0

1 OPLAN TOKHANG: IT’S EFFECTIVENESS TO DRUG SURRENDEREESIN

2 BARANGAY POBLACION, SINACABAN, MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 A Research Proposal Presented to the
11 Faculty of the Institute of Criminal Justice Education
12 Gov. Alfonso D. Tan College
13 Maloro, Tangub City
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22 In Partial Fulfillment
23 Of the Requirement for the Degree
24 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33 Honey Grace Dela Rosa
34 Brylle Wenzel Enoc
35 Phillip Matthew Dura
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45 May, 2021
 1

46 Chapter 1

47 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

48

49 Background of the Study

50 Drug addiction is not only a domestic problem but also a worldwide issue. Its

51 rapid increase from being the cause and effect of the problem is one of the main reasons

52 of the unstable and slow development of the country. Rampant consumption of illegal

53 drugs and criminal acts related to drug addiction are some of the major problems faced by

54 the Philippine society. The Drug Prevention Campaign Program is one of the programs of

55 the national and local government in fighting against the drug dependency among all the

56 levels of society. This program will be effective if the government will respond to the

57 needs of the community and if it will incorporate strong monitoring and evaluating

58 components in enforcing the campaign. Drug Prevention Campaign efforts typically

59 focus on minors - children and teens.

60 Drug Prevention Campaign in the Philippines was designed to contribute in the

61 reduction on intake of illicit drugs among all sectors of society by raising the public's

62 awareness and participation. The program is designed to educate the public of the

63 different kinds of illegal drugs and issues associated with it. The campaign commonly

64 uses primary preventive communication through advertising, public relations and

65 promotions, resource development and online communication activities. The Duterte’s

66 administration's response to the Philippines' widespread issue of illicit drug trafficking

67 and drug abuse is known as "Oplan Tokhang.". The War on Drugs and Drug abuse is an

68 issue that many people around the world are dealing with today. The War on Drugs
 2

69 movement was launched with the aim of defining and reducing the illicit drug trade as

70 well as fighting drug traffickers. The campaign was carried out with the assistance of

71 participating countries, which faced several controversies that are still being debated

72 today. The laws were enacted with the aim of lowering the amount of not only drug

73 consumption but drug addicts.

74 According to (Badal, 2016),"Oplan Tokhang" (Toktok-Hangyo), which aimed to

75 personally talk to those involved in illegal drugs convincing them to stop and surrender to

76 authorities for investigation, verification and rehabilitation, has been seen effective for

77 more and more suspected drug users and pushers are turning themselves to the police.

78 Since the said program gives chance to suspected individuals involved in illegal drugs to

79 change themselves and become one of the good citizens, arrests and killings can be

80 avoided in case they put up a fight with the authorities in the future. According to

81 Regional Prosecutor Jaime Umpa, the said campaign may greatly reduce the number of

82 drug-related cases that reach Office of Regional Prosecutor in Northern Mindanao.

83 Colina IV (2016) added that Oplan Tokhang (Toktok-Hangyo or Knock and Plead) in

84 explaining Oplan Tokhang, Dela Rosa said station commanders will ask the barangay

85 captains to submit a list of residents who are into illegal drugs pushers, dealers, users and

86 couriers. The police intelligence unit will then verify the report and check if the suspects

87 are indeed involved in drugs because there are instances that barangay captains

88 themselves are behind the illegal drug trade and list down names of their rivals. The list

89 might be added or trimmed down after validation but authorities will visit catch suspect at

90 their residence and ask them to stop from peddling or using illegal drugs in their

91 community. Since President Duterte took office 10 months ago and vowed to turn Manila
 3

92 Bay into a dumping ground for dead drug addicts and traffickers, the drug enforcement

93 agency and police have launched more than 53,000 anti-drug operations leading to the

94 arrests of users have surrendered, and officers have shot dead 2.692 suspects during anti-

95 narcotics about 65,000 suspects. According to official police figures, more than one

96 million drug raids since June 2016. Officials were also investigating about 5.700 drug-

97 related deaths (Villamor, 2017).

98 The Philippine National Police (PNP) agreed to hand over responsibility for

99 dealing with the illegal drug trade to the Philippine Drug Administration (PDEA). With

100 this, and with the help of Philippine National Police, Tangub City, this study will be

101 conceived to determine the effectiveness of Oplan Tokhang against illegal drugs.

