 How have you experienced

globalization?
 Avoid parochialism

 World teaches us more about our society

 Filipinos increasingly interacting with the

world
› OFW 4,018 Filipinos per day in 2009, 6,092 in
2015
› Internet, cheaper travel, presence of MNCs
 Globalization: inherently interdisciplinary

 See contemporary world through a broad

lens –in different lenses

 Allows us to examine various globalizing

processes

 Forces us to ask questions re. global

citizenship
 As opposed to popular/activist
definition:

 Not “neoliberal globalization”/ “market

globalism”
› We need to transcend to disciplinary
boundaries… Otherwise, we won’t talk!
 Political scientist: “Challenge to the
nation state.”
› Emergence of corporations
(http://www.businessinsider.com/25-
corporations-bigger-tan-countries-2011-
6#walmart-is-bigger-than-norway-25)
› Strength of regional blocks
› Emergence of global political norms
 Increased free trade
 Speed of trade (HFT – milliseconds to
trade shares)
 Global economic organizations
 Regional economic blocs
 “Global village”
 Communications technology as
“shrinking” our world
 “Cultural imperialism”
 Working definition of globalization:

Steger: “Globalization refers to the

expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world-
time and world-space”
 They are diverse (can be economic,
political, cultural, etc.)

 They are enabled by various factors,

pressures, media, etc.

 They are uneven (different degrees of

interconnection)
 1. NGOs
 2. Friendships/Relationships
 3. Government associations
 4. MNCs
 1. From snail mail to Facebook
 2. Live television
 3. Increased travel (cheap flights)
 1. We think about the world
(#PrayforParis for example)
 2. We associate ourselves with global
trends (fan of K-Pop)
 3. Hopefully, we feel some sense of
responsibility (climate change)
 THIS PROCESS IS UNEVEN
 The different forms of connectivity and
flows are different facets of globalization

 Different “globalities” represent different

forms of globalization – Flusty (2004)

 Depending on the globality, you see a

different dynamic
 DEFINE ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

UNDERSTAND THE ACTORS THAT

FACILITATE ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

ARTICULATE A STANCE ON GLOBAL

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Careful management of
available resources

A system of making
and trading value
 FOUR
FACTORS OF
PRODUCTION
Physical Space
and Natural
Resources
Workers
Money and
Equipment
Ideas and Drive
 LOCAL
ECONOMY
Refers to market
and networking
systems that are
part of a specific
community
 GLOBAL
ECONOMY
 Refers to the
interconnected
worldwide economic
activities that take
place between
multiple countries.
 REFERS TO THE MOBILITY OF PEOPLE,
CAPITAL, TECHNOLOGY, GOODS AND
SERVICES INTERNATIONALLY. IT IS ALSO
ABOUT HOW INTEGRATED COUNTRIES
ARE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.

IT REFERS TO HOW INTERDEPENDENT

DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND REGIONS
HAVE BECOME ACROSS THE WORLD.
“ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION REFERS TO
THE INCREASING INTERDEPENDENCE OF
WORLD ECONOMIES AS A RESULT OF THE
GROWING SCALE OF CROSS-BORDER
TRADE OF COMMODITIES AND SERVICES,
FLOW OF INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL AND
WIDE AND RAPID SPREAD OF
TECHNOLOGIES.”
- UN -
►TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATION
►THE STAATE
►LABOUR
►CONSUMERS
►REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS
►SOCIAL GROUPS
Any corporation that
is registered and
operates in more
than one country at
a time; also called a
multinational
corporation
 TNCS INVESTS IN OTHER
COUNTRIES BY BUYING
FACTORIES OR SHOPS, THIS
IS CALLED INWARD
INVESTMENT.
 MCDONALD'S IS AN
EXAMPLE OF A TYPICAL
TNC IN THE SERVICE
OPERATION (TERTIARY
SECTOR).
GLOBALIZATION, SINCE
THE BREXIT AND
TRUMP SHOCKS OF
2016, HAS BEEN
SHAPED BY A TUG OF
WAR BETWEEN
ECONOMIC
FUNDAMENTALS AND
POLICY THREATS.
THE ROLE OF THE NATION-STATE IN A
GLOBAL WORLD IS LARGELY A
REGULATORY ONE AS THE CHIEF
FACTOR IN GLOBAL
INTERDEPENDENCE.

