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Issue 23 The Official Newsletter of the Johnny Reb Gaming Society $5.00

Figures and photo by Andrew MacDonald-Rice

Indians on the warpath at First Newtonia and

Honey Springs
Battle of Averasboro
Making Flexible Forests
Hidden Movement Ideas
And much more!

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 1
Welcome to “CHARGE!”
This is the official newsletter of the Johnny Reb
Gaming Society, an international association of
miniature wargamers who use regimental-level
rules such as the Johnny Reb gaming rules
developed by John Hill. The newsletter will
provide a quarterly forum for exchanging
information regarding the rules, original
wargaming scenarios written with JR in mind, and
historical articles of general interest to the
regimental ACW gamer.
US membership in the society is $20 per year,
which will partially cover the cost of assembling,
printing, and mailing the newsletter. Dues are
payable via money order or personal check, which
must be made out to Deborah Mingus (society
treasurer and secretary). Our mailing address and
e-mail address are as follows:
The Johnny Reb Gaming Society
1383 Sterling Drive
York PA 17404
jrgsnl@comcast.net
We welcome your submissions of articles,
scenarios, advertising, and related information, as
well as letters to the editor. The copyrighted name
Johnny Reb is used by written permission of John
Hill.
Table of Contents
Honey Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
The Battle of Averasboro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
How to Make Flexible Tree Stands.. . . . . . . . . .15
The First Battle of Newtonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Hidden Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Gettysburg Glimpses is Now in Print . . . . . . . . 29
The Budget Gamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Coming attractions in CHARGE 24
A trip to the Kenosha Civil War Museum
A Glimpse at Support Vehicles
Scenarios! Product revie ws and more!
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
From the Editor’s Desk
I have been gratified by the strong response to
my three new books that have been published so far in
2009. Brothers Divided: Skirmishes in the Gettysburg
Campaign is the fourth wargaming scenario book in
the series of collaborative efforts with my good friend
Ivor Janci. Unlike the previous three books, this one is
designed for skirmish or company-level game systems
such as Brother Against Brother. A second volume is
in the works. Volume 1 is now on sale at leading
wargaming retailers, as well as from Marek/Janci
Design. It debuted at Little Wars and Cold Wars.
On the non-gaming side, Gettysburg Glimpses:
True Stories from the Battlefield has proven to be a
very popular sequel to my two-volume Human Interest
Stories of the Gettysburg Campaign. It contains more
than 200 fresh stories from the Gettysburg Campaign,
the vast majority of which have not been in print for
more than one hundred years. Flames beyond
Gettysburg: The Gordon Expedition is my long-
delayed treatise about the two weeks before the Battle
of Gettysburg, and explains how the strategy of Day 1
at Gettysburg was directly influenced by events that
occurred a week earlier when Jubal Early’s division
rolled through the area.
On the wargaming front, in this issue of
CHARGE! Debi and I present a series of original
scenarios from the Civil War. Two are from the Trans-
Mississippi Theater and both involve Indian troops
(readers may recall Larry Reber’s articles on Native
American Cavalry and on Stand Watie in past issues). I
present my scenario for the Battle of Honey Springs,
and Jerry Stefek is back with a scenario on the much
earlier First Battle of Newtonia. Larry Reber also gives
us some ideas on the game mechanics of using hidden
movement. Ohio gamemaster and rules author Jim
Kopchak brings us another scenario for his Civil War
Commander rules, but a careful reading of the scenario
indicates it can easily be converted to Johnny Reb 3. It
covers a seldom gamed battle during the end of the
Carolinas Campaign. Gettysburg-based John Mayer
of Round Top Miniatures gives us some great tips on
how to produce flexible forests for your gaming table.
As always, I encourage readers to submit
painting guides, terrain tips, gaming strategy
discussions, regimental-level scenarios, product
reviews, etc. to help fill the pages each quarter with
quality material for the gaming community. Even if
you are not a writer, send in the material anyway; we
are happy to assist with editing and fleshing out
articles!
 2
HONEY SPRINGS
Sunday, July 17, 1863
Indian Territory
By Scott Mingus
"The First Kansas (colored) particularly distinguished
itself; they fought like veterans, and preserved their line
unbroken throughout the engagement. Their coolness and
bravery I have never seen surpassed."
– Maj. Gen. James G. Blunt, USA
View of the battlefield. Courtesy of NPS.
BACKGROUND
At the start of the Civil War, for cultural and
economic reasons, all of the Five Civilized Tribes in
Indian Territory opted to side with the Confederate
States of America. They raised native troops under
the leadership of Brig. Gen. Douglas H. Cooper and
drove out pro-Union Creek Indian forces after a short
campaign culminating in the Battle of Chustenahlah.
By early 1863, however, Confederate
fortunes in the region had sunk low. A campaign
launched from Kansas led by Union Maj. Gen. James
G. Blunt had driven the Confederacy from the north
of the region, and many of the Cherokees switched
sides to support the Federal government. Confident in
their numerical superiority, the Rebels plotted a
counteroffensive against Union forces at Fort Gibson,
to be launched by Cooper's Indians and some
attached Texan troops, and the soldiers of Brig. Gen.
William Cabell's CSA brigade, camped in Fort Smith,
Arkansas.
Cooper moved his army forward to Honey
Springs, Indian Territory, an important Confederate
supply depot, to rest and equip, while awaiting
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Cabell’s brigade, which was marching to link up with
Cooper. Cooper sent Indian leader Stand Watie with
some cavalry on a diversionary movement in the
direction of Webbers Falls. Union forces under
General Blunt got wind of Cooper’s plan and opted to
attack him first, before Cabell arrived, which would
have given the Confederates overwhelming
numerical superiority.
Blunt’s command included three Federal
Indian Home Guard Regiments recruited from all the
Five Nations and the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers,
with two white cavalry battalions (6th Kansas, 3rd
Wisconsin), one white infantry battalion consisting of
six companies of the 2nd Colorado Infantry, and two
Kansas artillery batteries.
Blunt’s attack began on July 17, with
desultory morning skirmishing that revealed many of
the Confederate soldiers had wet gunpowder, causing
numerous misfires and accidents. The main Union
attack began at mid-afternoon, and the beginning of a
rain squall intensified the Confederates’ ammunition
problems.
After repulsing the first Union attack, Cooper
pulled his men back towards the depot to obtain new
ammunition. However, the Federals continued to
press his army closely, driving them back farther and
gradually beginning to turn Cooper’s left, causing a
general Confederate retreat. Cooper attempted a
rearguard action to defend the bridge over Elk Creek,
but despite a notable half-hour stand by the Choctaw
and Chickasaw Regiment, most of the badly-
organized, disheartened, and, in many cases because
of their poor gunpowder, unarmed Indians and
Texans simply continued to flee.
Victorious Union forces took possession of
the Honey Springs depot, burning what couldn’t be
immediately used and occupying the field. Blunt
trumpeted the battle as a major victory, claiming
Union losses of only 76, with enemy casualties in
excess of 500, although Cooper reported only 181
Confederate casualties.
The battle was the largest ever fought in the
Indian Territory, and would indeed prove to be
decisive. Despite the efforts of notable Confederate
officers such as Stand Watie, Confederate forces in
the region would never regain the initiative or engage
the Union army in an open, head-on battle again,
instead relying almost entirely on guerrilla warfare
and small-scale cavalry actions to fight the Federal
Army. The loss of the supplies at the Honey Springs
depot would likewise prove disastrous. Confederate
forces, already operating on a shoe-string budget and
with bad equipment, would come to increasingly rely
on captured Union war material to keep up the fight.
 3
THE WARGAME
This scenario begins at 10:00 a.m. and ends
at 2:00 p.m. The table is 4’x5’ for Johnny Reb 3;
adjust as needed for other rules or scales.
DEPLOYMENT
CSA – Deployed as shown on the map. All
cavalry begins dismounted. Fully a quarter of
Cooper’s force did not have serviceable arms, mostly
because of poor powder imported from Mexico. As a
result, all CSA fire suffers a -1 fire penalty. Cabell’s
3,000 men are en route as reinforcements, but they
did not arrive in time and Cooper withdrew eastward
to join them.
USA – Deployed as shown on the map. All
cavalry begins dismounted. No reinforcements are
available. The 1st Kansas (Colored) was led by a
staunch abolitionist, Col. James M. Williams, who
told his men the Rebels would give them no quarter if
captured. Many were former slaves or first generation
free men. As a result, they get a +1 bonus when
charging or in melee.
The cavalry for both sides may mount at any
time, except McIntosh’s and Downing’s brigades,
which remained dismounted throughout the battle.
TERRAIN
The terrain is mostly open prairie and gently
rolling. However, because of the rain, off-road
movement is taken at the BROKEN rate. Woods are
light density and filled with underbrush.
GOALS
CSA – Hold the bridge across Elk Creek for as long
as possible.
USA – Seize the bridge and drive off the Rebels.
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
Caption: The war in Kansas, the Battle of Honey
Springs, July 17--Defeat of the rebels under General
Cooper by the U.S. Troops under Major-General
James G. Blunt. From a sketch by James R. O'Neill.
ORDER OF BATTLE
Union
District of the Frontier – Maj. Gen. James G. Blunt
+2 (~3,000 men)
1st Brigade – Col. William R. Judson +1
3rd Battalion, 3rd Wisconsin Cav. – 360 men, 12
figures, BLC, elite
2nd Indian Home Guard – 480 men, 16 figures,
RM, veteran
1 Kansas (Colored) Infantry – 480 men, 16
figures, RM, veteran
2nd Kansas Battery (Smith) – 1 sec. 12#
Napoleon; 1 section 6# iron rifles, Vet
Detached section – 1 section 12# Mountain
Howitzers, Vet
2nd Brigade– Col. William A. Phillips +1
2nd Colorado Infantry – 480 men, 16 figures,
RM, veteran
1st Indian Home Guard – 480 men, 16 figures,
RM, veteran
6th Kansas Cav. – 480 men, 16 figures, BLC,
veteran
3rd Kansas Battery (Hopkins) – 2 sections 12#
Napoleon, Vet
Detached section – 1 sec. 12# Mountain
Howitzers, Vet
Confederate
Cooper’s force – Brig. Gen. Douglas H. Cooper +2
(~5,700 men)
 4
Bass’s Brigade – Col. Thomas C. Bass +1
5th TX Partisan Rangers – 480 men, 16 figures,
RM, veteran
Gillett’s & Scanland’s detachments, Texas
Cavalry – 600 men, 20 figures, shotguns, veteran
20th TX Cav. – 300 men, 10 figures, RM, veteran
29th TX Cav. – 600 men, 20 figures, shotguns,
veteran
Lee’s Battery, Texas Artillery – 2 sections
Mountain Howitzers, veteran
(Among Lee’s guns was an experimental 2.25”
Mountain Rifle, one of only twenty produced by the
Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, Virginia)
* Explore Southern History: Honey Springs website,
with photos and official reports
http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/honeyspring
s1.html
* Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, Series
I, Volume 22, Part One, pp. 437-49 and 457-61.
* Inspired by an on-line 10mm scenario from GHQ,
maker of the Rebellion™ line of ACW wargaming
figures.

