhouse was ideal as a site for
Union headquarters because it was centrally
located behind the Union “fishhook” line of
battle.
The “Leister House” played a more
historically significant role in the events of the
Gettysburg battle than the Thompson House.
General Meade held his now-famous council of
war in the farmhouse; and the errant
Confederate artillery fire which overshot prior to
Pickett’s Charge unfortunately fell upon the
house and surrounding yard, destroying
ambulances and supply wagons, and forcing
 16

Meade and his staff to hurriedly relocate.

Photographer Alexander Gardner, who arrived in
Gettysburg before Brady, photographed the
Leister House and surrounding grounds only 3
days after the battle, showing the devastation
wrought during the battle.

The actual Leister farmhouse still stands The Meade Headquarters model
on NPS property, maintained pretty much as it (MUSKET MINIATURES ITEM #FST0500) has a
appeared during the battle. Regrettably, the footprint of 7cm by 5.5cm and height of 5cm.
interior of the building is closed to the public, and The details of the shingled roof, porch, windows
we can only peer through the windows to catch a & doors are excellent and easy to paint. I did
glimpse of the room where Meade and his staff notice one error… the MUSKET folks were not
forged their battle plans. as diligent in historical accuracy of this model, as
they omitted the windows on the side ends of the
ABOUT THE MODELS house, clearly visible in Gardner’s post-battle
photograph.
These new model buildings offered by
Musket Miniatures are made of high quality,
sturdy resin. Both are very crisp and cleanly
cast. I did not have to do any filing or sanding to
prep the models for painting. Although listed as
15mm scale, the models are small in stature and
I believe they would be suitable for either 10mm
or 15mm gaming.
The Lee Headquarters model (MUSKET
MINIATURES ITEM #FST0501) has a footprint
of 8cm by 7cm, and a height of 6.5cm. The
original Thompson House was designed as a
duplex, housing two separate families, with long
sloping roofline and symmetrical doors, windows
and chimneys on each side (same as the Jennie
Wade house also in Gettysburg). This model is
historically accurate in depicting the overall
shape and features of the actual building. (The
dormers that now exist on the actual structure
are post-battle.)
The shingled roof,
windows & doors
and the stone
exterior façade of
the model are
excellently
detailed and easy
to paint. It is good that war is so terrible, or we should
grow too fond of it. - Gen. Robert E. Lee, CSA

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 17

MY RECOMMENDATIONS

The amount of detail on these model

buildings makes them easy to paint and highlight
with a little dry brushing. As with all resin
models, you should wash & rinse the piece with
warm soapy water to remove any talc or mold
release agents that might prevent paint
adhesion.
For an added touch of historical
accuracy, I scratch-built the arbor on Lee’s
Headquarters and the porch railing on Meade’s
Headquarters with scrap pieces of styrene
plastic. (These minor features are NOT
INCLUDED on the products as sold.)
Since Scenic Effects Gettysburg
buildings have gone off the market, there has
been a void of historical model buildings for the
ACW gaming community. I applaud Musket
Miniatures for stepping to the plate with the
release of these two recognized structures. I
recommend the Lee and Meade Headquarters
are “must have” terrain items for your Gettysburg
miniature gaming battlefield.
These models are available directly from
MUSKET MINIATURES. Visit their website at
http://www.musketminiatures.com.
For further reading, I recommend “The Stonewall Jackson imitates Hercules
Story of General Lee’s Headquarters” by
Timothy H. Smith. ISBN-0-939631-85-7.
Available at most Gettysburg gift shops and
bookstores.

Historical photos courtesy of the Library of

Congress. Other photos by Larry Reber
(www.getsoldiers.com) of Washington, WV.

Scenarios
and Articles Needed!
Please feel free send us your regimental-level Ci vil War
gami ng scenarios. Send all submissions to the Johnny
Reb Gami ng Society at jrgsnl@comcast.net. Articles
will be used based upon space and availability per
issue, and may be edited by the staff. Keep ‘em coming,
soldier!