STATES THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY

ISOLATED ARE NOW FORCED TO
ENGAGE WITH ONE ANOTHER TO SET
INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE POLICIES.
 MARKETS FROM ACROSS
THE WORLD ARE NOW
CONNECTED TO ONE
ANOTHER
THROUGH GLOBALIZATION.
ONE OF THE
EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATI
ON IS THE
MIGRATION
OF LABOR
FORCES.
THE CHANGE IN
THE GLOBAL
REGULATION OF
ECONOMY IS
EVIDENT AND
APPARENT.
 REGULATORY
GLOBALIZATION IS THE
PROCESS BY WHICH
REGULATORY AGENCIES
EXTEND THEIR REACH
INTERNATIONALLY.
SOCIAL GLOBALIZATION IS A
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
OR PROCESSES LEADING TO
THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PEOPLE-CENTERED
DEVELOPMENT.
Identify the Global Economic
Organizations

What benefits does the

Philippines get from these
organizations?

What is the participation of the

Philippines in these
organizations?
 GLOBAL
INTERSTATE
SYSTEM
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Defining State and Interstate System

Determine the effects of Globalization on

Governments

Identify the purpose of the various

institutions that govern globalization
 DEFINING “STATE”
“states are independent political
communities each of which
possesses a government and asserts
sovereignty in relation to a
particular portion of the earth’s
surface and a particular segment of
the human population” (Hedley
Bull)
 DEFINING “INTERSTATE”
“a system of unequally powerful and
competing states in which no single
state is capable of imposing control on
all others. These states are in interaction
with one another in a set of shifting
alliance and wars and changes in a
relative power of states upsets any
temporary sets of alliances, leading to
restructuring of balance of power”
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO THE
GOVERNMENT

PROPERTY VALUES
JOBS AND
OPPORTUNITIES
COMMUNITY
EXPOSURE
 THE REALITY
As the world becomes more
interconnected through politics, trade
and communications, the role of the
states and governments are also shifting.
Thus, national and local policies are not
only based on the local context but also
international and global realities.
 POSITIVE

It helps to resolve
borderless
challenges
 NEGATIVE
A local government would like to attract major global
investors in their community by setting up for instance
manufacturing firm in their area. This could generate
more jobs for local people and generate income for local
businesses.
However, it will entail covert tracks of agricultural lands
into industrial zones. Farmers will be displaced and
agricultural production of the area will be affected.
Global Corporation is also demanding lower taxes and
lower income wage in order to finalize their investment
in the area.
INSTITUTIONS THAT
GOVERN
GLOBALIZATION
 UNITED NATIONS
United States President Franklin Roosevelt coined
the name UNITED NATIONS that was used in the
Declaration of UNITED NATIONS of January 1,1942
Only 26 nations representatives pledge their
governments:
 1. Each Government pledges itself to employ its full
resources, military or economic. Against those members
of Triparted Pact and its adherents with such
government is at war
 2.Each Government pledges itself to cooperate with
Government signatory hereto and not to make a
separate armistice or peace with the enemies.
 REGIONAL COMMISSIONS
Regional Commissions are a group of officials in
different countries that instruct, debate and in
charged in making a certain law, rights etch. To
develop the economy and social, Human Rights and
Science and Technology
 ECA- Economic Commission for Africa
 ECE- Economic Commission for Europe
 ECLAC- Economic Commission for Latin American
and the Caribbean
 ESCAP-Economic and Social Commission for Asia
and the Pacific
 ESCWA-Economic and Social Commission for
Western Asia
 World Bank
The international financial institution
that provides loans to countries of the
world for capital projects.
It is an international financial
institution that provides interest-free
loans and grants to the governments of
poorer countries for the purpose of
pursuing capital projects.
It was established by the United Nations
Monetary and Financial Conference or
the Bretton Woods Conference
World Bank
Group
 International Bank Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)

Offers loans to
middle-income
countries to
develop and
improve their
economy
International Development Association (IDA)