McIntosh’s Brigade – Col. Daniel N. McIntosh +1

1st Creek Mounted Infantry – 600 men, 20
figures, RM, green
2nd Creek Mounted Infantry– 600 men, 20
figures, RM, green

Stand Watie’s Brigade – Lt. Col. Lewis Downing

(+1)
1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles – 600 men, 20
figures, RM, green
5th Cherokee Mounted Rifles – 600 men, 20
figures, RM, green

Another Confederate force, the 1st Choctaw and

Chickasaw Regiment, had mistakenly moved away
from the main force and was not available for the
initial fight. It did attack Blunt during the withdrawal
(off-map to the south).

Key:
V = Veteran SB = smoothbore muskets RM =
Rifled muskets BLC = breechloading carbines

Regimental strengths are estimated from the Official

Records and regimental histories.

REFERENCES
I feel confident we could have made good the defense of the
* The Battle of Honey Springs: The Civil War Comes position at Elk Creek but for the worthlessness of our
ammunition....
to the Indian Territory, a National Park Service
Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan. Brig. Gen. Douglas H. Cooper to Brig. Gen. William Steel e,
Commanding Department of Indian Territory.
http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lesson
s/68honey/68

* Honey Springs Battlefield Association

http://www.honeysprings.org/content/history/index.ht
ml

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 5

BLUNT
2 KAN
2 COL
N 3 WIS 2 IHG 1 KAN 1 IHG
6 KAN section
section 3 KAN
HOPKINS

TEXAS
ROAD
LEE

20 TX
G&S 2 CRK 1 CRK
29 TX
Elk Creek

5 TEX 5 CHER 1 CHER

COOPER

Anderson Creek

Jerry Stefek’s Camp Wildcat JR3 Wargame Played at Little Wars 2009

(Photos by Scot Gore)

