TLE 10 AGRICULTURE

Quarter 3 Week 3-4

Lesson 2: Routine Check-up of Tools and Equipment Week 3
LEARNING TASK LEARNING TASK
Lesson 2: Routine Check-up of Tools and Lesson 3: Irrigation Systems and Components (Week 4)
Equipment (Week 3)
Read and understand the context and answer the following:
Read and understand the context and answer the  WHAT I KNOW
following:  WHAT’S NEW
 WHAT I KNOW  WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
 WHAT’S NEW  WHAT’S MORE
 ASSESSMENT  ASSESSMENT
 Q3 2ND SUMMATIVE TEST

What I Need to Know

A functional irrigation system does not come for free. Materials, tools and equipment are
expensive and is considered as an investment. Aside from being expensive, irrigation structures
on the other hand needs to be maintained and if it is not available it needs to be constructed.
However, it is important to consider that the additional cost incurred in buying, construction and
installation of these materials, tools, equipment and structures could eventually make work easier,
more efficient and can save you from unnecessary labor cost and failure. At the end of this lesson
you must be able to: 1. Identify common faults of farm tools and equipment and 2. Conduct routine
check-up of tools and equipment
What I Know

Activity 1: Jumbled Words

Directions: Arrange the jumbled words found on each item. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. LAUFT = ___________________
2. ULFIDS = ___________________
3. AMLET UIEGFAT = ___________________
4. NAMHU RROER = ___________________
5. SKCAL JWA = _______________

What’s In

Selecting the right tool for the right job is one thing, knowing a defective against a functional
tool or equipment is another. Tools and equipment are costly farm investments and as such it is
important that we can use them in their full potential by conducting regular checking and
preventive maintenance.

What’s New
Directions: List four (4) causes of faulty hand tools. Write your answer on the separate sheets of
paper.
What Is It

Checking of hand tools and equipment is part of the preventive maintenance activity. This
will help in making the tool and equipment prolong its service life but most importantly it will
provide a safe working environment for the user by preventing accidents and making them more
productive by being efficient.
In checking tools and equipment, it is important to know what to check, how to check and
why this activity should be followed religiously.

Causes of Faulty Hand Tools

The first thing that should be checked when using a tool or equipment is whether the tool is
faulty or is safe to use. The most common causes of faulty tool are as follows:

1. Manufacturer’s defect – A newly bought hand tool or equipment does not mean it is safe
to use, it can be defective sometimes. The reason for this is that the tools did not meet the
standard or the materials used are of poor quality when the tools are being produced. Some
manufacturers offer warranty for their tools but some do not. For this reason, it is important
to check the tool or equipment prior to use even if it is newly bought.
2. Metal fatigue – Although hand tools and equipment were designed to perform a specific
task, they are not indestructible. Metal fatigue is developed from overuse or by too much
imposition of force. Remember that tools and equipment have their limits too.
3. Human error – Human error is perhaps the most common reason why tools and equipment
become unserviceable. Using a wrong tool for a job is an example of human error another
is not maintaining and organizing the tools every after use. All these things boil down to
wrong habits and attitudes of the user which need to be corrected.
4. Natural wear and tear – A tool can be manufactured perfectly, used and maintained
properly but through time becomes faulty. This is because tools and equipment, especially
those with moving parts will wear naturally over time. Blades of saws for example will
become dull over time even if the saw is properly maintained and used.

Common Faults of Tools

What to check? When checking, it is important to know what to check. Below are examples of the
common faults of hand tools:

1. Cleaning tools. Wire and fiber brush must be tightly fit and securely intact on its recess.
Frayed brushes indicate overuse. Likewise, dirty rags can accumulate dust which may
affect the respiratory system.

2. Cutting tools. Overused, dulled teeth of the cutting edge of tool such as saws. Dulled
hacksaw blades should be replaced and cutting edges of saw and scissors should be
sharpened.
3. Loosening and Tightening Tools. Jaws of wrenches should be checked. A slacked jaw of
wrenches will result to slippage and/or damage of materials.
4. Measuring tools. Bent, broken or dirty measuring tool will provide a measurement that is not
accurate. Make sure that measuring tapes, rulers and calipers still have readable markings which
are very crucial in taking precise measurements.

After performing checking of tools and equipment, it is important to tag the defective ones to
inform other users that the tool is defective and is not safe to use. Never use tools that are tagged
as defective!