Provide loans and

grants programs
that boost economic
growth, reduce
inequalities and
improve people’s
living condition
 International Finance
Corporation (IFC)

Providing loans for

private sectors in
developing
countries to create
markets that open
up opportunities
for all
 Multilateral Investment Guarantee
Agency (MIGA)

To promote foreign
direct investment (FDI)
into developing
countries to help
support economic,
growth, reduce poverty,
and improve people’s
lives.
 International Centre for Settlement of Investment
Disputes (ICSID)

Administered the
majority of all
international
investment cases.
It is the forum for
investor in most of
international
investment treaties and
in numerous investment
laws and contracts.
 International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Ensure the stability of the
international monetary
system. It does so in
three ways: keeping track
of the global economy
and the economies of
member countries;
lending to countries with
balance of payments
difficulties; and giving
practical help to
members
 World Trade
Organization (WTO)

Regulates International
Trades
Deals with the rule of trade
between nations
Ensures the trade will flows
smoothly predictably
Acts as forum in negotiation
trade agreements
 Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD)
Consist of 35 member
countries
Stimulate economic progress
and world trade
Providing a platform to
compare policy experiences,
seeking answers to common
problems, identify good
practices and coordinate
domestic and international
policies of its members
 International Labour Organization

A United Nation
Agency dealing with
Labor problems,
particularly
international labor
standards, social
protection, and work
opportunities for all
 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nation (FAO)
A specialized agency of the United Nations
that leads international efforts to defeat
hunger
Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and
malnutrition
Reduce rural poverty
Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries
more production and sustainable
Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and
food system
Increase the resilience of livelihoods to
threats and crises
 United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
To contribute to peace and
security by promoting
international collaboration
through educational,
scientific, and cultural
reforms in order to increase
universal respect for
justice, the rule of Law and
Human rights along with
fundamental freedom
 World Health Organization
Building a better, healthier future
for people all over the world
Concern about public health
Prime concern is to eradicate and
combat dangerous diseases like
AIDS/HIVS
Make researches in medicines and
vaccines to eliminate diseases,
and development of nutrition
foods
Responsible for World Health
Survey and Report
International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO)

To foster the planning

and development of
international air
transport so as to
ensure the safe and
orderly growth of
international civil
aviation throughout
the world
 International Maritime
Organization (IMO)

Responsibility
for the safety
and security of
shipping and the
prevention of
maritime
pollution by
ships
International Telecommunication
Union (ITU)
Connecting all the world’s
people
Allocate global radio
spectrum and satellite orbits.
Develop the technical
standards that ensure
networks and technologies
seamlessly interconnect, and
strive to improve access to
ICTs to underserved
communities worldwide
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
Ensure a truly universal
network of up-to-date
products and services
Sets the rules for
international mail
exchanges and makes
recommendations to
stimulate growth in mail,
parcel and financial services
volumes and improve
quality of service for
customers
 World Meteorological Organization
(WMO)
A specialized agency of the
UNITED NATION for
meteorology (Weather and
Climate) operational hydrology
and related geophysical sciences.
The UN system’s authoritative
voice on the state and behavior
of the Earth’s atmosphere. Its
interaction with the oceans, the
climate it produces and the
resulting distribution if water
resources.
 World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO)
Intellectual property (IP) refers to
creation of the mind, such as
inventions literary and artistic
works, designs and symbols names
and images used in commerce e.g
patients, copyrights and
trademarks
Lead the development of a
balanced and effective
international intellectual property
(IP) system that enables
innovation and creativity for the
benefit for all
International Fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD)

Invest in rural people

empowering them to
increase their food security,
improve the nutrition of
their families and increase
their incomes. Building
resilience expand their
businesses and take charge
of their own development
United Nation Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO)
The specialized
agency of the UNITED
NATION that
promotes industrial
development for
poverty reduction,
inclusive globalization
and environmental
sustainability.
 World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO)
Responsible for the promotion
of responsible, sustainable and
universally accessible tourism
Leading international
organization in the field of
tourism, which promotes
tourism as a driver of economic
growth, inclusive development
and environmental
sustainability and offers
leadership and suspect to the
sector in advancing knowledge
and tourism policies worldwide