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 6
THE BATTLE OF
AVERASBORO
March 16, 1865
North Carolina
A Scenario for Civil War Commander
By Jim Kopchak
Preface:
I have included a brief summary of the Civil
War Commander sequence for those readers who
may not have these rules to give some idea how the
system is played. This way you may decide if the
rules system seems accommodating. The
Averasboro scenario is designed to use some of the
unique concepts in these rules. However, the
scenario is adaptable to other rules used for ACW,
including Johnny Reb 3 and Regimental Fire &
Fury. (For Fire & Fury, Fresh brigades equal the
number of bases starting. Spent brigades equal the
S#. Worn are values between as you decide. For
Johnny Reb, the strength of regiments in the OB are
rounded up or down, or combined to the nearest
hundred men.)
In CWC all ranges and movements can be
pre-measured once within 18‖ of the enemy to
avoid discrepancies. Units are moved/adjusted to
within whole number inches measured from a
unit’s center-front edge. This scenario was tested
using the 3-hit rule used in CWC. This means every
regiment removes one base when it has been hit
three times (I use individual casualty figures to
mark hits, and on the third hit I remove a base).
For a faster game, use the 2-hit rule; remove
one base on the second hit—see rules). For
artillery, each battery in 3-hit games will remove
one figure on its second hit because more figures
represent guns (1 crew figure = 2 guns) For a 2-hit
game, 1 crew figure usually represents 3 guns.
Artillery must combine into batteries of six guns
for 2-hit games).
The number of figures on an infantry base
does not matter in CWC because each base rolls
1d10 to fire. However, individual artillery figures
do count, and each one rolls 1d10. In melee, 1 INF
base or ART figure rolls two dice if not previously
hit, and one die if hit (the base width does not
matter; mine are 1‖). Mounted troops roll one die to
fire or melee.
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
The Averasboro scenario is 9-12 game turns. It
starts @ 9 AM and ends @ 12-1PM (20
minutes/game turn)
Summary of Civil War Commander:
Phases are color-coded (as below) for quick
reference on laminated cards included with the
rules.
1. Motivation/Initiative Phase is in blue
2. Moving Phase is in green
3. Firing is in black.
Morale Checks are in red and occur in different
Phases
1. MOTIVATE & INITIATE PHASE (in this
scenario Attackers move first):
Detach Leaders & attach Superior Officers
(SO’s) to CO’s; helps Motivate—see rules
Roll 1d10 per player & compare Modified
CO#(s) to die roll—see rules for modifiers
Pass if roll is at or less than CO#; Brigade(s)
advances full move.
Fail if roll is greater than CO#: Brigade(s)
advance ½ move (cannot re-order).
(If the die roll fails to motivate, SO’s or CO’s may
each attach to a unit and try to motivate the
individual unit by passing its morale. If it fails, it
remains unmotivated)
Determine Initiative i.e. which brigades
move first (not required in this scenario).
2. MOVEMENT PHASE:
A. Attacker follows the sequence below (or if
brigade(s) move first—see rules for other
scenarios).
EVADE: Move back 12‖in disorder with
backs to the foe (enemy may React Fire at next
range in LOS)
CHARGE: Charge if unit starts 3‖ from an
enemy unit—see rules for procedure
*MOVE leaders & units (enemy may React
Move or **React Fire as you move—see rules)
B. Defender follows same sequence (or if
brigade(s) moves second—see rules for other
scenarios).
EVADE: Move back 12‖ in disorder with
backs to the foe (enemy may **React fire at next
range)
 7
CHARGE: Only if unit starts 3‖ from target
unit
*MOVE: Enemy may React Move (in place
because it moved) or React Fire as you move—see
rules)
*A unit that moved first may still Evade as a
Reaction Move. It moves back 6‖ for every 4‖ the
enemy moves.
** Check Morale if surprised by foe’s Reaction
Fire or if unit continues to move after fired upon—
see rules
3. FIRING PHASE: (Both sides fire
simultaneously in this phase)
Both sides fire units
Check Leader Hits if he is attached to a unit
or if he is Group of Leader (SO attached to CO)
CHECK MORALE if HIT, EVADED
THRU, OR MOVED THRU
Melee if bases are in contact in the first line;
add in 1 overlapping base on each side in the first
round). Melee is fought to completion in one turn
until there is a winner.
Strategic Situation:
Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman has
been advancing north from Savannah, Georgia,
since December 30, 1864, toward Columbia, South
Carolina, and now in March 1865 he is in North
Carolina. He is to join U.S. Grant by month’s end.
A desperate Robert E. Lee has convinced President
Jefferson Davis to bring Joe Johnston out of
retirement and concentrate an army near Raleigh to
defeat Sherman and stop the advance.
Remnants of J. B. Hood’s Franklin and
Nashville disasters totalling 5,000 men are moved
by rail (still intact in the Deep South) up to
Charlotte, North Carolina, to concentrate forces
ahead of Sherman. In early March, William
Hardee, protecting Charleston with 5,000 men,
moves north to Fayetteville, beating Sherman by
two days. Braxton Bragg is withdrawing with 5,000
men from eastern North Carolina, giving up the
Confederacy’s last port at Wilmington, as two
Union forces move against his.
The date is March 15, and General Johnston
needs one more day to determine where Sherman is
headed so he can concentrate forces for an attack
on March 19 (probably near Raleigh if Sherman
goes north or at Bentonville if he goes east to
Goldsboro).
Sherman is marching his army in two
separate forces, each 30,000 strong: a left wing and
right wing on two parallel roads about 3-4 miles
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
apart. Johnston has ordered Hardee’s Corps
consisting now of McLaws’ and Taliaferro’s
divisions (6,500 strong), to delay the left wing
(north wing) under Henry Slocum a full day while
the right wing under O.O. Howard moves out of
supporting distance (the average march is four to
six miles a day on muddy roads). Johnston wants to
delay the left wing long enough to concentrate his
15,000 men by March 19. He will then destroy that
wing before the right wing can help, stopping
Sherman’s advance.
Tactical Situation:
It is March 15, and Sherman’s left wing is
heading north. Hardee decides to engage him in a
2-mile-wide area between the Cape Fear River to
the west and the Black River to the east. The area is
mostly flat, but numerous swamps near the rivers
are impassable and the constant rain has turned the
low areas into quagmire of mud. A small town
named Averasboro is two miles to the north.
Hardee has decided to build three lines of
earthworks about 1,500 to 1,800 feet apart to make
sure the left wing is delayed a full day if not more.
By 3 PM, the defensive works are ready, and,
as the Union 9th Michigan Cavalry leads the way
northward on the Raleigh Road, it is hit with a
strong skirmish line on the left near John C.
Smith’s large house built to last 150 years. The
cavalry dig in and build its own earthworks as
skirmishers go to work for both sides. More of Maj.
Gen. H. Judson Kilpatrick’s men join the fight, but
no one wants lame horses at this stage of the war,
so they dismount and build earthworks parallel to
the enemy works, to the right.
Night arrives and Hawley’s infantry brigade
is making supper at 7:30 PM five miles south in the
graveyard of Bluff Church. But, supper would not
be eaten. Officers frantically get the men back on
the road for a night forced march in a thick mud
that sucked the brogans off of men’s feet. Hawley
arrives at midnight, and two regiments (2nd MA &
3rd WI) are somehow guided to the works.
Intense skirmishing starts at 6 AM on March
16. It goes on for three hours, as Taliaferro’s Rebel
division makes several probing attacks despite the
rain, but all are repulsed. In the meantime, the rest
of the Union XX Corps is arriving. The rain has
stopped, but is sure to return. Now it is 9 AM and
Sherman orders an attack to clear the road. He is in
a hurry, and wants this dirty work done quickly.
There has been no such fighting since leaving
Atlanta.
 8
In frustration Sherman yells; “CLEAR THIS
ROAD BY 1 PM. I told Grant I would be in
Virginia in two weeks! Hawley will ADVANCE!
Hurry up men before this confounded rain starts
up! Tell Colonel Case not to move his brigade till
he hears the cannon fire!”
Scenario & Special CWC Rules and Objectives:
If a gamemaster runs the game, there is no
need to inform the opposing sides of hidden units
or positions. If everyone knows the scenario, hide
units as best as possible since there are options as
to where units may be positioned. Units in woods,
as noted in the OB, should be written down and/or
concealed using markers under lichen. The Rebel
guns in the third works are fixed for this game.
Since there are many works, you may use
whatever or cut twigs or roll out some brownish
clay and form it. A third line of works is not needed
except where units have a clear line of fire to the
second line. Units may be placed at the edge of the
woods in which they React Fire anytime, but must
React Fire if an enemy is 6‖ away. Rebel units that
are triggered by events based on the OB do not
reveal movement until in enemy LOS (18‖ in open,
6‖in Lt. Woods, 3‖ Thick Woods—see CWC rules).
In CWC, hidden units face any direction
when revealed. Units firing through light woods
with a 6‖ Line of Sight, -1 hit# through every
3‖(1‖-3‖= -1, if more than 3‖= -2). If it fires
through thick woods with 3‖ LOS, then -1 per inch.
Charging or Charged do not minus for woods (all
woods in this game have brush at their edge about
25 feet deep (¼‖)). Units hidden in the brush are
seen at 6‖, but get no minus for cover.
It is almost Spring, but units still see into the
woods past the brush-line, starting at 6‖. So, a unit
3‖from the brush sees 3‖ into light or thick woods.
If 2‖or 1‖away, it sees 4‖ or 5‖ into light woods,
but only 3‖ maximum in thick woods. Units inside
woods see out 3‖-6‖past the brush in the same way.
The Yankees are attacking & they have the
initiative to move first every turn in this game.
(This applies even within 18‖of a foe for this
scenario. Attacker moves all his units first and then
the Defender moves).
EVADES happen before moves & may occur
if one side already moved as a reaction. Evading
units may stop behind works & if not firing, they
may crouch below the works, which meets the out-
of-line of sight rules for evading units.
Leaders do not advance past friendly units
(they are not scouts – they command).
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Hit#’s lower than 1: subtract 1 die from unit
fire if hit# is 0, and 2 dice if hit# is -1.
(3 bases: roll 2 dice to hit at 1. If hit# is -1, roll 1
die to hit at 1. If lower, a unit always rolls 1 die)
Defenders behind first earthworks are visible.
It costs 1‖ to move over works, +2 to Morale#, -2
to hit# if targeted, +1 in first round of Melee.
Defenders are in extended line behind works
(2‖between each base). If not, Attackers re-roll all
misses.
*Units can Melee over earthworks and the
defender receives a +1 melee modifier in the first
round, but not if there is a second round. Melee is
not higher because the charge cannot start higher.
Defenders behind the second line of
earthworks may crouch down out of enemy view,
but must fire when the foe reaches 6‖ as either
Reaction Fire (in Step 2) or normal fire (in Step 3).
The enemy is not surprised because it suspects
something is behind the works.
When the attacker moves to contact the works
and fires, it must use the -2 target modifier for
cover and -1 to the hit# for moving. On the next
turn if it does not Charge, it fires at the target at a -
1 modifier for cover (assume the firer moves up
closer than 100 feet last turn, so the target gets less
cover benefit this whole turn).
Units not contacting works receive no benefit.
Units on the opposite side in contact get no benefit,
but are not fired on if they do not move or fire (they
crouch down) and if no enemy is in contact on the
defensive side of the works.
Split-rail fences cost -1‖ to knock down & are
-1 Hit# to targets behind them if small arms unless
the firer is less than 1‖. Units advancing to fences
may be React Fired upon right beforehand, or a unit
may React Move or quick-time React Move to get
there first. (To quick-time move, check morale: If
pass, React Move 6‖all at one time as the foe
moves 4‖, but unit is disordered. If it fails, React
Move 3‖for the turn, but unit is not disordered.
Motivation does not affect reaction moves!
Union players set up first:
Before you set your brigades on the tabletop,
decide if you are following Sherman’s Order #1 or
#2 (see below for details). You have the freedom to
place units anywhere in the area up to and behind
the blue bars. Secretly write down an order number
(#1 or #2) on a piece of paper. DO NOT SHOW
THIS TO THE ENEMY. Keep this paper for
reference to determine who has won based on the
victory conditions contained in the order. Set up
 9
your brigades up to the bars and width listed on the
map.
After the initial set up is complete, to decide
if Sherman approved your plan, choose someone
(Overall Superior Officer (SO)) to roll 1d10. If the
result is 1-5, then Order #1 is followed; #2 is
followed on 6-0. If the die roll results in the order #
you picked, that order becomes your objective. If
the roll result does not match, the other order is
now what Sherman has decided upon.
OBJECTIVE ORDER #1
(Order #1 is followed on a d10 roll of 1-5)
TO: General Slocum – Left Wing Commander
March 16, 1865
FROM: Headquarters – CNC – General Sherman
9:00 AM
Joe Johnston is organizing an army to thwart our
movement north into Virginia. We must create a
diversionary movement as to whether we are
moving to Raleigh or to Goldsboro, North
Carolina, to confuse and get around him.
1. Advance units so by 1 PM a majority of
Unspent infantry units are north of the second
defensive line on the e astern side of the Raleigh
Road because Goldsboro is our objective.
2. Advance the other infantry units to the
second defensive line on the western side of the
Raleigh Road as a diversion and push over the
line with at least one unit to demonstrate a
certain seriousness about pushing to Raleigh. If
not, we have not succeeded in the diversion, and
now Hardee will move to stop our way to
Goldsboro.
OBJECTIVE ORDER #2
(Order #2 is followed on a d10 roll of 6-10)
TO: General Slocum – Left Wing Commander
March 16, 1865
FROM: Headquarters – CNC - General Sherman
9:00 am
Joe Johnston is organizing an army to thwart our
movement north into Virginia. We must create a
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
diversionary movement as to whether we are
moving to Raleigh or to Goldsboro, North
Carolina, to confuse and get around him.
1. Advance units so by 1 PM a majority of
Unspent infantry units are north of the second
defensive line west of the Raleigh Road to make
Johnston think we are headed for Raleigh. This
will force Hardee to move most units here.
2. Advance the other inf. units toward the second
defensive line on the east side of the Raleigh
Road and maintain a presence over the second
defensive line with at least one infantry unit. I
will direct the rest of the left wing here after 1 PM
and break the road open to Goldsboro once Hardee
has shifted his Corps West of the Raleigh Road.
Confederate players set up second:
Hide units in woods (if you so choose) as
indicated in the OB. Remember that in CWC, you
may Evade before the enemy moves, and if evading
behind the works and not firing back, you may not
be targeted if in the same range of the enemy as the
Evade starts. Otherwise Evading units may be fired
upon at the next range if still in LOS.
Rebel units that are triggered by events based
on the OB do not have to reveal movement until in
enemy LOS (18‖in open). Just secretly keep track
of movements (use a sketched map etc…)
Note that Hardy is a Brigade Commander
and Hardee is the Corps Commander (Overall
Commander) who will not advance past the third
defensive line unless replacing a CO. Hardy’s units
once placed in the woods do not advance, but may
move straight back to the third defensive line.
CONFEDERATE OBJECTIVE:
TO: General Hardee
(CSA Corps Commander)
March 16, 1865
FROM: General Joseph Johnston 9:00 AM
Delay Sherman’s left wing under Slocum. I
need time to organize our army to attack him once
we determine if he is moving to Raleigh or
Goldsboro, North Carolina.
Stop the Yankees from having a majority of
their infantry units over the second defensive line
on either the western side or eastern side of the
Raleigh Road. Place troops as needed on either side
of the Raleigh Road to achieve the desired effect.
 10
He will probably keep a majority of infantry units
to the left or to the right of the Raleigh Road
depending on his objective, so shift units
accordingly.
To win the fight by 1 PM:
1) Keep at least one unit in the second
defensive line east of the Raleigh Road and one
unit in the second defensive line west of the
Raleigh Road and;
2) Prevent Sherman from having a majority
of his units over the second defensive line either to
the west or east of the Raleigh Road based on the
best of your abilities. If you prevent him from
obtaining his objective by 1 PM, Wheeler’s cavalry
will be here and Sherman will have a more difficult
march causing a full day’s delay, as I require too
concentrate our forces. The approaching rain may
delay Sherman’s attack.
Ending the Game Early:
Historically, a downpour started at 1-2 PM,
stalling the Federal advance on the third line,
so:
If a Union unit is not in contact with at least
one side of the second line of earthworks by the
end of turn 9 (noon), the gamemaster rolls 1d10. If
the result is from 1-3, the downpour is early: the
attack stalls and the game ends. On 4-0, play
another turn. If at the end of turn 10 there is still no
contact, then roll 1d10, and if 1-6, the attack stalls.
If at the end of turn 11 there is no contact, then roll
1d10, and if 1-9, the attack stalls.
The scenario only covers the fighting up to
the second line (a second scenario covering the
fight after 1 PM may be published in the future).
Final Notes, References & Acknowledgments:
The Order of Battle (OB) is based upon
―Moore’s Historical Guide to the Battle of
Bentonville‖ by Mark A. Moore, which includes
the Battle of Averasboro. This is an excellent
guide to anyone interested in specific details of
these two battles and provides numerous clear and
concise maps.
The men in each regiment are approximate
and are rounded up or down to the nearest 100, or
in some cases, are combined with other smaller
sized regiments. These strengths are not intended as
exact, and sources used are either from the reports
in the O.R. when available, from individual
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
regimental histories, and those from a Bentonville
scenario by George Anderson listed in a magazine
titled ―The Zouave‖ (Summer 1994).
Historically, Averasboro was fought starting
at 3 PM on March 15 and did not finish until
nightfall of March 16. This scenario covers the
most intense action from 9 AM through 1 PM of
March 16. The fight delayed Sherman’s left wing
(north wing) and set the stage for the Battle of
Bentonville, which was fought for three days from
March 19-21, 1865. The left wing was attacked on
the 19th, and things were tough going, but
eventually the right wing about ten miles away
turned around, counterattacked the Rebel force and
drove Johnston north to Raleigh on the 21st. This
was the last major engagement between Sherman
and Johnston.
The fact that Johnston now had an organized
force to threaten Sherman made his northerly
progress to join Grant a very cautious one,
preventing him from setting foot in Virginia.
Sherman reached Goldsboro on March 22, but by
his own admission his army needed to rest and fix
up a little. Goldsboro was a major railroad junction
from Wilmington’s seaport, and the refitting was
accomplished by rail.
Scenario Tips:
UNION: You must be rather aggressive and
make sure to have units in contact with the second
works before any early rainfall. Keep brigades from
becoming Spent too early, or you may have a
difficult time. Also, depending on the order
Sherman approves, you may have the proper
number of units on the west or east side of the
Raleigh Road, but Rebel counterattacks near the
end may throw the plan out of balance, causing a
Union failure even when units are over the
earthworks on either side of the Raleigh Road. You
must accomplish Sherman’s objective for the
overall plan to work.
CONFEDERATES: Keep reserves in place
to fill in gaps in the line or counterattack later in
the game. Try to determine what side of the road
Sherman is trying to overrun with more units and
concentrate fire in this area. Hide units as best as
possible and use surprise to your advantage to
delay the Union advance before 1 PM. Move guns
along the third defensive line to maximize artillery
fire. Extended line covers more area and is a -1 to
the target in addition to the -2 works (bases are kept
1½‖ apart or 1.5 times your base size), but the
single bases are more likely to be overwhelmed in
melee by units in line, and the result affects the
 11
whole regiment even if other bases are not in the Stephen Elliott: CO# 6, Ld# +1, CO Range =9‖,
melee. S#5
(On left, east of Raleigh Rd.; 1 unit in first def. line
Playtesters: & others may be in second line or hidden in Woods
D, E, G)
I appreciate the many friends from NOWS listed Morale: Regular (Avg.): MR of 7 Weapon: Rifles
below who playtested this scenario: Haleister & Gist Guard 400 men= 4 Bases
22nd GA Art as Infantry 400 men= 4 Bases
Dave Anderson, Wayne Brabender, Warren 28th GA Infantry 400 men= 4 Bases
Butterfield, Rick Dunn, Wayne Blabolil, Don
Miller, Doug Rogers, Dave Rogers, Jim Taliaferro’s Brigade: CO#=8 Ld# +2, CO Range
Schwendamen and Carl Wetula. A special thanks =11‖, S#3
goes to Pat Minnaugh from Erie, Pa. for spending (Set up anywhere in 2nd def. line west of Raleigh
a lot of driving time coming to the NOWS min-cons Rd)
to playtest and provide insight to fine tune the Morale: Regular (Avg.) = MR# of 7 Weapon:
scenario. Rifles
2nd SC Hvy. Art (use as Inf): 400 men= 4
Bases
CSA ORDER OF BATTLE (OB) 2nd SC Inf (MR#=9) 300 men= 3
Bases
HARDEE’S CORPS (Ld#+2=present) *Taliaferro is a SO, but is also a CO for this
Battle
Taliaferro’s Division (see map & below for **SO means Superior Officer (i.e. Officers above
positions) CO’s)
W. B. Taliaferro is a Division SO acting as CO for
units in second line on right. McLaws’ Division (Ld.# +2 present)
(Lafayette McLaws may Command CO#=8,
Rhett’s (1st) Brigade: Commander (CO) Col. Wm. Range= 11‖)
Butler
CO# 5, Ld# +1, Command Range =6‖, S#5 Conner’s (1st) Brigade: CO#=6 Ld.# +1 CO
Morale: Green=MR #6 & Avg. Art=7, Weapon: Range 9‖, S#4 Set up in 3rd line (2 units may be in
Rifles Woods H )
Set up in 1st line west of Raleigh Rd. Lucas’ Morale: Seasoned Veteran: MR#=9, Weapon:
Battalion opposes Hawley. Art. is at CS right end Rifles
of the Inf. behind works & may React Fire on US 3rd Battalion & 8th SC Inf. 300 men=3 Bases
Art. as they unlimber (Hit# is +2 to the Horses) See 3rd SC. & 8th SC may advance next turn if 1 unit
CWC rules. flanks Rhett or when 1 unit forcibly Evade/Routs
from 1st defensive line.
1st SC Infantry 300 men=3 3rd SC Infantry 300 men=3 Bases
Bases Regt. may advance next turn if 2 units flank Rhett
1st SC Heavy Art. (now infantry) 300 men=3 or when 2 units forcibly Evade/Rout from 1st
Bases defensive line.
Lucas SC Battalion (already fired) 300 men=3 7th SC Infantry 300 men=3 Bases
Bases Regt. may advance next turn if 3 units flank Rhett
Art.=2x12lb Napoleons & 2x12lb *How. fires as or if 3 units forcibly Evade/Rout from 1st defensive
6lb. line.
(use 1 crew fig. & 1 gun model for 2x12lbN
guns) Harrison’s (2nd) Brigade: (set up in 3rd line)
(use 1 crew fig. & 1 gun for 2x12lbH section) CO# 7, Ld# +1, CO Range=9‖, S#4
*H=Howitzer: Rolls x2 die/fig. at 12” & x3 Morale: Veteran= MR# =8, Weapon=Rifles
die/fig. at 3” 3rd GA (stays behind 3rd line-hid) 300 men=3
(If playing a 2-hit game, remove the Howitzer or Bases
12lb Napoleon) 32nd GA 400 men=4
Bases
Elliott’s (2nd) Brigade

