Level 4 Lesson Notes (July 5, 2022)

GRAMMAR: used to AND would

We use “used to (do)” and “would (do)” to talk about a regular activity
in the past or something that was different in the past compared to
now. Be careful with “would”: only use it AFTER you talk about the
past.
George said, “I used to live in Japan.” (I live in Canada now.)
George said, “When I lived in Japan, I would eat katsudon every week
and I would drink gogo no koucha every day.” (regular activity in the
past)
The negative form is “didn’t use to (do)” and “wouldn’t (do)”. We also
sometimes say “never used to (do)” for “didn’t use to (do)”.
George said, “I didn’t use to/I never used to work as a teacher when I
was much younger.”
George said, “We wouldn’t go out to play if it was raining.”
The question form is “Did you/they/she/he use to (do)…?”.
Did you use to go swimming when you were a child?
Hina said, “No, I didn’t.”
Johan said, “Yes, I did.”
For questions about the past, we usually use the simple past:
Did you go swimming when you were a child?
Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
Pronunciation: used to useto /yustu/
Unit 4 Lesson1: Used to AND Would
A.
2. In the past, friends used to write/would write letters. Now they
send texts.
3. Everyone has cell phones these days. But remember when people
would have/used to have a phone on the wall?
4. My mother used to shop in stores. She buys everything online now.
5. My father used to own a typewriter. Now he uses a computer.
6. My grandmother didn’t use to get on/never used to get on social
media. But she uses it every day now.
B.
2. A: Remember when people would go to/used to go to the bank in
person?
B: I know! Now it’s so easy to bank online.
3. A: How did you use to stay in touch with your friends in school?
B: We used to call/would call each other. Now we only text.
4. A: Do you use social media?
B: I used to post on social media a lot, but I stopped.
5. A: Do you talk to your family in India?
B: We video chat a lot. But when I was young, we wouldn’t
talk/never used to/didn’t use to talk so often.
6. A: I didn’t know your sister was a writer!
 B: Yes. In college, she used to write/would write for magazines.
Today she writes a blog.
C.
1. Man: Did you get a new computer?
Woman: Sure did. (Yes, I definitely did.) I used to have a desktop
computer, but my new one is a laptop.
2. Woman: Oh, you got a birthday card. A real card. I used to send
cards in the mail. But these days I just post birthday messages on social
media.
3. I used to only see them on video chat. But now they live here. So, I
see them every weekend.
4. He’s a writer. He writes stories. When he started about five years
ago, he would post stories on his personal website. But now he has a
job writing for an online magazine.

How was life different in the past in Paris?

There were no cars, so people used to ride in horse carriages.
Women used to wear long dresses and carry parasols.
Men used to wear hats and dark suits.
There was no concrete or asphalt on the streets. There never used to
be any lanes or markings on the streets.
People used to use horse carriages for public transportation.
A few people used to ride bicycles, but not many.
Fire engines used to be pulled by horses.
Some people used to pull wagons by themselves.
Children used to play with toy boats in water fountains.
Children used to wear suits when they were playing in the park.
People used to ride on a moving sidewalk for fun.

How has your life changed compared to five years ago?

George said, “I used to live with my mother, but now she lives in a
nursing home. I used to have lots of books, CDs and vinyl records, but I
sold many of them to make space in my room. I never used to have a
smartphone, but I bought one a year and a half ago. But I never use it. I
used to weigh about 86 kilograms, but I decided to lose weight last year
and now I weigh about 77 kilograms.”
Hina used to play soccer on her high school team.
Junbeom used to wear a uniform in high school.
Paulinha used to work in a psychologist’s consulting office, but now she
works online.
Paula said she used to live in Santa Catalina, but now she lives here in
Toronto.
Kana used to have short hair in high school and she used to live in
Fukuoka, but now she lives in Toronto.
Nene used to play soft tennis.
Tomoka used to have a curfew, but now she can stay out late.
PRONUNCIATION: “used to”  /yustu/ OR /yustə/
We use blending to put sounds together and make it easier to
pronounce words:
“use”  /yuz/ : Tablets are easy to use  /yuz/.
“used”  /yuzd/ : I used  /yuzd/ one in school.
“used to”  /yustə/ : I used to  /yustə/ play soccer.
BUT at the end of a sentence or a phrase the “to” in “used to” can have
a clear sound:
I don’t play soccer now, but I used to.  /yustu/
If “used to” is NOT at the end of a sentence or phrase, then we
pronounce it /yustə/ :
I used to  /yustə/ write a blog.

