P A R O L E

S I G N
O P P O S I T I O N
C U L T U R E
 Structuralism
Structuralism is a term which refers to the
relationships between the elements in language,
literature, and other fields in which linguistic, social, or
cultural structures are built within a particular person,
system, or culture.
 Father of Linguistics
He was the founding figure of
modern linguistics, made his mark
on the field with a book he
published a month after his 21st
birthday, in which he proposed a
radical rethinking of the original
system of vowels in Proto-Indo-
European.
 Tenets of
Structuralism
 Sign
Sign is any word you may see in English
language.

Is the mental concept Is a marker (word)

 Sign

There is no fixed meaning attached to the word.

 2. Arbitrary Relationship between
signified and signifier
The meaning of the word is culturally constructed.
 3. Binary Relationship Between
Words
Signs gain their meaning from their relationships
and contrasts with other signs
 4. Basic Elements/Structure

01 Elements of Poetry/
Short Story 02 Figures of Speech
Simile
Lines Setting
Character Metaphor
Stanzas
Point of View Personification
Rhyme
Theme Irony
Rhyme Scheme
Plot Hyperbole
Rhythm
Euphemism
Meter
Sound Devices
 Sonnet 18
is one of the best-known
of the 154 sonnets
written by the English
playwright and poet
William Shakespeare.
Summary of Sonnet 18
 Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? A
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: B
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A
B
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, C
And often is his gold complexion dimmed; D
And every fair from fair sometime declines, C
D
By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade, E
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; F
E
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade F
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, G
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. G
 1. What patterns in the text reveal
its similarities to other texts?

All sonnets of William Shakespeare

have the same pattern such as the kind
of poem, rhyme scheme and rhythm.
2. What binary oppositions operate in
the texts?

1. Life/Death 4. Temporary/eternal
2. Hot/cold 5. Summer/Spring
3. Bright/dark
3. What are the imagery used in the
poem?

Visual and tactile

4. What type of poetry was used by
the poet?

The poet used Shakespearean

sonnet.
5. How many lines does the poem
have?

The poem consisted of 14 lines.

6. What rhyme scheme was used in
the poem, Sonnet 18?

ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.

7. How many syllables does the poem
have?

The poem has 10 syllables in each

line.
8. What is the iambic pentameter of
Sonnet 18?
 9. What figures of speech were
presented?

Shakespeare employs the use of metaphor, imagery, personification,

hyperbole, and repetition as literary devices in "Sonnet 18"
10. What is the theme in the poem?

Love & Nature: Nature fades/beauty

fades, but art is forever.
 Main Task
Look for the binary opposition in
the story entitled “Ballad of a
Mother’s Heart” by Jose La Villa.
 Extended Task
Analyze the structure of the poem
entitled “The Arrow and the Song” by
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, then
compare its structure to Sonnet 18.