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 12
47th GA 300 men=3
Bases
(32nd & 47th GA advance when enemy is over
1st line)
Art.= 4x12lb How. (fires as 6lb)=2 sec.=2 fig. & 1
gun
Starts unlimbered, but moves in 3rd line west of
Raleigh Rd. (If playing a 2-hit game remove 1
figure from the Artillery)
Fiser’s (3rd) Brigade: CO#=7, Ld# +1, CO
Range=9‖ S#3
(Start in 3rd line or rear edge of Woods G)
Morale Seasoned Veteran: MR#=9,
Weapons=Rifles
1st & 2nd GA 200 men = 2 Bases
5th & 6th GA 200 men = 2 Bases
27th GA 400 men = 4 Bases
Fiser’s units advance when enemy is over 1st line
east of the Raleigh Road (units starting in 3rd line
move to any position as needed and may stay
hidden)
Hardy’s (4 th ) Brigade: CO#=7, Ld# +1, CO
Range=9‖, S#4
(in 3rd line or Woods E/F or rear edge of G). Units
may
move after foe is over 1st works east of Raleigh
Road.
Morale: Veteran= MR# =8, Weapon=Rifles
10th NC (in 3rd line or Woods E/F/G) 300 men=3
Bases
50th NC (in 3rd line or Woods E/F/G) 300 men=3
Bases
77th NC (stays in 3rd line as hidden) 300 men=3
Bases
Art.= 4x12lb Napoleons = 2 sections= 2 figures &
1 gun
(Art. starts unlimbered as in map, but moves
along &
behind 3rd line east of Raleigh Road as needed for
battle)
(If playing a 2-hit game remove 1 figure from
the Artillery)
CWC RULES for REBEL SPENT UNITS:
The S# is the Spent number, meaning when a
Brigade reaches that number of bases, it will -2 to
its Command Number (CO#). If failing to Motivate
when spent, the units Routs back 12‖and out of
sight, which is 18‖in the open (place red & yellow
marker on CO). If finding cover blocking enemy
LOS, it stops at 12‖. If the Brigade fails Motivation
again at anytime, units Rout to the third line and/or
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
cower behind it and do not fight any longer (no
firing or charging).
However, detached Superior Officers (SO’s)
& Commanders (CO’s) may attach to a unit(s) if
within Command Range (SO range=CO range +
SO Ld#) and attempt to stop the Rout if the unit
passes its modified Morale Number(Roll number or
less on d10). Leaders stay attached that turn & may
be targeted—see rules.
Units starting the turn Routed (red & yellow
markers) whose CO fails Motivation are gone
unless leaders attempt to Rally them as above.
Regiments less than 50% bases are gone if they fail
their Morale Check.
UNION ORDER OF BATTLE
(See map & below for set up positions)
Kilpatrick’s Cavalry Division (Ld # +1, present)
Located in Woods C & Raleigh Road behind fence
line as dismounted. Will not remount or Charge.
Jordon’s Brigade: CO# 6 Ld# +1 Command Range
12‖
Morale: Average=MR# 7, Weapon: B/L Carbine
9th MI Cav. (already fired) 200 dismounted = 2
Bases
92nd IL Mtd. Inf (muzzle-loading rifles) 200 = 2
Bases
Spent (S#3) Cav. does not advance when Spent!
Atkins’s Brigade: CO# 6 Ld#+1 Command Range
12‖
Morale: Average=MR# 7, Weapon: B/L Carbine
9th OH Cav. 200 dismounted= 2
Bases
2nd KY Cav. 200 dismounted= 2
Bases
Spent(S#3) Cav do not advance when Spent!
Dismounted Cav. are -1 targets, & if not moving
are
-1 targets for Breechloaders (B/L). Also, B/L re-
roll misses. Mounted Inf. fight dismounted as
infantry.
Williams’ XX Corps (Ld. # +2, present)
Ward’s Division: (Ld.# +2, present)
Case’s Brigade: CO# 7, Ld.# +1 CO Range 9‖
S#7
Morale: Seasoned Veteran; MR # 9, Rifles
 13
(Decide if 1, 2 or 3 units move from gully after US. (Advance: Same time as Cogswell)
Art. fires) 31st WI 400 4 Bases
79th OH 400 4 Bases 61st OH 300 3 Bases
102nd IL 400 4 Bases 82nd OH 400 4 Bases
105th & 124thIN 400 4 Bases 82nd IN 300 3 Bases
(hide others in Woods A until flankers attack) 101st IN 300 3 Bases
143rd NY 300 3 Bases
Dustin’s Brigade: CO# 7, Ld.# +1 CO Range 9‖
S#8 Selfridge’s Brigade: CO# 7, Ld.# +1, CO Range 9‖
Morale: Seasoned Veteran; MR # 9, Rifles S#5
(Starts behind Art. on Hill A) Morale: Veteran; MR # 8, Rifles
19th MI 400 4 Bases (Advances same time as Cogswell)
22nd WI 300 3 Bases 5th CT 300 3 Bases
33rd IN 400 4 Bases 46thPA 300 3 Bases
85th IN 400 4 Bases 123rd & 141st NY 400 4 Bases