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 18
Richmond, Kentucky
August 29 & 30, 1862
By Bill Baker-Di Giulio
The battle of Richmond was one of
the leading incidents in Confederate General Braxton
Bragg's invasion of Kentucky. When it was
known that Bragg was moving northward, a force of
Federal recruits had been hurriedly collected at
Louisville and organized into the Army of Kentucky,
under the command of Maj. Gen. William
Nelson. The Union forces at Richmond consisted of
the 1st and 2nd brigades of this army, respectively
commanded by Brig. Gen. M. D. Manson and Brig.
Gen. Charles Cruft. Manson's brigade was composed
of the 16th , 55th , 68th and 71st Ind. infantry,
and Lanphere's battery. Cruft's was made up of the
12th and 66th Ind., 18th Ky. and 95th Ohio infantry and
Andrews' battery. Many of the men were new
recruits, unused to army discipline and unskilled in
the arts of war.
In the absence of General Nelson, the
command of the two brigades devolved on Manson,
who had established his headquarters about 2 miles
from the town of Richmond. Here he received word
at 11 a.m. on the 28th that Munday's cavalry had
encountered the enemy, some 5,000 strong in the
vicinity of Kingston. Manson sent word to Munday
to hold the Confederates in check as long as
possible, and ordered his whole brigade under arms.
Reinforcements were sent out to the pickets, but
about 2 p.m. the entire picket line was compelled to
fall back toward the main body. South of Manson's
camp were some high hills that
completely commanded his position, and he
determined to move out and occupy these, to prevent
their falling into possession of the enemy. When he
had advanced about three-fourths of a mile, a heavy
column of Confederate cavalry was discovered
some distance east of the road. Lieut. Lanphere was
directed to open fire with the artillery, and a few
well-directed shots scattered the enemy in all
directions. The brigade then moved forward and took
up a position where the artillery commanded the road
as far south as Rogersville, and awaited
the appearance of the enemy. Again the battery
opened fire and after a skirmish of about an hour, the
Confederates were forced to retire from the field,
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
with a loss of a number of captured, together with
several horses and a piece of artillery.
Manson then moved his command to
Rogersville, where the men bivouacked for the night,
with orders to sleep on their arms. Col. Metcalfe with
his cavalry was sent out to pursue the retreating
enemy. After following them for some 6 miles,
he encountered a cavalry picket who after a slight
skirmish retired. Metcalfe lost 2 men killed and
wounded. That evening, Gen. Kirby Smith,
commanding the Confederates, was reinforced by the
arrival of Churchill's division. He decided to move to
Richmond the next day, "even at the cost of a battle
with the whole force of the enemy." Manson had sent
word to maintain a strong picket on the Lancaster
road, and to hold his command in readiness to
move at a moment's notice. At 6 a.m. on the 30th, he
found that the Confederates were advancing. He at
once sent an order to Cruft to bring up his command
as soon as possible, and placing himself at the head of
the 55th Ind., Manson moved out with his brigade to
meet the Confederate column. About half a mile
beyond Rogersville, near Mt. Zion Church, the
enemy's advance was encountered and after a sharp
skirmish was driven back. Manson then took
possession of some woods and high ground on the
left of the road and formed a line of
battle. Skirmishers were thrown to the front and the
enemy was held in check over an hour when it was
discovered that a movement was under way to turn
the left of the skirmish line. This was McCray's
brigade of Churchill's division, which had
almost gained a position on the flank before its
presence there was discovered.
At this juncture, Cruft's brigade came on
the field and Manson ordered him to send the 95th
Ohio to the support of the skirmishers, while the 69th
Ohio was sent against a battery that the enemy was
trying to plant on a hill a short distance to the front
and right. In attempting to take the hill, the regiment
