PROJECT REPORT

ON

‘STUDY OF PROJECT OF DOORDARSHAN’S

DTH EXPANSION FROM 59 TO 97 CHANNELS’

Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Post Graduate Diploma in Broadcast Technology.

Submitted By Under the guidance of

Zubair Ahmed Prof. M. Kasim
Zeeshan Rehman Mr. K.R. Tahiliani

A.J.K. Mass Communication Research Centre

Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025
(Session: 2013-14)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Zubair Ahmed and Zeeshan Rehman has

carried out this project work entitled ‘Study of project of
Doordarshan’s DTH expansion from 59 to 97 channels’ as a
partial requirement for the award of Post Graduate Diploma in
Broadcast Technology by AJK Mass Communication Research
Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi and is a bonafide work
carried out by them under our supervision and guidance during
the academic session 2013-2014.

Mr. K.R Tahiliani. Prof. Mr. Kasim

(Course Coordinator) (Course Head)

A.J.K MCRC JAMIA MILLIA A.J.K MCRC JAMIA MILLIA

ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI. ISLAMIA NEW DELHI.
 ABSTRACT

DTH satellite television is becoming a buzzword in the satellite broadcast industry due to the
fact that DTH offers immense opportunities to both broadcasters and viewers. Thanks to the
rapid development of digital technology, DTH broadcast operators worldwide have been able to
introduce a large number of new interactive applications in the television market besides a
large number of entertainment programmes over a single delivery platform. In addition, since
digital technology permits a highly efficient exploitation of the frequency spectrum, the number
of TV channels that can be broadcast using digital technology is significantly higher than with
analogue technology. This project covers case study of Doordarshan’s DTH ‘DD Direct Plus’
expansion project from 59 to 97 channels. DTH introduction and current scenario in India has
also been covered here. Currently Doordarshan is up-linking 59 SD channels in free to air mode
and the project envisages to expand it to 96 SD channels and 1 HD channel in free to air mode.

This project also includes current DTH set up of Doordarshan Todapur earth station and new set
up details of Ku band transmission.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are highly indebted to our supervisor Prof. M.Kasim and

Mr. K.R.Tahiliani for his supervision, guidance and generous support
that were solely instrumental in getting the work completed.

We are also grateful to Prof. Obaid Siddiqui (Director) and the technical
staff of AJK MCRC who have helped us in providing the equipment
facilities and necessary support to complete the project work.

SUBMITTED BY:-
ZUBAIR AHMED
ZEESHAN RAHMAN
SNO. TOPICS PAGE
NO.
1 Introduction

1.1 DTH Technology

1.2 Major parts of DTH

1.3 Current scenario of DTH in India

2 Doordarshan’s existing DTH set up

2.1 Facilities at DTH Todapur Earth station

2.2 Antenna and receive system

2.3 Baseband and compression system

2.4 Monitoring system

2.5 RF and AUPC System

3 DTH expansion project from 59 to 97 channels

3.1 Need for expansion

3.2 Scope of the project

3.3 Project planning and aspects

3.4 Consumer satisfaction and requirement

3.5

4 Specifications for DTH expansion

4.1 Receive system

4.2 Baseband and compression system

CONTENTS
 CONTENTS

SNO. TOPICS PAGE

NO.
4.3 Monitoring system

4.4 RF system

4.5 Measurement system

4.6 UPS system
4.7 Air-conditioning system
4.8 Physical, environmental and mechanical specifications
5 Conclusions
5.1

5.2
6
7
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO DTH

1.1- DTH.

DTH service is the one in which a large number of channels are digitally compressed, encrypted
and beamed from very high power satellites. The programmes can be directly received at
homes. This mode of reception facilitates the use of small receive dish antennas of 60 to 90 cm
diameter installed at convenient location in individual buildings without needing elaborate
foundation /space etc. Also, DTH transmission eliminates local cable operator completely, since
an individual user is directly connected to the service providers. However, a digital receiver is
needed to receive the multiplexed signals and view them on a TV. DTH, in sharp contrast to
Cable TV, lends itself to easy monitoring and control. Transmission in Ku band is most
appropriate and widely used for the purpose. As mentioned above, all the encoded
transmission signals are digital - thus providing higher resolution picture quality and better
audio than traditional analog signals. All the advantages of the digital transmission, as
applicable to the terrestrial transmission are relevant in the satellite transmission also.
1.2- Major parts of DTH.