102 The aim of this study is to address the lack of knowledge as to the effectiveness of

103 Oplan tokhang that was implemented by the Duterte administration and its effectiveness

104 to the surrenderees given to the media and the public by law enforcement agencies during

105 the Duterte administration's Oplan TokHang campaign.

106 Theoretical Framework

107 The theoretical framework that the researchers have chosen to use for this study

108 aimed to explain the implementation of oplan tokhang which is referred in this paper as

109 “Effectiveness”. The theory is as follows:

110 The concept to be introduced here is flexibility to the outside world during the

111 war on drugs campaign and rehabilitation process. There may be no absolute theory

112 regarding resilience, but it is the capacity to respond to changes occurring both internally

113 (emotions and cognitive) and externally (environment and physical). Since the

114 researchers will be studying transition, this will be included.

 4

115 The environmentalism theory of B.F Skinner and Albert Bandura can be used as

116 framework as theory in this study. The participants that was rehabilitated and faces

117 different changes. The researchers will be able to look deeper into the actual changes as

118 they observe how they incorporate themselves into the changes brought by Oplan

119 Tokhang using the environmentalism theory.

120 As the theory of (Dodes, 2013) a Training and Supervising Analyst Emeritus at

121 the boston Psychoanlytic Society and Institute) was applied. Every addictive act is

122 preceded by a feeling of overwhelming helplessness or powerlessness. The particular

123 situations or feelings that produce this helplessness are different for every people.

124 Addictive behavior reverses these underlying feeling of helplessness. The behavior is

125 able to do this because taking an addictive action (or even deciding to take this action) is

126 a way of doing something that the person expects will make him feel better, in an act that

127 is completely in his own control.

128 Hence, this action creates a sense of being empowered, of regaining control

129 against helplessness. The reversal of helplessness is the psychological function of

130 addiction.

131 The above-mentioned Lance Dodes theory on drug addiction demonstrated that when a

132 person engages in an addictive activity on a regular basis, he will develop an addiction

133 because his behavior determines it. As a result, when a person engages in that addictive

134 behavior, he experiences gratification, which makes him feel better.

135 The participants in this study had this form of addiction prior to the introduction

136 of Oplan Tokhang. As a result, an illustration is provided to demonstrate how the

137 research revolves around finding answers to the questions raised.

 5

138

139

140

141

142

143

144
OPLAN TOKHANG
145

146
DRUG SURRENDEREES
147

148

Drug usage Family relationship

149 CHANGES

150 Health Social life

151
EFFECTIVENESS
152 OF OPLAN TOKHANG

153

154

155 Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the Study

156
 6

157

158

159 Statement of the Problem

160 This study aims to determine what happened to the selected drug surrenderees in

161 Barangay Señor after the antidrug campaign was implemented.

162 Specifically, it will seek answers to the following questions in particular:

163 1. What is the profile or the participants in terms of;

164 1.1. Age;

165 1.2. Civil Status; and

166 1.3. Economic Status?

167 2. What are the changes in the lives of the drug surrenderees before and after they

168 surrendered to the authority in terms of;

169 3.1 Drug Usage;

170 3.2. Health;

171 3.3. Social life; and

172 3.4. Family relationship?

173 3. How effective is the Oplan Tokhang to the surrenderess of Barangay

174 Poblacion?

175 Significance of the study

176 The result of this study will be beneficial to the following group of individuals or

177 organizations:
 7

178 Drug Surrenderees. This study would assist drug surrenderees in realizing the

179 changes in their lives as a result of the initiative. This will hopefully

180 provide them with ideas about how to respond to the changes.

181 Barangays Officials. Similarly, authorities should be aware of the improvements

182 that drug surrenderees have experienced as a result of the anti-drug

183 campaign. This will provide them with the information that they need if

184 the campaign will be implemented once again.

185 Future Researchers. This could be used as a source of data for potential

186 researchers, with additional variables, a different location, and different

187 respondents. The knowledge gathered in this study could be used as part

188 of their research literature.

189 Scope and Limitation of the Study

190 This study is limited only in Barangay Poblacion, Sinacaban, Misamis Occidental

191 wherein the implementation of Oplan Tokhang was observed. The results of the study is

192 only applicable in the mentioned Barangay and cannot be applicable to other places in the

193 country. This research will look into the success of oplan tokhang as well as the changes

194 that occurred in the lives of the drug surrenderees after they turned themselves to the

195 authorities as part of President Rodrigo Duterte’s anti-drug campaign. The researchers are

196 only interested in changes related to their drug usage, health, and social life and family

197 relationship. The respondents of the study will be the selected drug surrenderees in

198 Barangay Poblacion. Since the researchers are dealing with a sensitive topic, they will

199 only ask the respondents’ age, civil status, and economic status as part of their profile.