Preventive Maintenance of Farm Tools

Hand tools are designed for tough work however they are not indestructible.
Follow this simple guide to prolong the service life of tools:
1. Check tools regularly. Defective tools should be tagged properly or disposed.
2. Replace replaceable parts of tools if needed e.g. hacksaw blades.
3. Clean tools every after use and apply oil to moving parts and wipe oil on surfaces to prevent
rust. Do not apply oil on tool handles.
4. Always keep tools properly and well organized

Pre-operational Inspection of Irrigation Pumps

Pre-operational inspection of equipment prior to every use will reduce the chance of
equipment being operated in an unsafe condition. This makes easier to spot and deal with
maintenance issues early before they turn into a problem causing downtime, equipment damage
or expensive repairs. Unsafe machinery can also cause injury to the operator or other workers and
damage to facilities or product.

1. Begin with a visual check of the work area. Is it level or clear of obstructions and overhead
wires? Is there any evidence of fluid leaks? Are there other people in the area?

2. Walk around the equipment note any wear or damage to hoses, attachments, chains, reels,
electrical wirings, guards etc. Are there any loose or missing parts? Frayed or worn belts?

3. For pumps ran with fossil-fueled engine, check engine fluid levels including fuel, oil level
and water level if the engine running the pump has a radiator.
4. Connections on the suction pipe and pump should be filled with water. Airtight joints and
connections are important on the suction pipe.
5. Start the pump and observe for unusual noise. If unusual noise is observed turn off the pump.
Any defects observed during pre-operational check-up should be reported immediately to
authorize person.

What’s More

Activity 2.3. Column A are lists of tools used in irrigation provide the possible faults of each tool in
column B. Tool Name Possible Fault of the Tool 1. Hacksaw 2. Ruler 3. Digging bar 4. Pipe
wrench 5. Spade 6. Pipe cutter 7. Shovel 8. Vernier caliper 9. Steel tape measure 10. Scissor

What I Have Learned

Activity 2.4. True or False
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if the statement is not correct.

1. Checking of tools prevents unnecessary costs.

2. All faulty tools should be discarded.
3. Natural wear and tear of tools can be prevented by regular tool maintenance.
4. Faulty tools and equipment are still safe to use.
5. Newly purchased tools and equipment are always safe to use.
What I Can Do

Activity 2.5. Gather all your available garden tools and individually check the tools of their
condition by using the sample account of tool condition sheet below:

Assessment 1
Directions: Arrange the following in chronological order of checking the pump by assigning a
number on each statement.

______ 1. Connections on the suction pipe and pump should be filled with water. Airtight joints
and connections are important on the suction pipe.
______ 2. Visual check of the work area. Is it level or clear of obstructions and overhead wires? Is
there any evidence of fluid leaks? Are there other people in the area?
______ 3. For pumps ran with fossil-fuelled engine, check engine fluid levels including fuel, oil
level and water level if the engine running the pump has a radiator.
______ 4. Start the pump and observe for unusual noise. If unusual noise is observed turn off the
pump.
______ 5. Walk around the equipment note any wear or damage to hoses, attachments, chains,
reels, electrical wirings, guards etc. Are there any loose or missing parts? Frayed or worn belts?

Lesson 3: Irrigation Systems and Components Week 4

What I Need to Know

Irrigation is a system composed of different components. Each of these components performs a

specific task; however, collectively they have the same purpose-to deliver water required by the
crops.
At the end of this lesson you must be able to:
1. Identify components of basic irrigation system and
2. Demonstrate correct loading and unloading materials.

What I Know

Multiple
Choice Directions: Answer the following questions by selecting the letter of the best answer from
the choices below. Write the answers in your activity notebook.

1. Which of the following is not considered as an irrigation component?

A. pump C. backflow preventer
B. water source D. weather
2. All of the following should be considered when unloading irrigation materials except one. What
is it?
A. size of the item C. price of the item
B. shape of the item. D. weight of the item.
3. Loading and unloading of irrigation materials can cause which of the following injuries?
 A. head trauma C. crushing injury
B. bruises D. all of the above.
4. To prevent injuries and damage when loading and unloading irrigation materials, which of the
following should be considered before performing the task?
A. traffic C. lighting
B. hazards in the surrounding D. all of the above
5. Which of the following is not an irrigation system?
A. drip irrigation C. rainfall
B. sprinkler irrigation D. surface irrigation

What’s New

Activity 3.1.
Directions: Identify the component pointed by the arrow line. How many can you identify it?

What Is It

Irrigation Systems
There are many methods of applying water to the field. The simplest one consists of
bringing water from the source of supply, such as a well, to each plant with a bucket of water or
water can. This is a very time-consuming method and involves quite a heavy work. However, it
can be used successfully to irrigate small plots of land, such as vegetable gardens that are in a
neighborhood of a water source.

More sophisticated methods of watering are used in larger irrigation systems.