was subjected to an enfilading fire that threw it into
some confusion, and the enemy, prompt to take
advantage of this circumstance, pressed forward with
a heavy force, driving the right of the line from the
field. At the same time, the left was turned and for a
short time it looked as if the Union troops were
hopelessly defeated. But Manson, who was a veteran
of the Mexican War, inspired confidence in his men
by his heroic example, and after falling back for
about a mile, a new line of battle was formed
on White's farm, with Cruft's brigade on a ridge to the
 19
right of the road; the 1st brigade being formed some
distance to the rear on the left of the road, with its
battery in front. The first attack on this position was
made against Cruft's left, but it was repulsed by the
95th Ohio and 66th Ind., which formed that part of the
line.
The Confederates now moved up through the
woods and attacked the right of the brigade. Here
the 18th Ky. and 12th Ind., who had not been engaged
in the first fight, stood their ground for some time, but
finally yielded to overpowering numbers and fell
back in disorder. The 1st brigade had already been
driven from the field, and in a short time the whole
army was flying toward Richmond. Manson
and Cruft both rode to the front and tried to rally the
men, but in vain. At Richmond, Gen. Nelson met the
retiring troops and assumed command. Most of the
men had fled through the town, but about 2,500 were
rallied and a third line formed, the left resting on the
state road near the tollgate, occupying the
cemetery and thence running back into the woods on
the right. The line was scarcely formed when the
Confederates, elated by their first victory, again
advanced to the attack. For a time, the enemy was
held in check by the skirmishers, but in a little while,
the attack became general and the Union lines broke
and fled in confusion. It was now a case of "every
fellow for himself."
Before the attack was made at the cemetery,
the Confederate cavalry had gained a position in the
Federal rear, and as the fugitives rushed back into this
enemy, they were either killed or captured in large
numbers. Gen. Cruft in his report says: "The account
of the whole battle may be summed up in a few
words. It was an attack by at least 15,000 well-
disciplined troops, under experienced officers, upon
6,250 citizens, ignorant of war, without officers of
experience. The wonder is that the latter fought so
well for a whole day, could be twice rallied after
being panic-stricken, and that any escaped slaughter
or capture." The Union loss at Richmond was 206
killed, 844 wounded and 4,303 captured or missing.
Gen. Manson himself was among the captured and all
the artillery fell into the hands of the enemy. Kirby
Smith reported his losses as being 98 killed, 492
wounded and 12 missing.
Source: The Union Army, Vol. 6
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Weather During the Battle of Richmond
By August, the drought of 1862 was in full
effect. Crops were "suffering" and the grass in the
pastures was dry enough to burn. Water for the
livestock was becoming scarce. The last rain of
significance had fallen on 14 August from a violent
thunderstorm. The sprinkles on the 21st and the 23rd
were hardly enough to settle the dust. During the
night of 27 August, an evening shower very light
rain, most of which would have infiltrated quickly
into the dry soil. Dusty conditions would have
returned rapidly during the sunny days that followed.
The first combat began about 2 p.m. on 29
August, 1862. Joseph McDowell Mathews, the
President of the Jessamine Female Institute in
Nicholasville in Jessamine County, measured the
temperature at 65°F under a clear sky at 7 a.m., but
by 2 p.m. it had warmed to 82°F under scattered
clouds. A very light breeze was blowing toward the
northeast, the relative humidity was 60%, and the
pressure was 29.06 inches. That evening the
temperature had cooled to 75°F by 9 p.m. and the
relative humidity had risen to 68%.
By the next morning (Saturday, 30 August
1861), it was a pleasant 68°F, but with a rather sultry
90% relative humidity and still only a very light
breeze moving toward the northeast. The broken sky