Cogswell’s Brigade: CO# 7, Ld.# +1, CO Range 9‖ CWC RULES for SPENT UNION Brigades:
S#9
Morale: Veteran; MR # 8, Rifles The S# is the Spent Number. When a Brigade
(Advances when Hawley is Spent or has one is at that number of bases, it will -2 to its Command
unit over the 1st works. Number (CO#). If fails to Motivate, units Rout
20th CT 300 3 Bases back 12‖and out of enemy Line-of-Sight (18‖
26th WI & 33rd MA 400 4 Bases LOS). If finds cover blocking enemy LOS, it stops
55th OH 300 3 Bases at 12‖and no longer advances in this scenario.
73rd OH 300 3 Bases Cavalry stops advancing immediately when Spent
136th NY 300 3 Bases regardless of Motivation.
However, each detached Superior Officer
Art: CO#/MR#=10(Elite), Ld +1, CO Range 6‖ (SO’s) or CO’s may attach to each unit if in
S#2 fig Command Range (SO range = to CO’s + SO Ld# )
(Art. is on Hill A unlimbering & may fire in turn 1) and attempt to stop that units rout if the unit passes
1st NY (2 hits -1 fig) 6x12lb Napoleons 3 figs & 1 its modified Morale# by rolling the MR number or
gun less on 1d10. The Leader must stay attached that
1st OH ― ― 4x12lb Napoleons 2 figs & 1 turn and may be targeted.
gun If a Brigade is not Spent, but a regiment is
1 turn to limber & move ½ normal (roads/ground are Routed (has a yellow & red marker) and the CO
mud). If play ing a 2-hit game, remove 1-figure fro m fails motivation, that unit is considered gone and
each battery. removed from the game. Also, units less than 50%
bases that fail morale at anytime are gone (removed
Jackson’s Division (Ld.# +1, present) from the game).
Hawley’s Brigade: CO# 6, Ld.# +1, CO Range 9‖
S#11
Morale: Veteran (but tired); MR #7, Rifles
(Set up on Cape Fear River Road behind works.
The 2nd MA & 3rd WI are behind works and firing
since 6 AM; other 3 units are crouching down
behind them)
2nd MA (fired) 300 (lost 1 base: -3 MR#) 2 Bases
3rd WI (fired) 300 3 Bases
13th NJ (not fired) 400 4 Bases
107th NY (not fired) 300 3 Bases
150th NY (not fired) 300 3 Bases

Robinson’s Brigade: CO# 7, Ld.# +1, CO Range 9‖

S#10
Morale: Veteran; MR #8, Rifles

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 TO AVERASBORO & RALEIGH
NORTH TO GOLDSBORO
5’

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2-12lbH (1-fig,1-gun)xxxxxxxxx 6-12lbN (3-fig & 2-guns) xxx xxxxx
 Conner 3 rd Defensive line HARDEE Harrisonxxxxxxxxx Fiser xxxxxxxxxxxx Hardy
 Light Woods H 
  McCLAWS  
  Lt. Woods 6”x 24” G Light Woods F
4’           
     
Cape Fear  nd
 x Taliaferro & Uni ts in 2 Defensi ve line      xxxxxx 
River X
 3’4” xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X XXXXXXXXXXXX Light 
3’4”
  Woods E 
     11” 
3’
 Light Woods A LOS= 6” Lt. Woods D (6”x12” LOS=6”inside) 
Gully/Creek(-1”)  (-2”to move) (-2”to move, -1 hit# /3”) 
  Hill B      All woods’ edges have brush
WEST Art. Rhett’s Brig Elliott’s units      units hi de in (seen at 6”)
  6”xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxxxxx     Black Ri ver
14

2’ 6” 6” 

  Lt. Woods C 
or   16” total Raleigh Rd(Split Rail fences)     
    Yank dis mounted Cav x xxxx           
Case   Smith House Atkins/Jordon X xxx X            
To Cape xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    Horse Hol ders & Kil patrick do not re-mount or Charge
Fear River 1’
 Art starts on Hill A Hawley   Cogswell   Robinson/Selfridge
(1500 ft.)  Dustin is unlimbering Light Woods B Cape Fear Ri ver Rd.(S plit Rail Fences)
 behind Art. )

Ward (1stDiv) Hill A WILLIAMS (XX Corps)  Jackson (2nd Div. SO)
0 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’
Legend: 1”~100 ft., 1-B ase~100 men, 1 -Unit is 1 Regiment * Hills are 10-12 high feet sloping gentl y down (Art. fire over own units if mi dway)
 =impassible swamp,  Woods(50% southern pine, 50% deci duous & no leaves), x =med. works (-2 Cover, +2 Morale, -1 to move over)
Works cover South edge of Hill-B. Reb Art is behind works at the very end of the Rhett’s infantry on the extreme right and on the hill.
In CWC, woods usually have brush on the edge, which units hi de in. Inf. units hi d are s potted at 6” & may react fire first surprising the
enemy. Surprised units Check Morale i f hit before i t continues to move or fire back. Hi d units may react fire greate r than 6” causing the
enemy to take its Hits first, but it may i mmedi atel y stop and react fire back since its not surprised. B oth Check Morale simultaneously, but if
the target deci des to continue moving and normal fire in phase 3, it must Check Morale if hit. It must decide its intent before the hi d unit fires
(i. e rolls the die). Also if a hi d unit is spotted and deci des not to fire at 6” but cl oser, the target i s not surprised if deci des to move closer.
 15
How to Make
Flexible Tree
Stands
By John Mayer of Round Top Miniatures
Tools and Materials Needed
1. Silicone Caulk – use pure silicone or results will
not be as good
2. Caulking gun – used for tube of silicone caulk
3. Spackling blade – used to spread silicone
4. Saran™ wrap- you can use any plastic food wrap,
but Saran wrap seems to work best
5. Flat board – can be of any sturdy material larger
than the size of your intended tree stand
6. Tape – whatever sticks to the Saran wrap and your
board
7. Trees – Whatever type of tree you prefer. It
should have a base or at least something at the
bottom to hold the caulk and keep it upright while the
caulk cures
8. Flocking – I use Woodland Scenics rough, clump
foliage and fine grass to fill in some areas. The type
and color is up to you, for what type of woods or
forest you want to represent. Make sure you have
plenty of extra flocking. You will use more in the
process than you actually need to cover the base.
9. Paper towels – silicone can get messy. Remember,
it does not wash off and is not easy to get off of
anything!
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Step 1.
Decide how big you want your tree stand or forest to
be and get a flat board larger than that.
Step 2.
Spread out Saran wrap across board and tape all four
sides. Make sure it is taut and has no wrinkles in it.
Step 3.
Beginning now, time is of the utmost importance!
Silicone caulk will cure very quickly and form a skin
on the surface. So, from the time you start, you must
work as quickly as possible. Using silicone caulk
and the caulking gun, squeeze out silicone in an
outline of the shape of the tree stand that you desire
on the plastic wrap. Then squeeze more into the
interior area of the tree stand, but do not completely
fill this area, or it will be too thick and you will waste
a lot of silicone.
Step 4.
Quickly use the spackling blade to spread the silicone
out thin and cover all the area that you require. You
can do it very thin 1/8 inch thick, and thin to even
less on the edges. It does not have to be even. It will
be very rough because silicone caulk does not lie
 16
down. But that is okay, because you will be pressing
it down flat in a later step.
Step 5.
You will now be laying down the ground flocking,
and you must still work quickly while the silicone is
still sticky on its surface. Simply sprinkle your
flocking down, but go very heavy and make sure no
silicone is showing. Cover everything completely.
Then press down gently with you hands and push the
flocking into the silicone, so that it is embedded
firmly in it. You may get some silicone oozing up
and getting on your hands. Simply wipe it off your
hands with a paper towel and sprinkle more flocking
on the areas where the silicone has come through
above the flocking. It is very important that the
flocking is firmly embedded into the silicone while it
is wet, otherwise the flocking may not stay
permanently.
Step 6.
We are now ready to adhere the trees, but still must
proceed hastily. Depending on the size of the base of
the tree, use a finger or some other tool to push aside
flocking and silicone where you want to place the
tree. Now squeeze an amount of silicone into that
area and plant the tree into it. You may squeeze
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
some silicone around the flat base area of the tree that
is showing and add more flocking, or you can do that
anytime later using whatever normal method you
would use to adhere flocking to the base. If any
silicone squeezes out or it is showing, sprinkle more
flocking and push into silicone gently. After
adhering all trees, look over entire base for any
silicone that is showing and add more flocking.
Step 7.
You are almost done, but now you must wait.
Silicone takes about 24 hours or less to thoroughly
cure. It all depends on how thick it is. If it is really
thin, it will be a much shorter time. So, put it out of
the way in a warm dry area. It cures faster if it is
warmer.
Step 8.
If the silicone is cured, it is time to remove the tree
stand from the plastic wrap. The reason that plastic
food wrap is used, is that silicone does not stick to it
when cured. It will adhere to everything else, but
something on the plastic food wrap prohibits it from
sticking. So, gently peel up the edge of the tree base.
It should come off quite easily, but you should still
peel it slowly so you will not tear any possible thin
areas of the silicone base. If it doesn’t come off
 17
easily, it may mean that the silicone has not
thoroughly cured. If it is thoroughly cured, then the
plastic food wrap may be of an inferior quality.
Nevertheless, you can simply trim the plastic wrap
off around the edges of your tree stand.