SATELLITE

EARTH STATION RECEIVE PDA, LNBF AND RF CABLE SET TOP BOX AND TV

DTH system comprises of following parts:-

 Earth station
 Satellite.
 Downlink Dish antenna (PDA).
 LNBF.
 RF cable.
 Set top box.

EARTH STATION

Earth station is the place from where signals are beamed or uplinked to Satellite. It has facility
to get the baseband signals from studio or from any other source via OFC or Satellite or
microwave link and then processing of these source signals take place. Processing of signals
includes, monitoring, compression, CAS insertion, multiplexing, up conversion, modulation,
codings, and transmission over air via PDA followed by amplification. These processings has
been done as per some defined standards. Standard defined by ITU (International
Telecommunication Union) for DTH are DVB-S and DVB S-2.

SATELLITE

Satellite used for DTH operations are Geostationary satellites that are parked on the dedicated
slots from where it could cover required geographical area. Foot prints of satellite are available
on the large geographical area and can cater large population. Satellite consists of transponder
which receives signal from earth station and amplifies, converts frequency and sends the signal
to earth where it has footprints. The uplink frequency is kept more than downlink frequency to
reduce interference and due to power issues in satellite. Satellites used for India are NSS-6,
INSAT 4B, INSAT 3A etc.

RECEIVE DISH ANTENNA

Parabolic dish antennas (PDAs) of diameter around 0.6 to 0.9 meters are used in DTH. This is
the big advantage of DTH because this size is very small and sufficient to receive the signal from
satellite .This is because DTH operates in Ku band i.e. from 11 GHz to 18 GHz frequency range.
PDA is basically a parabolic reflector which focuses the beam of received signal at LNBF. This
PDA is light weight can be mounted on the suitable location at home.

LNBF

LNBF or low noise block filter amplifies the signal without introducing any noise coming from
satellite which is very weak of the order of -120 dB. It also converts downlink frequency into L
band frequency range i.e. from 950 MHz to 2150 MHz and transfer this L band signal to Set top
box via coaxial cable. This frequency conversion is done because RF cable and IRD or Set top
box does not work on microwave frequencies and signal can not be processed. LNBF requires
external DC power supply of 12V or 18V to operate.

SET TOP BOX

Finally signal arrives at the input of Set top box via RF cable which decodes the signal because
the signal is in digital form and after demodulation it makes the signal available at output
audio/ video ports of the set top box. It also descrambles the signal if CAS (conditional access
system) is enabled.

1.3 Current scenario of DTH in India

DTH services first proposed in India in 1996 but did not get the approval because there were
concerns over national security and a cultural invasion. In 1997, the government even imposed
a ban when the Rupert Murdoch-owned Indian Sky Broadcasting (ISkyB) was about to launch its
DTH services in India. Finally in 2000, DTH was allowed. The new policy requires all operators to
set up earth stations in India within 12 months of getting license. DTH license in India costs
around $1.14 million and validity for 10 years. The companies offering DTH service will have to
have an Indian chief and foreign equity has been capped at 49 percent. There is no limit on the
number of companies that can apply for the DTH license.

Media partners Asia (MPA) , independent providers of information services focusing on media ,
communication & entertainment industries said that active DTH subscriber base estimated to
grow from 32.4 million in 2012 to 63.8 million by 2017 & 76.6 million by 2020. Major DTH
service providers in India are Dish TV, Airtel, Reliance, TATA Sky, Sun TV, Videocon and DD
Direct+. Indian DTH subscribers are increasing day by day. The Indian DTH industry is estimated
to have clocked a receive of about 1.5 billion USD in 2012.