conditions continued through the day and as the
temperature reached 86°F at 2 p.m., the relative
humidity had fallen to 59% with the pressure
remaining steady at 29.18 inches. During the night
after the battle, it had only cooled to 77°F by 9 p.m.
under a cloudy sky and the relative humidity had
soared to 81%. No doubt it was an uncomfortable
night for troops of both armies.
Scenario Victory Conditions
The Confederates must clear the road to Richmond of
all Union forces. The road is considered clear if at
anytime there are no Union troops within 8” of it, or
if half of all Union regiments are spent/broken.
Terrain Effects
* The woods are considered light for visibility and
broken terrain for movement.
* The cornfields block LOS and count as broken for
movement.
 20
* Hills block LOS, but are considered open for
movement.
Scenario Length
The battle starts at 8 a.m. and lasts until 1 p.m. That
makes 10 Fire and Fury game turns or 15 JR turns.
Reinforcements (game turn 2)
CSA - McCray's brigade in march column and
General Churchill enter on the Richmond pike on the
table's west side.
USA - Remainder of Crufts' brigade in march column
enters on the Richmond pike on the table's east side.
Order of Battle
Confederate Army of Kentucky (Maj. Gen. E. Kirby
Smith, avg., +2)
Third Division (Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Churchill, avg.,
+1)
First Brigade (Col. T. H. McCray, avg., +1)
31st Arkansas – 5/4/3 (300 men), obsolete rifles, vet
10th Texas Cavalry (dismounted) – 5/4/3 (300 men)
obsolete rifles, vet
11th Texas Cavalry (dismounted) – 5/4/3 (300 men)
obsolete rifles, vet
14th Texas Cavalry (dismounted) – 5/4/3 (300 men)
obsolete rifles, vet
32nd Texas Cavalry (dismounted) – 5/4/3 (300 men)
obsolete rifles, vet
Humphreys’ Arkansas Battery – 2x 6# SB, veteran (1
section)
Fourth Division (Brig. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne,
exc., +2)
First Brigade (Col. Preston Smith, avg., +1)
12th Tennessee – 5/4/3 (300 men), 2nd rate rifles, vet
13th Tennessee – 6/5/3 (360 men), 2nd rate rifles, vet
47th Tennessee – 6/5/3 (360 men), 2nd rate rifles, vet
154th Tennessee – 6/5/2 (360 men), 2nd rate rifles,
elite
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Martin’s Florida Battery – 4x 6# SB, veteran (2
sections)
Second Brigade (Col. Benjamin J. Hill, avg., +1)
13th & 15th Arkansas – 7/5/3 (420 men), obsolete
rifles, vet
2nd Tennessee – 5/3/2 (300 men), obsolete rifles, vet
35th Tennessee – 5/3/2 (300 men), obsolete rifles, vet
48th Tennessee – 5/4/3 (300 men), RM, vet
Edmonson’s Tennessee Sharpshooters – 2/-/- (120
men), 1st rate rifles, elite
Douglas’s Texas Battery – 2x 6# SB, 2x 12#
Howitzers, veteran (2 separate sections)
*************************
Union Army of Kentucky (Maj. Gen. William “Bull”
Nelson, not present during the fighting)
First Brigade (Brig. Gen. Mahlon D. Manson, avg.,
+1)
16th Indiana – 10/8/5 (600 men), 1st rate rifles, green
55th Indiana – 8/7/5 (480 men), 1st rate rifles, green
69th Indiana – 12/10/7 (720 men), 1st rate rifles, green
71st Indiana – 13/11/8 (780 men), 1st rate rifles, green
Lanphere’s Provisional Battery – 4x 3” rifles, green
(2 sections)
Second Brigade (Brig. Gen. Charles Cruft, avg., +1)
Arrives from the east on game turn 2.
12th Indiana – 13/10/7 (780 men), 1st rate rifles, green
66th Indiana – 10/8/6 (600 men), 1st rate rifles, green
18th Kentucky - 10/8/5 (600 men), 1st rate rifles, green
95th Ohio - 14/13/9 (840 men), 1st rate rifles, green
Andrews’ Battery F, 1st Michigan Art. – 2x 3” rifles,
2x 6# SB, green (2 sections)
Metcalfe’s Cavalry Brigade (Col. Leonidas K.
Metcalfe, avg., +1)
6th Kentucky - 4/3/2 (160 men), breechloaders, green
7th Kentucky - 8/7/5 (280 men), breechloaders, green
Editor's Note: Please visit the Battle of Richmond
Association (BORA)'s official website at
http://www.battleofrichmond.org/ to learn more
about the battle, preservation efforts to save parts of
the battlefield, and to view photos and maps of key
sites. This battle was the second largest fought in
Kentucky (behind Perryville, which was covered by a
scenario in Issue #2 of CHARGE!). Battlefield
visitors may also wish to visit http://www.richmond-
ky.com/ to help plan your trip. Drive carefully!
 21