Completed Tree Stand

The tree stand is now complete and you have a very

Step 9.
During the flocking process, you should have used an
overabundance of flocking material. Some of this
will not stick or is barely hanging on. First take your
tree stand and shake it upside down over a box, so
that you can catch the excess flocking and use again.
You should be able to shake it and flex it vigorously
to remove the loose flocking. You may also take a
small craft brush and gently brush loose any flocking
that is unattached.
flexible piece of terrain that will lay flat and yet
forms over softly rolling terrain. It also defines an
area of woods or trees very well so that there is no
question about it. The other great thing about the
flexible silicone base, is that you can slightly bend
over trees to get to your figures without breaking
them or damaging them. It is also very strong and
durable and will last for years.

Step 10.

If you like to add highlights to your foliage, you

should do so now. Some terrain makers use a lighter
shade of fine flocking to highlight and create shadow
on their foliage. Use a spray adhesive and spray
straight down on the areas you want to highlight.
Now sprinkle the lighter foliage color directly from
above so that it falls on it naturally.

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 18
Care and Storage
When storing this flexible silicone terrain, always
make sure it lays flat. If it gets wrinkled and lays that
way for a long time, it may be a permanent wrinkle,
but that only happens from abuse or neglect. Like
any terrain, you must take care of it and protect it in a
box or case so that it is not crushed. I have had mine
for over fifteen years and it is still in the best shape!
Scenarios
and Articles Needed!
Please feel free send us your regimental-level Ci vil War
gami ng scenarios. Send all submissions to the Johnny
Reb Gaming Society at jrgsnl@comcast.net. Articles
will be used based upon s pace and avail ability per
issue, and may be edited by the staff. Keep ‘em coming,
soldier!
www.battlefieldterrain.com
The one stop for all your Civil War wargaming
terrain needs!
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Gettysburg Glimpses: True Stories
from the Battlefield –
a new book by Scott Mingus
“Snakes? Why did it have to be snakes?” –
Indiana Jones, as portrayed by actor Harrison Ford
On June 17, 1863, as the 26th North
Carolina camped near Chester’s Gap, the soldiers
began to hear telltale rattling noises. Obviously a
rattlesnake nest was somewhere close by. By
nightfall, the soldiers had killed at least six of the
large snakes, including a sixteen-rattle monster that
was dispatched on the spot where the colonel’s
tent was pitched. By the next morning, the
campsite was crawling with slithering snakes, and
the 26th engaged in its first combat of the summer
campaign, battling the “hideous sentinels of the
night before.” The men were more than happy to
break camp and resume the march.
In the days to come, the Tar Heels would
face much deadlier foes in southern Pennsylvania.
J. A. Bush memoir, David McGee, “The
Regimental History of the 26th North Carolina”
This new book is now on sale from the JRGS!
Contact Debi Mingus for details!
NEW CIVIL WAR BOOK FOR SALE!
Flames Beyond
Gettysburg: The Gordon
Expedition, June 1862 by
Scott Mingus is now
available from the
Johnny Reb Gaming
Society or from leading
book retailers such as
amazon.com. It is the
first detailed account of
the two weeks before
Gettysburg and Brig. Gen. John B. Gordon’s
expedition through Adams and York counties.
 19
The Fi rst Battl e of
Newtoni a
Missouri
September 30, 1862
By Jerry Stefek
Introduction
The First Battle of Newtonia is my first
attempt at a mostly cavalry scenario. It struck me as
an interesting challenge from the standpoint that
Union and Confederate American Indians battled
each other. I wanted to recognize their historical
contribution to the Civil War conflict. I also wanted
to try and capture some of the back and forth rhythm
of the First Newtonia battle. The arrival of fresh
regiments tipped the scale to favor first for one side
and then the other, and then another wave of fresh
troops would swing the pendulum back again.
Overall the forces engaged were rather small and
pretty well balanced. I thought it could make for a
good 4-player JR III scenario. I hope you enjoy it.
Background
The Confederate army had been driven out of
Missouri after the Battle of Pea Ridge (also known as
Elkhorn Tavern) on March 8, 1862. By the fall of
1862 the Confederates had recovered enough to
partially re-occupy parts of Missouri.
Newtonia, Missouri, was an attractive place
to visit for several reasons. There were lead mines at
nearby Granby, Missouri. Lead provided an essential
component for small arms ammunition. In 1862
southwestern Missouri farmers had enjoyed a
peaceful summer thanks to Pea Ridge. They now had
a bountiful fall harvest. A hungry army would
certainly be attracted to the area. Newtonia was also
home to a large grain mill where all that grain could
be converted into flower. These three elements made
Newtonia an attractive place to occupy.
Union Brigadier General James G. Blunt, the
commander of the Department and Army of Kansas,
was alarmed when he learned that the Confederates
had reappeared in Missouri. He saw their presence as
a threat to the Missouri Capitol of Springfield. Blunt
was determined to once again evict them from the
state. Driving south from Fort Scott and spearheading
Blunt’s advance was Brigadier General Frederick
Salomon’s 1st Division.
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Salomon’s orders from Blunt were to locate
the enemy but not bring about a battle unless the
Union commander determined he had a numerical
advantage. This rather vague order left a lot open to
interpretation for the subordinate commanders in the
field. Salomon was not prepared to fight a general
engagement when one of his officers got into trouble.
Hence he was a bit slow to commit more forces.
The Union and Confederate commanders
were initially not present at Newtonia. Neither
commander knew what was going on there. They
both reacted by marching to the sound of the guns
and feeding more and more of their command into
the conflict until it grew into a general engagement.
Newtonia was a seesaw battle with fresh regiments
arriving all day long. The numerical advantage
shifted several times in the battle. There were several
cavalry charges back and forth along a six-mile
stretch north of the town.
The Role of American Indians in the Battle
The Battle of Newtonia included regiments
of American Indians fighting for both the North and
the South. Many people don’t realize that the
Western Indian tribes not only participated in the
Civil War but also they were just as divided in their
loyalties. Southern tribes such as the Chickasaw and
Choctaw allied with the South. The Cherokee tribe
acted similar to a border state. Some Cherokees
fought for the North and some for the South. There
are several good books that explain the impact of the
Civil War on Indian tribes including how they were
drawn into the conflict and the engagements they
fought in. I will mention a few at the end of the
article.
Indian units seem to have a reputation that
they were unaccustomed to 1860’s style warfare. The
assumption is they fought as a disorganized mob and
will flee in terror from artillery fire. While there was
some truth to this at Pea Ridge, I found no criticism
of Indian fighting ability in the Official Records
regarding the Battle of Newtonia.
Newtonia happened six months after Pea
Ridge. Indian units have had more combat exposure
by the time of Newtonia. Aside from being poorly
equipped and trained I saw no justification to give
Indian regiments special penalties. Both sides said
their Indian regiments performed admirably well
along side the white troops. There was a white man
perception that all Indians were natural fighters and
didn’t need training. This wasn’t exactly true because
many of them had been living peacefully on their
reservations for a couple of decades prior to the Civil
War. It was generally true, especially for the South,
 20
that Indian regiments had the worst of the worst
equipment. They did not fight with bows and arrows
but their guns were mostly old and unreliable. I also
assumed they could fight either mounted or
dismounted.
The 1st Cherokee Battalion had no problem
dismounting and taking cover behind the stone wall
when Union artillery was shooting at them. They
didn’t automatically rout from the artillery fire either.
I could not find much evidence to support how well
Indians kept a formation. Fighting disordered is a big
penalty in a JRIII and seemed overly harsh. Indians
had little formal training. I think treating them as
militia and taking a full turn to form up is reasonable.
Poorly trained and equipped regiments are militia in
my opinion, and the Indians seem to come pretty
close to that in JRIII terms.
Details of the Battle
General Salomon had originally sent a
detachment on September 29 commanded by Colonel
Lynde to scout Newtonia. Lynde found Newtonia
occupied, and then made a demonstration and asked
for reinforcements. Why Lynde needed
reinforcements and why Salomon sent them if Lynde
was only scouting makes little sense to me. By the
morning of the 30th Lynde decided to attack the town.
In the morning Salomon seemed perplexed
by the sound of cannon fire coming from Newtonia.
He thought his scouting party may be in trouble and
started feeding first his cavalry and then his infantry
towards the battle. The sound of cannon also alerted
Confederate Colonel Douglas Hancock Cooper. He
believed his garrison at Newtonia was in trouble and
started to direct his regiments towards the town. The
battle was waged from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM. It
seesawed back and forth as fresh units arrived on the
field. The reinforcements tipped the balance in favor
of one side to the other and then back again.
Approximate Time Line
7 AM to 10 AM
Colonel Lynde orders the 2nd Kansas
Volunteer Battery to start shelling Newtonia. The
bombardment lasts about two hours. Lynde then
orders the 9th Wisconsin infantry to advance down
the creek bed towards the town. In town the
Confederate 31st Texas Cavalry and the 1st Cherokee
Battalion take cover behind a stone wall and try to
delay the Union advance. The 34th Texas arrives and
helps shore up the defenses. Meanwhile both the
Confederate commander Colonel Douglas H. Cooper
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
and the Union commander Brigadier General
Frederick Salomon hear the sound of cannon and
wonder what was going on in Newtonia. They both
start to funnel troops into the conflict.
10 AM to 11 AM
From the south side of Newtonia the 1st Choctaw-
Chickasaw mounted rifles arrive. They immediately
charge the advancing 9th Wisconsin and throw them
back with heavy loss. Shelby’s 5th Missouri arrives
about 10:30 and lends more weight to the
Confederate counter-attack.
11 AM to 2 PM
The Union’s 6th Kansas arrives and prevents a
complete rout of Colonel Lynde’s command. Colonel
Cooper and the 1st Texas Partisan Cavalry arrive
from the North West Granby road. This causes mass
confusion because the Confederates think they are
additional Union reinforcements, and the Union is
not pleased to have Confederate cavalry arrive in
their rear. The Confederates have the upper hand at
this point. The Union forces are being pushed back
northward towards the forest.
2 PM to 4 PM
The sizable 1,000-strong 3rd Indian Home Guard
arrives to save the retreating Union forces. The
Confederate attack starts to stumble when confronted
with this new foe. About 3:30 PM Salomon finally
shows up with the 10th Kansas infantry. Grabbing the
initiative the Union is once again on the attack and
pushing towards Newtonia.
4 PM to 7 PM
Additional Confederate support trickles in including
much needed artillery. By about 5:00 PM the
Confederates have blunted the Union attack and are
once again pushing them back. Salomon is hopeful
that additional Union brigades from Blunt’s army
will arrive and once again reverse the tide of battle.
The Missouri Militia Cavalry Brigade does arrive
after nightfall. By then they can do more than cover
Salomon’s retreat. The Confederates get to keep
Newtonia for four more days before Blunt’s superior
numbers finally force them to fall back to Arkansas
and Indian Territory.
Total Casualties
Union: 350 to 400
 21
Confederate: 78
The Forces Engaged
I have learned that historical battles are
disorderly and don’t always fit JRIII organizational
rules without some tweaking. For example at 7 AM
the 9th Wisconsin has part of the regiment at
Newtonia and part with General Salomon. The 9th
Kansas was a detachment of 190 men and the 2nd
Ohio was a detachment of 85 men. Companies of the
9th Kansas were scattered all over the plains so it has
a battalion sized detachment rather than a full
regiment at Newtonia. Most of the other cavalry
regiments seem to have similar issues.
I took a few liberties to combine bits and
pieces into more playable battalions, regiments and
artillery sections. The Union had about 3500 men and
the Confederates had about 4000. The Union had
about 16 to 18 pieces of mixed artillery and the
Confederates had about 6 mixed pieces. The 2nd
Kansas Volunteer Battery had just been formed a
couple of months ago so I rated them green. The
same is true for the 1st Texas Partisan Rangers.
Weapons
I included known weapons where I could. The 3rd
Indian Home Guard was equipped with rifles.
Confederated Indian regiments were self-supplied
with weapons brought from home. The Native
American Mounted Rifleman 1861–65 Osprey book
estimated that 70% of the home-supplied weapons
were shotguns. The 9th KS only had sabers and
pistols. The artillery on both sides was a mix of
mountain howitzers to 12-lb Napoleons.
Brig. Gen. Frederick Salo mon Col. Douglas H. Cooper
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
Frederick C. Salomon (April 7, 1826 – March 8,
1897) was a Prussian immigrant to the United States
who served as a Union brigadier general. Salomon
had settled in Wisconsin, where he was the chief
engineer with Manitowoc and Wisconsin railroad. In
1861 he joined the Missouri 5th Infantry and was
present at Wilson's Creek. He was appointed colonel
of the 9th Wisconsin Infantry, and made a brigadier
general in 1862. On September 30, 1862, he made an
unsuccessful attempt to capture Newtonia, Missouri,
during the First Battle of Newtonia. He later
commanded the victorious Union troops at the Battle
of Helena, Arkansas. In 1865 he received the brevet
of major general. He died in Salt Lake City, Utah,
and is buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery, in Salt Lake
City, Utah.
Douglas Hancock Cooper (November 1, 1815 –
April 29, 1879) likely was born in Amite County,
Mississippi. His father was a physician and Baptist
minister. Cooper attended the University of Virginia
from 1832 until 1834. He then took up farming in
Mississippi. He married Mary Collins of Natchez and
had 7 children. He was elected in 1844 to serve in the
state legislature. Cooper raised the 1st Mississippi
Rifles during the Mexican War and was cited for
bravery at Monterrey. In 1853, through the influence
of Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, President
Franklin Pierce appointed Cooper as the Federal
agent to the Choctaw tribe. Cooper helped peaceably
remove them to Indian Territory. Three years later,
he also became the agent to the Chickasaws, who
trusted Cooper and officially adopted him as a full
member of the tribe.
 22
Union
7 AM Turn 1 Men Stands Rating Arms Commander
9th KS Cav Battalion (Includes 2nd OH Cav) 240 2-2-2-2 Veteran Revolvers & Sabers Colonel Edw ard Lynde
9th WI Infantry 600 5-5-5-5 Veteran Rifled Musket Lieutenant Colonel Arthur
Jacobi
2nd KS Volunteer Battery - 3 Sections of mixed guns 90 3 Green Mixed battery Captain Job B. Stockton
11 AM Turn 8
Colonel William Weer (Leader +1)
6th KS Cav A 360 3-3-3-3 Veteran ML Carbines Colonel William. R. JUDSON
6th KS Cav B 360 3-3-3-3 Veteran ML Carbines Colonel William. R. JUDSON
Benedict's Battery - 2 Sections of mixed guns 60 2 Veteran Mixed Battery Lieutenant Brainard D.
Benedict
2 PM Turn 14
3rd Indian Home Guard A 360 3-3-3-3 Militia Rifled Musket Colonel William A. Phillips
3rd Indian Home Guard B 360 3-3-3-3 Militia Rifled Musket Colonel William A. Phillips
3rd Indian Home Guard C 360 3-3-3-3 Militia Rifled Musket Colonel William A. Phillips
3:30:00 PM Turn 17
Brigadier General Frederick Salomon (Leader +1)