200 The study’s instruments will be a survey questionnaire and face-to-face interview.
 8

201 Research Methodology

202 This section presents the researches design, research setting, research respondents,

203 research instrument and data gathering procedure that will be used in the study.

204 Research Design. The method that will be used in this study is a quantitative

205 method. As (Creswell, 2002) noted that quantitative research is the process

206 of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of a study,

207 while qualitative research is the approach to data collection, analysis, and

208 report writing differing from the traditional, quantitative approaches.

209 Quantitative means using numerical data, which is similar to the word

210 quantity. Quantitative approaches, on the other hand, rely on experiments

211 and surveys to gather observable data that can then be used in statistical

212 processes.

213 Research Settings. This study will be conducted at Barangay Poblacion,

214 Sinacaban Misamis Occidental where the implementation of Oplan

215 Tokhang was observed.

216 Research Respondents. The respondents of this study will be 30 respondents

217 from Barangay Poblacion who surrendered in the implementation of

218 Oplan Tokhang.

219 Research Instrument. The survey questionnaire about the effectiveness of Oplan

220 Tokhang will be created by the researchers. The researchers will first

221 distribute the questionnaires to respondents to assess. The questions in the

222 interview guide will be translated into the vernacular and will include

223 opening questions, key questions, and closing statements. To collect the
 9

224 critical details, the interviews will be recorded using an audio recording

225 system. The collected data will be analyzed to discover the patterns that

226 emerged from the responses of the participants.

227 Validation of Instrument. The instruments will be checked by the research

228 adviser and research editor to ensure its validity and reliability. Then,

229 before conducting an interview with the respondents, suggestions and

230 feedback will be incorporated.

231 Data Gathering Procedure. The following procedure will be performed during

232 the gathering of data:

233 1. Formulation of Instrument. The researchers will formulate guide

234 questions that will fit to the effectiveness of Oplan Tokhang. The

235 formulated questions will be improved by the researchers for the

236 respondents to understand easily.

237 2. Seeking Permission to conduct study. The researchers will secure a

238 letter of permission from the Institute of Criminal Justice Education to

239 permit the researchers to conduct the study. This will be noted by the Dean

240 of Institute of Criminal Justice Education and Thesis Adviser.

241 3. Distribution of Questionnaires. The questionnaire will be distributed by

242 the researcher to the students who acted as respondents. Each query will

243 be clarified and interpreted to the respondents so that they could

244 understand it easily.

245 4. Recovering of research instrument. The questionnaire will be

246 distributed and retrieved by the researchers themselves.

 10

247 5. Collection and Processing. The researchers will evaluate all the data and

248 submit to the statistician to for statistical treatment.

249 Data analysis. The data collected from the field are both qualitative and

250 quantitative but much of it was qualitative. The collected data will be

251 analyzed using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). It will be

252 presented in pie charts, bar charts and graphs.

253 Definition of Terms

254 Changes in lives. This refers to the things that have made a difference after the

255 person surrendered.

256 Drug Surrenderees. The drug personalities who surrendered to the authorities

257 during the implementation of the Oplan Tokhang.

258 Drug trafficking. It is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture,

259 distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition

260 laws.

261 Oplan Tokhang. It is derived from a Cebuano word “Toktok-Hangyo” which

262 means “knock and plead (make a polite request to surrender or stop using

263 drugs).”

264 Rehabilitation. It is the process of returning to a healthy or good way of life, or

265 the process of helping someone to do this after they have been in prison,

266 been very sick, etc.

267 War on Drugs. This refers to the anti-drug campaign of the Philippines to

268 eliminate drugs out of the country.