Union General Mahlon Dickerson

Manson (1820 - 1895) was born in
Fletcher, Ohio. As a young man, he
taught school in Montgomery County,
Indiana, then studied medicine in
Cincinnati and gave medical lectures
in New Orleans. During the Mexican
War, he served with the Fifth Indiana
Volunteers as a captain. He returned to
Crawfordsville after the war and
became a druggist and member of the
Indiana Legislature. At the outset of
the Civil War, he was elected a captain
in the 10th Indiana. He was promoted
to brigadier general based on his
actions at the Battle of Mill Springs.
Manson was wounded and captured
October 30, 1862, at the Battle of
Richmond after his horse took a bullet
to the head and rolled on top of him.
Exchanged two months later, he
fought John Hunt Morgan during his
raid into Indiana and Ohio. Manson
assumed command of XXIII Corps
during the Knoxville Campaign.
Returning to brigade command during
the Atlanta Campaign, he was
seriously wounded by an exploding
shell at Resaca, ending his active
military career. He later served in
Congress and as Lt. Gov. of Indiana.

Photo courtesy of Doug Kline

JR3 GAMING TOURNAMENT COMING!

Norris Darrall is coordinating a large JR3 national tournament on May 19-21, 2006.
Watch the Yahoo Group for jriii for more details and the exact location! Prizes will be
awarded! Co-sponsored by the JRGS and the Johnny Reb Gaming Company (D. Kline).
Did you know? Elon Farnsworth was the first West Point graduate wounded in the Civil War (Big
Bethel, June 1861). He later commanded a cavalry brigade, and died at Gettysburg.