10th KS Infantry 600 5-5-5-5 Veteran Rifled Musket Colonel William Weer
1st KS Volunteer Battery - 3 Sections of mixed guns 90 3 Veteran Mixed Battery Captain Nor man Allen
total 3480
Confederate
7 AM Turn 1 Men Stands Rating Arms Commander
31st TX Cav 360 3-3-3-3 Veteran Colonel Tresevant C. Hawpe
1st Cherokee Battalion 240 2-2-2-2 Militia Shot Guns & Pistols Major J. M. Bryan
9:00 AM Turn 4
Colonel Douglas H. Cooper (Leader +1)
34th TX Cav 360 3-3-3-3 Veteran ML Carbines Colonel Almerine M.
Alexander
10:00 AM Turn 6
1st Choctaw -Chickasaw Mounted Rifles A 360 3-3-3-3 Militia Shot Guns & Pistols Colonel Tandy Walker
1st Choctaw -Chickasaw Mounted Rifles B 360 3-3-3-3 Militia Shot Guns & Pistols Colonel Tandy Walker
10:30 AM Turn 7
Colonel Joseph Orville Shelby (Leader +1)
5th MO Cav 360 3-3-3-3 Veteran ML Carbines Colonel B. Frank Grodon
11:00 AM Turn 8
1st TX Partisan Cav Arrives via Granby Rd 360 3-3-3-3 Green ML Carbines Colonel James G. Stevens
4:00 PM Turn 18
11th TX Field Artillery - 3 Sections of mixed guns 90 3 Veteran ML Carbines Captain Sylvanus Howell
12th MO Cav 360 3-3-3-3 Veteran ML Carbines Colonel Beal G. Jeans
4:30 PM Turn 19
1st Choctaw Regiment A 360 3-3-3-3 Militia Shot Guns & Pistols Colonel Sampson Folsom
1st Choctaw Regiment B 360 3-3-3-3 Militia Shot Guns & Pistols Colonel Sampson Folsom
5:00 PM Turn 20
1st MO Cav Buster's Battalion 360 3-3-3-3 Veteran ML Carbines Lt. Colonel Michael W. Buster
total 3930

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 23
Scenario Specific Rules Union forces enter form the north end of the
table.
I would play loose with the command and
communication. This battle had a lot of colonels References
taking the initiative and doing their own thing. The
Indian regiments were certainly acting independently, Battle Overview
and the principle commanders didn’t arrive on the http://www.geocities.com/civil_war_anderson/Newto
field until much later in the day. So I would just say nia.html
there are no command and control limits on this
battle. You are in playing in a Wild West shootout Official Battle Reports
with cowboys and Indians. http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~capp
screek/civilwar/or/ornewtoniaconfed.html
The turns should be 30-minute intervals. The battle
raged for 12 hours over a six-mile run with units Summary of Forces Engaged
chasing each other back and forth. Additional time http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/pottery/1080/n
compression is needed to fit the map down to a ewtonia_mo_29sep62.htm
couple of tables and make sure the game keeps
moving along. 24 turns seems like plenty to me. Summary of Indian Regiments
http://www.civilwarhome.com/unionconfedindians.ht
The Terrain m

I found a map of the Second Battle of Newtonia that The American Civil War in the Indian Territory
took place in 1864. That battle was fought mostly Osprey Publishing
south of the town, while the 1862 battle was fought Author: John D. Spencer
mostly north of the town. Scott Mingus wrote a Illustrator: Adam Hook
scenario for the Second Battle of Newtonia that
appeared in Charge! # 8. In reading the description of Native American Mounted Rifleman 1861–65
the 1862 battle, several key terrain features were Osprey Publishing
mentioned. Author: Mark Lardas
Illustrator: Jonathan Smith
There was a stone wall along the northern
edge of Newtonia that provided important Civil War in the Indian Territory
shelter for the Confederates from Union Authors: Steve Cottrell and Andy Thomas
cannons.
There was a wooded creek running from Information about Kansas regiments
northeast to southwest that provided some http://www.kansasguardmuseum.org/9ksvls.html
cover to attacking Union regiments. You can
see the creek drawn on the 1864 map.
There was a bluff northwest of Newtonia that
the Union used as an artillery platform. JR3 Rules Questions?
The area immediate north of Newtonia was
farmland. The farms gave way to open prairie Gamers, if you have
and on the far northern edge of the table questions involving rules interpretation, send them to
should be forest. When the Union troops Scott Mingus, Sr. at jrgsnl@comcast.net.
were pushed back, they used the cover of the Questions will be collected
forest to rally and regroup. The forest is not and forwarded to John Hill
pictured on the 1864 map. for the
All Confederate forces with the exception of “Ask John Hill” column.
1st Texas Partisan Cavalry enter from the
South end of the table. The 1st Texas
Partisan enters from the Granby Road. All

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 24
Newtonia 1864 Map from the Official Records

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 25

Taking the northern edge of the historical 1864 Newtonia map, I would extend it as shown below.
Union troops enter from the northern edge and Confederate forces enter from the southern edge of the
table.