These are the three basic methods: Surface Irrigation – surface irrigation is the application
of water to the fields at ground level. Either the entire field is flooded or the water is directed into
furrows or borders.
1. Furrow irrigation
Furrows are narrow ditches dug on the field between the rows of crops. The water runs
along them as it moves down the slope of the field. The water flows from the field ditch into
the furrows by opening up the bank or dyke of the ditch, or by means of syphons or spiles.
Siphons are small curved pipes that deliver water over the ditch bank. Spiles are small
pipes buried in the ditch bank.
2. Border irrigation
In border irrigation, the field to be irrigated is divided into strips called borders or border
strips by parallel dykes or border ridges.
3. Basin Irrigation
Basins are horizontal, flat plots of land, surrounded by small dykes or bunds. Banks
prevent the water from flowing to the surrounding fields. Basin irrigation is commonly used
for rice grown on flat lands or in terraces on hillsides.
Sprinkler Irrigation – With sprinkler irrigation, artificial rain is created. The water is led to the field
through a pipe system in which the water is under pressure. The spraying is accomplished by
using sprinkler heads or spray nozzles.

Drip Irrigation – In drip irrigation, also called trickle irrigation, the water is led to the field through a
pipe system. On the field, next to the row of plants a tube is installed. At regular intervals a hole is
made in the tube and equipped with an emitter. The water is supplied slowly, drop by drop, to the
plants through these emitters. This is considered as the most efficient irrigation system.

Major Components of Irrigation Systems

Surface irrigation is the simplest of all irrigation systems. It only requires few components for it to
function however; this system is only applicable to fields where water is abundant and readily
available for irrigation use. On the other hand, sprinkler and drip irrigation need more components
for it to function. A basic irrigation system has 5 components as follows:
 1. Water source – This could be well, irrigation pond, reservoir, irrigation ditch, river etc

2. Pump – Depending on location and volume/ pressure requirements this can vary.

3. Backflow prevention – This prevents any foreign material, fertilizer or contaminants from
flowing back into the water source. The simplest form of backflow preventer is a check valve.
Check valves prevents the water in the suction hose from flowing back to the source.

4. Filter – there are varying types of filters, but all serve to remove particulates from the water that
could clog or damage the pump impellers.

5. Distribution lines – This move water from the source to the location of the application .

Loading and Unloading of Irrigation Components

Loading and unloading materials are activities which heighten the chance of workplace injuries.
Some of the most common workplace injuries related to vehicle loading and unloading includes:
1. Sprains and strains from improper handling of cargo
2. Crushing injuries caused by colliding with a forklift, truck, falls from loading docks, or falling
stock materials.
3. Bruises and cuts.
4. Spinal injuries from improper loading, unloading, falls or being crushed. 5. Head trauma from
falling cargo.

Loading and unloading cargo can be a dangerous activity. It is always a good idea to have
documentation which communicates proper procedures that keep employees safe. This simple
checklist below will help reduce the risks:

A. Ensure vehicle is stopped, braked, and stabilized before loading/unloading.

B. Loading areas should be well lit at all times.
C. Loading areas should be free from hazards.
D. Loading area should be free of traffic.
E. Ensure loads are secured and arranged before transport. F. Workers should learn proper
techniques.

Safe Lifting Refresher Think

 What is the size and shape of the item?

 How much does it weigh?
 Will you need help lifting?
 Should you utilize a lifting device?
 Is there a clear pathway to travel in?
 Know your surroundings when moving objects.
 Decide where items will be placed before lifting.
 Listen to your body, especially while moving.

Prepare

 Maintain a wide base of support

 Prepare your trunk muscles
 Maintain consistent breathing
 Awkward motions can cause multiple injuries
 Shortcuts can lead to mistakes and wasted time

Act

 Maintain a neutral back

 Keep the load close
 Turn the whole body, not the trunk
 Avoid lifting over head
 Bend your hips/knees if possible
 Take recommended rest breaks
 Focus on related assignments
 Limit unrelated multi-tasking

Vehicle loading and unloading can be hazardous, but with simple plans and procedures the risk of
injuries can be lowered substantially.

What’s More
Activity 3.2. Enumerate what is being asked in the following statements: Six Things that is included
in the checklist of loading and unloading of materials.

1.___________________________________
2.___________________________________
3.___________________________________
4.___________________________________
5.___________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 3.3.
Directions: Fill the blanks with the correct answer to complete the sentence. Write the answers in
your activity notebook.

1. Surface irrigation is the application of water to the fields at _________ level.

2. If the field being irrigated is divided into strips that system is called _______.
3. The most efficient system of irrigation is __________. In this system water is supplied next to
the row of plants though an emitter.
4. In its simplest form a check valve acts as a _______ and a backflow preventer.
5. Particulates can damage the __________ of pumps.

Activity 3.4.