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 22
Ask John Hill!
CHARGES
1) Can terrain features change the "point of
disorder" during a charge?
Indirectly, it already does. As the rolled charge
bonus is a function of the terrain (for example --
only one die if charging into rough) the total charge
distance is reduced and hence the point of disorder
comes quicker, as it is defined as the midpoint of
the total charge. However, some players also like
to require a "tactical competence roll" at the point
where the charge enters a "rougher" type of terrain
-- such as going from open to broken. And then he
point of disorder becomes either at the point of
where the terrain became tougher, or at he
midpoint of the total charge -- whichever comes
first.
2) Can you make a Tactical
Competency Roll in order to avoid
"charge bonus"?
Obviously, there are times when a
player would wish to cut short his
charge, and the generally accepted
mechanic -- rather than not taking the charge
bonus -- is that a player may attempt to stop his
charge at any clearly defined terrain element --
such as a fence or a wood line -- by passing a
tactical competence roll. However, the charge still
ends in disorder.
3) If you "impact" before your "point of
disorder" (the distance from the start of the
charge to the target unit is close) and then
move forward to the limit of your charge
distance (plus "charge bonus") - are you still
"in order" until you hit the "point of disorder"?
The "dice down for impact" does not mean that
impact actually occurred, as -- historically -- one
side or the other fell back, or even broke and ran
before bayonets were actually crossed. Hence, I
would argue that the charging unit can stay in
order, until it actually reaches the "point of
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
disorder...or per question one, falls into
disorder upon entering rougher terrain.
4) In resolving Impact: Defender wins and
Attacker falls back in disorder, (pp. 49) -
the Attacker falls back in disorder and
faces the defender?
Yes, a unit will always attempt to face the
enemy unless it is routed.
5) Can you charge in any formation other
than Skirmish? (Even March Column?)
Yes, you may charge from any non-skirmish
formation -- however, I would contend that a
charge from March Column would almost
instantly go into disorder, as it is not a normal
battle formation.
6) Is Blind Fire allowed against a unit that
cannot be seen - even if over the
crest of a hill?
No, a unit has to have been seen, at
least once -- at some time in the
scenario -- before it can be fired
upon.
7) Where entering units have their
designated entry point (say a road) within
artillery range but not directly visible -
those units could be fired on with artillery
(one die but plus 6 DRM or more (in
column and full flank, officers, First Fire))
even though they may not be directly
visible
A problem with any published scenarios is
that -- for the most part -- folks know when
and where an enemy unit will be entering the
game and that it often enters in a vulnerable
march column -- so even a blind fire shot may
get lucky. Hence, for scenarios where this
could be an issue, I often impose one, or both
"house rules" as follows: A.) A unit may
delay its arrival by one turn, but then come in
on the following turn in he same place, but in
any formation -- which simulates the unit
getting out of march column and deploying
before entering the battle area.
 23
B.) Do not allow a unit to be fired on the turn it
actually enters the game board, as the "waiting"
enemy artillery unit would not know the new unit
was there until it really had entered the battle
area. Either or both of these rules will avoid
much of the problem with predetermined entry
points/time/formations in just about any scenario.
8) Can you charge an unseen and unspotted
unit (say one over 1 inch in the woods)?
In most cases, no. However, an exception could
be made if other units had been seen in the same
woods, or if fire had come out of the woods. In
those instances, since the woods had
demonstrated a degree of hostile presence, a
charge could be ordered against units assumed
to be in the woods.
BONUS MOVEMENT
1) A unit uses Bonus Movement to "push" his
units and then gets routed. Page 5 states that
a unit gets only one bonus movement per turn
and includes rout movement in the
description of Bonus Movement - what
happens when the unit is routed after being
"pushed"? Is there a difference between
"voluntary" and involuntary" Bonus
Movement?
The distinction between "voluntary" and
"involuntary" is a useful concept; because, if a
unit is routed -- it does take the full rout "run
away" bonus even it had already taken some
bonus movement. Hence, the rule could be
interpreted as "only one voluntary bonus
movement" per turn, and if a unit has an
involuntary bonus forced on it, it would not be
allowed to take a voluntary bonus move that turn.
OFFICER MOVEMENT
1) Mounted Officers cannot keep up with
their mounted cavalry command. The
movement rates for mounted officers are
lower than that for mounted cavalry. Should
this apply ONLY to unattached leaders (thus
allowing cavalry leaders to "keep up" with
the troops in their command)?
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
The officer movement is designed to reflect an
officer and his staff -- if any -- that is moving by
itself. However, if that officer figure is attached
to a unit for the whole turn, it most certainly
could keep up with that unit. The somewhat
"stingy" officer movement was to prevent
gamers running the figures around helter-
skelter simply to get the officer DRM benefit on
the battle of choice that turn.
Low Cost Model Roads
By Scott Mingus
Perhaps the classic method of making low cost
roads for your gaming table is to use simple strips
of tan masking tape laid out over your terrain base.
These can be somewhat improved by coloring in
ruts using a dull magic marker or Sharpie, adding
a little more variety to the gaming table. Another
time-honored method is to cut strips of brown or
tan felt, cloth, or paper for roads.
I cut 1" wide strips of flexible plastic or scrap
rubber that I then paint with Wal-Mart medium
brown paint. I then sprinkle on a blend of spices
and fine Woodland Scenics tan turf, allowing
everything to dry overnight. I finish the roads with
a dull Sharpie to make ruts, then overspray or
overpaint the road section with a dilute varnish
made of 1 part Elmer's glue and 10 parts water,
allowing it again to dry. This seals on the flocking
and kills any remaining odor from the spice. See
my website at www.geocities.com/scottmingus for
photos of these portable roads in action.