The Richey Mansion at Newtonia, Missouri, was used as a

field hospital during both battles. Shown on the map above
as Mrs. Ritchie’s Estate, it was the Confederate headquarters
during First Newtonia, and fighting swirled in the fields
around the house and large barn. Damaged by a tornado in
2008, the historic old house is now undergoing extensive
restoration. The barn is no longer extant, but the stone wall
in front of the corn field still stands along today’s Route 86.
It was a Rebel rallying point, where they made a determined
stand.

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 26
HIDDEN MOVEMENT
Larry Reber
www.GettysburgSoldiers.com
One aspect missing from many miniature
wargame rules systems is the element of surprise.
Opposing players hover over the gaming table with a
perfect birds-eye view of the entire field, so there is
little opportunity for deception and secrecy. To
restore the element of surprise into game strategy,
we sometimes begin the scenario with HIDDEN
MOVEMENT.
Hidden Movement markers are placed on
the table instead of the actual miniature troops, to
conceal their identity. As the units maneuver into
recognizable visibility of the opponent’s forces, the
corresponding hidden move markers are replaced
with the miniature units on the table. The idea
behind hidden movement is that your opponent is
aware of activity in a certain area, perhaps the result
of rumored sightings or vague scouting reports, but
confirmed identity cannot become known until
troops actually come within sight of each other.
The Hidden Movement maneuvering usually
only lasts a few opening game turns; as opposing
units position themselves before the impending fight
begins in earnest. But this might just be enough to
spring a tactical surprise or gain a strategic edge.
We have nine simple guidelines for adding
hidden movement to a game. These are generic and
can be incorporated into any favorite gaming rules
you are using.
1. Each Hidden Move Marker represents a
single, designated Infantry, Cavalry or
Artillery unit and may move as the unit
would move on the table.
2. Open line of sight reveals a concealed unit at
distance of 36 inches. (Replace hidden
marker with actual troops on the table
immediately when revealed).
3. Hidden Move Markers may not be fired
upon with any effect until the target has
been revealed.
4. Reverse slope of hills and entrenchments
conceal from view.
5. One inch depth into woods or cornfields
conceals from view.
Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)
6. Fences, low stone walls, and single buildings
do NOT provide concealment from view.
7. Units may reveal themselves by choosing to
fire.
8. Friendly troops may screen to conceal from
view, but Infantry cannot screen for
mounted Cavalry. Artillery cannot provide
screen for anyone.
9. No “Ghost” hidden move markers are
permitted unless agreed prior to game.
Hidden Move markers can be constructed
out of checker pieces or any cut plastic or cardboard.
We make ours out of wooden Litko bases, decorated
with a respective US or CS flag decal and numbered.
Players list the identity of their units by the
corresponding numbers and turn the lists over to the
Game Master at beginning of the game, to avoid
confusion and ensure honesty.
A few tips and suggestions to consider:
* Send out scouts and skirmishers to seek out
and reveal opposing units before exposing your
own main body of troops.
* Maneuver your mounted cavalry at a more
pedestrian infantry rate of movement to avoid
giving away their identity.
* To further add to the mystery, you can
designate a few additional markers as “ Ghost”
or “Dummy” markers that, when revealed, turn
out to be just noncombatants, such as a civilian’s
wagon, or a few cattle wandering loose, or even
enemy skirmish figures deliberately creating a
distraction!
Hidden in a cornfield conceals from view.
 27

Units remain hidden until sighted by the enemy.

Reverse slope of hill conceals units from view.

Hidden in the rocks; could it be Infantry? Cavalry?

Cavalry screen conceals units from view. Artillery?

Markers move same as the units could maneuver. This artillery chooses to reveal itself by firing a shot!

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 28

John Mayer’s 25mm ACW figures march through

an example of one of his flexible forests (his
interesting method of making these is described
earlier in this issue of CHARGE!)

―War is cruelty. There is no use trying to reform

it. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over‖ –
Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood, CSA

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 29
Gettysburg Glimpses
is now in print!
This interesting collection
of Gettysburg stories and
incidents is available from
amazon.com, Barnes &
Noble, and Borders, as
well as other retailers.
Here are some typical
anecdotes from the
new book:
Exhausted from days of marching through
alternating rain and intense heat and sunshine, and with
nerves frayed from the specter of impending combat,
many soldiers’ emotions were on edge. Members of the
green-clad 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters, marching without
benefit of maps or milestones, kept asking locals along
the way if they were now in Pennsylvania. The answer
kept coming back, no, they were still in Maryland.
Finally the desired answer came from a female
bystander that they were indeed now in the Keystone
State.
However, the normally reserved and calm
Sergeant Henry I. Richards released his pent-up
emotions in a torrent aimed at the unsuspecting
woman, “God d___ your Pennsylvania! The rebels
ought to destroy the entire state if you can’t afford
better roads. This road is worse than Virginia roads.”
Richards would never tramp the roads of
Virginia again. Sadly, he would perish at Gettysburg
from an accidental overdose of ether administered
during an amputation.
Benjamin LaBree, Camp Fires of the Confederacy: A Volume
of Humorous Anecdotes, Reminiscences… (Louisville,
Kentucky: Courier-Journal Job Printing, 1898).
***
In the midst of intense stress, strange thoughts
at times will enter people’s minds. The sense of self-
preservation may be replaced with other emotions and
feelings. During the intense cannonade, Major Edmund
Berkeley of the 8th Virginia was in the rear of the
Confederate line at Spangler’s Woods on Seminary
Ridge. His mind wandered to a deck of playing cards
that he had tucked into a pocket. Ignoring the
screaming shells and booming thunder, he fondly
recalled pleasanter days when the cards had provided
hours of campfire-side amusement as Berkeley gambled
with his brother and other officers, including Brigadier
General Richard Garnett.
Berkeley could not help but think that if he
were killed in the impending assault, these mementos
of his army life might fall into enemy hands. He was
unwilling that some unknown Yankee might derive
pleasure from the cards, so he feverishly dug a hole in
the ground and gingerly placed the deck into it. He
covered the playing cards with dirt and placed a rock
over the “grave.”
His eyes welled with tears as he focused on
memories of friendships that might never again be
realized.
Edmund Berkeley to John W. Daniel, J. W. Daniel
Papers, University of Virginia Library.
Also available directly from the publisher’s website at
Xlibris.com.
http://www2.xlibris.com/bookstore/bookdisplay.
asp?bookid=57192

Wyman S. White, The Civil War Diary of Wyman S. White,

edited and printed by Lt. Col. Russell White. Adapted
from an entry in Killed in Action by Greg Coco.
***
One infantryman in Company H of the 5th
Texas later recounted an amusing incident during the
attack on Little Round Top or, as he termed it, Sugar
Loaf Mountain. The regiment advanced toward a stake-
and-rider fence at the foot of the hill, behind which the
Texans could see heavy timber and several large rocks.
Captain John S. Cleveland called out, “Ten dollars to
the first man who gets over the fence!” Privates Stone
and Settler were the first to cross the obstruction.
The writer later remarked, “Afterward they
claimed the ten dollars, but I don’t know whether they
got it or not.”

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)

 30
Jesper – I use the stuff you make teddy bears from
The Budget Gamer for low cost cornfields; it can look rather flat but
the advantage is that stands don’t get elevated, and
Q -What are some of YOUR favorite low-cost anyway what would a field look like when 1000
terrain ideas? men have gone through it?

Matt – For 25mm, I made some three-rail fences
out of strike-anywhere matches. I cut of the heads
off four matches and threw them in a bowl of
water. Then I cut them in half and glued each half
on either end of a stand that is exactly the length as
the matches. After these vertical posts dried, I
glued three full-length matches for the rails. I
stained them with some leftover brown stain, and
flocked the base. I got about 36 inches of fences,
including some fences that have been knocked
down by invading troops.
Jim – I have sheets of Styrofoam I've shaved and
shaped into hills as well as foam rubber and small
pillows. I lay them on the table and then cover the
whole thing with huge sheets of green felt. For
fences I buy the kind made for railroading by
Atlas; I think they’re called ―rustic fencing.‖ I glue
these to cut-out pieces of green bristol board. I
have tons of this kind of fencing. I also use stone
fencing that I’ve found here and there as well as
made with glue and kitty litter. I buy ready made
HO-scale houses as well as make my own for
specialty structures (Lutheran Seminary,
Pennsylvania College etc.). Use masking tape for
roads, and cut out ribbons of brown-tinted car
window
plastic sheeting with pebbles strewn about them for
rivers (similar to those shown in the original Fire
& Fury rules book).
Ben – For my cornfields, I use pieces of artificial
Christmas trees [or wreaths] that that I have cut to
height, then narrowly trimmed. For my wheatfields
I use teddy bear fur. For both, I form them into
one-inch strips, then border squares of felt that are
appropriately colored—golden for the wheatfield,
brown for the cornfield. In the middle of the
border I place little squares that can be easily
removed as troops advance through them.
George – For cornfields try plastic mats or door
mats such as fake Astroturf. They usually come in
green and brown. I used green ones, cut them up
into decent sized ―fields,‖ and then dry-brushed
them with yellow ochre. You have a very good
imitation cornfield. They are not only cheap but
robust. I have been using different door mats for
wheatfields but am not entirely pleased with them.
They are a buff yellow in color and are a stiff brush
kind of material. [Editor’s note: I have several
wheatfields made from these brush-like floor
mats.]
Adapted from the files of the ACWMB Yahoo
Group, 1999-2002.

Peter – For 15mm rail fences just use

toothpicks. I base mine with cardboard made from
cutting up cereal boxes. Just spray-paint green or
brown and flock. Epoxy glue makes for a fine
bond. My cheap fences have lasted 8 years of
heavy convention use. I use vinyl rivers from
Editions Brokaw (Pat Condray). They look great,
and they stay in shape with WD40 (which prevents
them from sticking to each other, otherwise I think
they would permanently adhere!) Another river
idea: I cut a plastic sheet 5‖ wide and 1’ long and
paint banks on it and then water. Flock, add rocks
and grass, and it looks great! I make them
reversible with dirt roads on the back side.

Steven Hofner (Order #35311104)