Also, “use to” in negative sentences and questions is pronounced the

same as “used to” in affirmative sentences:
I used to  /yustə/ drink soda. I didn’t use to  /yustə/ drink coffee.
B.
1. I didn’t use to  /yustə/ ride my bike to school. YES
2. I have a camera, but I never use  /yuz/ it. NO
3. I used to  /yustə/ buy a newspaper every day. YES
4. I used to  /yustə/ work in an office. YES
5. I used  /yuzd/ a computer at school. NO
6. I used to  /yustə/ call my parents once a week. YES

CONVERSATION:
If one of your brothers or sisters has a daughter, then she is your niece.
If it’s a boy, then he is your nephew.
A.
Flavio forgot his phone today.
Jim hates shopping in stores.
Flavio stays in touch with his friends more easily now.
Jim video chats with his niece in Taipei.
Jim said, “You seem lost in thought.” (thinking to yourself, looking off in
space not doing anything)
Flavio said, “I forgot my phone today, so I feel a little lost.) (doesn’t
know what to do in a situation)
Flavio said, “We work online, we bank online, we shop online.”
Jim said, “I hate shopping in stores. I just go online, choose what I want,
pay and someone delivers it. (He snaps his fingers.) Done.”
Flavio said, “I message my friends all the time.” (to send messages)
George said, “I emailed my friend last night.) (I sent an email to my
friend last night.)
Jim said, “She calls me whenever she gets her hands on my phone.”
(gets or uses)
Flavio said, “Kids, they’re so good with technology.” (They know how to
use technology very well.)
Jim said, “He was pocket-dialing me all that time.” (to phone somebody
by accident because you have your smartphone in your pocket)
B.
I was thinking about what we used to do before all this technology.
Before social media, I would stay in touch with my friends much less
frequently.
LESSON 2 TALK ABOUT WHAT YOU LIKE
VOCABULARY:
A.
Movies:
Science fiction or sci-fi movies are usually about the future and
traveling through outer space.
Comedy movies or comedies are designed to make people laugh.
Suspense movies usually try to make the audience feel anxious and
excited.
Action movies or adventure movies move very quickly and have a lot
of things happening at once.
What kind of movies do you like?
Nene said, “I like suspense movies like The Joker.”
Paula said, “I like science fiction movies like Star Wars.”
Music:
I think the best rock music came from the late sixties.
Pop music sounds much lighter than rock music.
Hip hop or rap started in New York in the late 1970s.
Jazz became popular in the US in the 1920s.
What kind of music do you like?
Junbeom said, “I like pop, rock and jazz.”
Do you like classical music?
Paulinha said, “Yes, I like it.”
Do you like music in your country?
Paula said, “Yes, I like listening to Brazilian funk at parties.”
Nobody likes enka music.
George said, “There’s a Korean woman who plays modern rock music
on a gayaguem and I really like her style.”
Art: Are you interested in painting, dance, sculpture or photography?
Junbeom said, “Yes, I’m interested in modern painting. I like David
Hockney’s paintings, like A Bigger Splash.”
Paulinha said, “I like Romero Britto’s paintings.”
Hina said, “I like Osamu Harada’s paintings.”
GRAMMAR:
So: Sara loves rock music. So do I./Me too. (I love rock music too.)
I went to Mexico last year. So did she./Her too. (She went to Mexico
too.)
Neither: I don’t like enka music. Neither do they.
They don’t like enka either.
She didn’t call you. Neither did we.
 We didn’t call either.
I don’t like enka music. Me neither. (I don’t like it either.)