One of the best ideas that I have encountered for
realistic looking roads is perhaps the simplest of
all. Doug Kline of Battlefield Terrain Concepts
sprinkles tan fine turf on the terrain board where
the roads are supposed to be. He spreads this to a
uniform width and depth. With surrounding rock
walls, fences, bushes, etc., this can be very
effective. When the game is over, the roads are
vacuumed up, and the turf can be reused over and
over to simulate roads on other battlefields. See
Undying Courage for photos of this technique
used on Curt Daniels' gaming table (his very nice
South Mountain layout). Send JRGS your ideas!
 24
It’s All About Leadership!
By Robert Sweeney
With the intention of adding “flavor” to your game,
I present the following variants on Command and
Control for possible use in your next game.
Note that the terms Leader and Commander are
used interchangeably. Also, units are defined as
Cavalry Battalions, Infantry Regiments and any other
subordinate unit that is required to trace C&C in order
to perform most game actions.
Command and Control
Command is the authority and ability to co-ordinate
the movement and actions of subordinate units on the
battlefield. Command does not affect die rolls but
does affect the ability to give orders.
Control is the means by which a specific unit(s) is
affected by the Commander’s presence. In game
terms, Control allows DRMs and affects die rolls.
Leader Leader Command Control
Value Position Radius Range
0 Brigade 6 inches 1 inch
1 Brigade 12 inches 1 inch
2 Division 12 inches 2 inches
3 Corps 18 inches 3 inches
4 Army 24 inches 4 inches
Leader Value (LV): Leader Value can be
changed (see below) based on a number of criteria to
include wounds and exceptional (and poor) ability.
Leader Position: This is the Leadership Position
typically held by a Leader of the indicated LV.
Command Radius: This is the distance from a
Commander to any stand of his command regardless
of the terrain between the two. Command Radius can
be extended using “contiguous units” as per the JRIII
rulebook. Command may be drawn from any Leader
in the direct Chain of Command.
Exceptional and Poor Leaders: Historically, not
all Leaders were alike. Some, like Nathanial Lyons
and Stonewall Jackson had demonstrated superior
abilities while still others (like Halleck) were poor
commanders at best. Where designated, simply
elevate or decrease the LV level of the individual by
one to show ability above and below the norm. Two
examples; #1) BG Sweeney (great guy) leads a
Brigade – normally a LV 1, his superior abilities rate
him a LV 2 – though his position remains Brigade
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
First, C&C can be derived only by Leaders in the
direct Chain of Command. For example, the
Brigade Leader of the 2nd BDE, 2nd Div cannot give
C&C to a Regiment of the 1st BDE, 2nd Div., but the
2nd BDE Commander and the 2nd Division
Commander can do so.
Second, C&C cannot be drawn through or within
1” of an opposing Battery, Battalion or Regiment. It
can be drawn “around” them.
Third, note that the terms Brigade Commander,
Division Commander, etc. are being used instead of
ranks. The position the Leader holds is “worth
more” than the rank to which he is entitled.
Fourth, C&C is determined in the Mark Orders
phase. A unit is either “in C&C” or “out of C&C”
for the entire turn.
No. of Morale Tactical Firing Impact
Regiments Benefit Benefit Benefit Benefit
1 -1 0 0 +1
2 -1 +1 +1 +1
3 -2 +1 +1 +1
4 -3 +1 +1 +2
6 -3 +1 +2 +3
Leader. #2) MG Simpleton leads a Corps – normally
a LV 3, his inferior abilities rate him a LV 2 – an
Inferior Corps Leader rates the same as a Superior
Brigade Leader!
No leader can raise his LV level during a scenario
– even if promoted (though it can drop).
Leader Promotion: If a Division, Corps or Army
Leader becomes a casualty – promotion is from
within the chain of command. Fallen Army Leaders
get replaced by Corps Leaders, fallen Corps Leaders
by Division Leaders and fallen Division Leaders by
Brigade Leaders. Promotion occurs in the following
order of precedence; RANK if the rank of the various
Leaders is known, promote the highest ranking
eligible Leader first (if a tie, check LV level, then roll
for choice); LEADER VALUE if rank is not given,
promote the highest LV level next (if a tie, roll for
choice); finally, ROLL randomly for choice. Note
that the higher the Leaders position, the more
disruptive the loss to the Chain of Command
becomes. Once a Brigade Leader position is vacated,
 25
then roll for possible replacement per the JRIII rule
book.
IMPORTANT NOTE: If a Superior Brigade
Leader is promoted, his replacement is a LV 0. No
Division, Corps or Army Commander can be a LV 0
– if Leader casualties are that high, the unit must
withdraw from the battle field.
Leader Wounds: Reduce the LV of a wounded
Leader by one upon his return. If wounded again, no
further effect accrues.
Control Range: In order for any Leader to affect
a unit’s performance, that Leader must be within the
distance listed for Control Range from any stand of
the unit.
Number of Regiments: This is the maximum
number of units that the Leader can directly influence
during a turn.
If within Control Range and the Number of
Regiments restrictions, a Leader can affect any
number of game actions for the eligible and indicated
subordinate unit’s. These include Morale, Tactical
Competency, Fire Combat, Impact Benefit and any
other game action requiring the presence or aid of a
Leader (such as assisting in building hasty works,
“Lead the Charge”, allow Shaken units to remain in
place and allow Routed units to reform with a
successful recovery roll) and any combination of
those actions.
Note: Leaders often are in a Leadership Position
over more than this number allows – those remaining
units are in Command but cannot be Controlled (and
their die rolls modified) by the Leader.
Self Command: Units “out of C&C” may try to
Self Command (and restore C&C) with the following
procedure;
A) Give the unit an order as if it were in
command and declare that the unit will
attempt to “Self Command”.
B) Perform a Tactical Competence Roll. If
successful, the unit may perform the order
previously given and is considered “in
C&C” for the entire turn. If it fails, the unit
is “out of C&C”, falls into DISORDER, and
has its order changed to CONDITIONAL
HOLD (with all the effects that these
conditions cumulatively cause).
Note that these units may not benefit from a Leader
for the remainder of the turn.
Random Leader Quality: Roll separately for
every Brigade, Division, Corps or Army Leader –
adjusting their LV “up” if EXCeptional is rolled and
“down” if POOR is rolled.