Directions: Perform the proper loading and unloading materials using boxes and table as mock up
materials and vehicle. Performance Rubrics

Assessment

True or False Directions: Write the word TRUE if the statement is true and write the word FALSE if
the statement is false.

________1. The most important thing to consider when loading and unloading materials is the
price of the irrigation component.
________2. Loading and unloading of irrigation component is a hazardous activity.
________3. Multitasking is during loading and unloading should be encourage to minimize labor
cost.
________4. When loading and unloading of irrigation components it is good to ensure that the
place is well lit.
________5. The proper way of lifting heavy objects is by using your back instead of your legs.

Q3 2nd SUMMATIVE TEST

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer on your answer sheet.

1. A newly bought hand tool or equipment does not mean it is safe to use, it can be defective
sometimes. These statement refers to ________?
a. Manufacturer’s Defect c. Metal Fatigue
b. Human Error d. Natural wear and tear
2. _________ is developed from overuse or by too much imposition of force.
a. Manufacturer’s Defect c. Metal Fatigue
b. Human Error d. Natural wear and tear
3. Refers to the most common reason why tools and equipment become unserviceable.
a. Human Error c. Manufacturer’s Defect
b. Natural wear and tear d. Metal Fatigue
4. A tool can be manufactured perfectly, used and maintained properly but through time
becomes faulty. It refers to _______?
a. Human Error c. Manufacturer’s Defect
b. Natural wear and tear d. Metal Fatigue
5. Which of the following is not an irrigation system?
a. drip irrigation c. rainfall
b. sprinkler irrigation d. surface irrigation
6. To prevent injuries and damage when loading and unloading irrigation materials, which of
the following should be considered before performing the task?
a. . traffic c. lighting
b. hazards in the surrounding d. all of the above
7. Loading and unloading of irrigation materials can cause which of the following injuries?
a. head trauma c. crushing injury
b. bruises d. all of the above
8. All of the following should be considered when unloading irrigation materials except one.
What is it?
a. size of the item c. price of the item
b. bruises d. weight of the item.
9. Which of the following is not considered as an irrigation component?
a. pump c. backflow preventer
b. water source d. weather
10. What substances are applied to one surface or both surfaces of materials to be joined
together and resist their separation?
a. adhesives b. filters c. valves d. fittings
11. Which of the following is not considered as an irrigation component?
a. pump c. backflow preventer
b. water source d. weather
12. All of the following should be considered when unloading irrigation materials except one.
What is it?
a. size of the item c. price of the item
b. shape of the item. d. weight of the item.
13. Loading and unloading of irrigation materials can cause which of the following injuries?
a. head trauma c. crushing injury
b. bruises d. all of the above.
14. To prevent injuries and damage when loading and unloading irrigation materials, which of
the following should be considered before performing the task?
a. traffic c. lighting
b. hazards in the surrounding d. all of the above
15. Which of the following is not an irrigation system?
a. drip irrigation c. rainfall
b. sprinkler irrigation d. surface irrigation
16. What irrigation structure is used to divide or direct the flow of water between two or more
canals?
 a. culverts c. canal
b. division boxes d. checks
17. Which of the following protects the impeller of pumps from damage?
a. filter c. nipple
b. hoses d. pressure gauge
18. Which of the following is a water lifting device?
a. excavator c. pump
b. tractor d. all of the above.
19. What irrigation device is used to control the flow of water by partially or fully obstructing the
flow of water?
a. elbow c. reducer
b. plug and cap d. valves
20. What is the simplest of all irrigation systems?
a. Surface irrigation c. Drip Irrigation
b. Sprinkler Irrigation d. Furrow Irrigation

KEY TO CORRECTION

LESSON 2

WHAT I KONOW
WHAT’S NEW
1. FAULT
1. MANUFACTIRER’S DEFECT ASSESSMENT
2. FLUIDS
2. METAL FATIGUE
3. METAL FATIGUE Good Luck!
3. HUMAN ERROR
4. HUMAN ERROR
4. NATURAL WEAR AND TEAR
5. SLACK JAW

LESSON 3

WHAT I KNOW WHAT’S MORE

WHAT’S NEW
1. D 1. ENSURE VEHICLE TO STOP
1. WATER SOURCES
2. C 2. LIGHTING ON LOADING AREA
2. PUMP
3. D 3. HAZARDS IN THE SORROUNDING
3. DISTRIBUTION LINES
4. D 4. TRAFFIC
4. FILTER
5. C 5. LOADS ARE SECURED AND ARRAGED
6. PROPER TECHNIQUES

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. GROUND
ASSESSMENT Q3 2nd SUMMATIVE TEST
2. BORDER IRRIGATION
3. DRIP SYSTEM Good Luck! Good Luck!
4. FILTER
5. IMPELLER