269
 11

270

271

272
273

274 REFERENCES
275
276 Badal J. (2016). “Oplan Tokhan to Greatly Reduce Number of Drug-Related Cases
277 Reaching Prosecution”. Retrieved April 23, 2021 from
278 http://aboutcagayandeoro.Com/oplan-tokhang-drug-cases-prosecution/
279
280
281 B.F Skinner and Albert Bandura. “Environmentalism theory”. Retrieved May 10, 2021”.
282 https://geniuschildhood.weebly.com/environmentalist-theory.html.
283
284
285 Colina A. IV (2016). “Incoming PNP chief optimistic about Oplan Tokhang’s nationwide
286 implementation. Retrieved April 21, 2021 from http://www.mindanews.com/top
287 stories/2016/06/incoming-pnp-chief-optimistic-about-oplan-tokhangs
288
289
290 Felipe Villamor (2017). “Philippines Defends Deadly Crackdown on illegal Drugs Benar
291 News”. Retrieved April 20, 2021 from
292 www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/drug War05022017125804.htm
293
294
295 John Watson, et al. “Environmentalist Theory” Retrieve May 1, 2021 from
296 https://geniuschildhood.weebly.com/environmentalist-theory.html
297
298
299 Lance Dodes, MD, (2013). “The Psychology of Addiction”. Retrieved May 10,2021
300 https://www.thesoberworld.com/2013/11/01/the-psychology-of-addiction/
301
302
303 Pajarillo, M.J (2016). A Case Study on Project Double Barrel in the Municipality of
304 Rosario, La Union. Retrieved April 25, 2021
305 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/case-study-pnp-project-double-barrel
306 municipality-la-union-pajarillo
307
308
309 Ranada, P. (2016). “A look at the state of crime, drugs in the Philippines”. Retrieved
310 April 19, 2021 from http://www.rappler.com/nation/118004-crime-drugs-
311 philippines
 12

312
313
314 Research Methods. Retrieved April 30, 2021 https://www.google.com/url?
315 sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JBER/article/
316 download/
317 2532/2578/0&ved=2ahUKEwiglLOJ29TwAhWKxosBHdH1BEgQFjABegQIBB
318 AG&usg=AOvVaw3wQs8rdkmcekr2XpP2PH3q
319
320
321 Sambalu M. (2017). “Oplan Tokhang, EJKs and the PHL’s bloody war on illegal
322 drugs”. Retrieved April 19, 2021 from
323 http://davaotoday.com/main/headline/oplan tokhang-ejks and-the-phis-bloody-
324 war-on-illegal-drugs/
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
 13

358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368 Gov. Alfonso D. Tan College
369 Maloro, Tangub City
370
371 OPLAN TOKHANG: IT’S EFFECTIVENESS TO DRUG SURRENDEREESIN
372 BARANGAY POBLACION, SINACABAN, MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
373
374 Questionnaire
375 Name (OPTIONAL): _______________________________________
376

377 1. Demographic profile of the respondents

378 Age:
379 . 17 or less
380 18-25
381 26-35
382 36-45
383 46-55
384 56-65
385 66-75
386 76 or more
387
388 2. Gender
389 Male Female
390
391 3. Civil Status
392 Single Married Separated Divorced Widowed
393
394 4. This part will show the life of the Surrenderees before and the changes on their
395 life particularly in drug use, health, Family Relationship and social life after they
396 surrendered to Oplan tokhang program.
397
398 Please rate every question according to your experience.
399
400 Legends:
401
 14

402 5- Very often 4- Often 3- Occasional 2- Rare 1- Not Doing

403
404 Before Oplan Tokhang
405

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
Drug use
1. How often do you take or use illegal drugs?
2. In a week, how often do you take or use illegal
drugs?

Health
1. How often do you engage in physical activities
such as sports?
2. How often do you eat nutritious foods?
3. How often do get sick?
Family Relationship
1. Talking to you’re family members
2. Spending time or bonding with you’re family
3. How often des your family supports you?
Social life
1. How often do you go outside to take a walk and
relax?
2. Keep in touch with your friends and family
3. Bonding with your friends
4. Communicating with your friends and family
5. Talking to your neighbors
6. Engage in social activities such as church
gatherings, occasional events and etc.
406
407 After Oplan Tokhang
408
Drug use
1. How often do you take or use illegal drugs?
2. In a week, how often do you take or use illegal
drugs?
Health
1. How often do you engage in physical activities
such as sports?
2. How often do you take nutritious foods such as
fruits and vegetables?
3. How often do you get sick?
Family Relationship
1. Talking to your family
2. Spending time and bonding with your family
3. How often does your family supports you?
 15

Social life
1. How often do you go outside to take a walk and
relax?
2. Keep in touch with your friends and family.
3. Bonding with your friends and family
4. Communicating with your friends and family
5. Talking to your neighbors
6. Engage in social activities such as church
gatherings, occasional events and etc.
409