2D6 Union CSA

Die Roll 1861 1862 1863+ 1861-1862 1863+
2 EXC POOR EXC EXC POOR
3 AVG EXC POOR AVG EXC
4 AVG POOR AVG POOR POOR
5 POOR AVG AVG AVG AVG
6 AVG AVG AVG AVG AVG
7 AVG AVG EXC EXC AVG
8 AVG AVG AVG AVG AVG
9 POOR EXC AVG AVG EXC
10 AVG POOR EXC AVG POOR
11 EXC AVG POOR EXC AVG
12 POOR EXC AVG POOR EXC

JR3 strategy tip - an often useful tactic, but rarely seen at convention games, is to deploy
single stand of regimental skirmishers in front of your defensive line at key points. This
can help slow up an oncoming attacker, perhaps enticing him to use his opening volley.

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 26
A Guide to Painting Horses
By Scott Mingus
Horses played a vital role in the Civil War,
providing mobility for mounted troops, officers and
scouts; hauling wagons, artillery pieces, pontoons, etc.,
and in rare instances, a source of emergency food. It has
been estimated that well over one million horses died
during the war from combat wounds, disease, or
exhaustion (with the latter the primary source of the
demise of horseflesh). In general, the Northern states
and/or Federal government provided horses for their
armies, whereas in much of the Southern forces, the
individual cavalryman or artilleryman had to procure
his own mount and any required replacements.
Rebel general N. B. Forrest reportedly had 30
horses shot from under him. During the Gettysburg
Campaign, J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry stole or bought with
CSA script over 1,000 horses during their 2 days in
York County alone, according to damage claims filed
later with the government by area residents and farmers.
These farm horses and civilian carriage horses proved
unreliable as cavalry mounts, and many Rebels reported
problems with newly acquired horses during the
fighting at Hunterstown and East Cavalry Field.
Artilleryman Robert Stiles of Early's Division
later wrote, " After all, we gained very little by our
horse stealing. The impressed animals were, for the
most part, great, clumsy, flabby Percherons or
Conestogas, which required more than twice the feed
our compact, hard-muscled little Virginia horses
required, and yet could not do half the work they did,
nor stand half the hardship and exposure. It was
pitiable, later, to, see these great brutes suffer when,
compelled to dash off at full gallop with a gun, after
pasturing on dry broom sedge and eating a quarter of a
feed of weevil-eaten corn. They seemed to pine for the
slow draft and full feed of their Pennsylvania homes." *
Hundreds of such pilfered animals dotted Lee's force.
During the same campaign, York Countians
also reported several incidents of horses taken by
Federal forces (particularly Gregg's cavalry division).
PAINTI NG MINIATURE HORSES
Gamers that prefer smaller scales (2mm, 6mm,
10mm) usually have little trouble with painting horses.
The "2-foot" rule comes into play (and even with many
15mm paint jobs) - detail the model enough so that it
looks realistic to an observer 2 feet away from the
gaming table. However, for 20mm and up (and for
nicely painted 15mm), detailing the miniature horse can
add realism and variety to your army.
Tom Ange provided a brief guide to painting
horses in the Winter 1991 issue of The Zouave. Here
are some of his guidelines:
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
COAT COLOR
There are four basic skin (coat) colors: black, brown,
bay, and chestnut. Genetic alterations include white,
gray, cream, dun, roan, and pied.
* BLACK: body, head, limbs, mane, tail are all black.
* BROWN: body is brown, mane, tail, lower legs are
black.
* BAY: body may vary from yellowish to red to light
brown. Mane, tail, lower legs are black.
* CHESTNUT: body varies from light golden red to
dark chocolate. Legs, manes, tails may be a shade
lighter than the body, but they are never black.
* WHITE: Foals are born white (often with blue eyes).
Most whites are grays that turn whiter as they age.
Mane, tail, legs, etc. are also white.
* GRAY: Body color at birth is actually one of the four
primary skin tones, becoming gray with age much as
humans do.
* ROAN: Foals are born with a roan color. As the
horses age, white hairs will appear, giving four basic
shades (black road, brown roan, bay / red roan, and
chestnut / strawberry roan).
* DUN: Body ranges from light yellow to dark brown.
Mane and tail are dark. Duns have a "stripe" down their
backs, and may have transverse stripes on knees and
hocks.
* CREAM: body, mane and tail are cream. Palominos
range from light to dark "gold" with lighter manes and
tails.
LEG MARKI NGS
* CORONET : white strip of hair just about the hoof.
* PASTERN: white hair from top of hoof to just below
the fetlock joint.
* CANNON: white hair extending from hoof to top of
the fetlock (also known as a "sock").
* KNEE or HOCK: white hair from hoof up to the knee
or hock.
FACE MARKI NGS
* STAR: solid white marking on the forehead of
varying shapes and sizes.
* STRIPE: narrow band of white running down the face
from the eyes to the nostrils. May be joined to a star or
separate.
* SNIP: white mark on the upper and/or lower lips.
* BLAZE: solid white mark from the star to the snip,
covering the full width of the nasal bones.
* BALD or WHITE FACE: much broader extension of
the blaze, usually involving both eyes.
Additionally, there are other natural distinguishing
marks, which may appear as whorls, flecks, black spots,
and stripes. The warhorse may have also accumulated
unnatural markings such as scars, brands, blemishes, etc
* Stiles, Robert, Four Years Under Marse Robert, New
York / Washington: Neale Publishing; pg. 199-200.