LONG SPAN STRUCTURES

Long span is defined by the width of the building, the span of the roof frame
across the entire structure. Anything more than 20 meters is considered long
span, but for Legacy’s that’s on the low side. These wide open structures are
also known as clear span or free span buildings.
CLASSIFICATION OF LONG SPAN STRUCTURES:-
1. FORM ACTIVE: - System of flexible non rigid matter, in which the
redirection of forces is effected by Particular form based on design and
characteristics form. Types: - Cable structures, Tent structures, Arch
structures, etc.
 Cable Structures: - Cable structure, Form of long-span
structure that is subject to tension and uses suspension cables
for support. Highly efficient, cable structures include
the suspension bridge, the cable-stayed roof, and the bicycle-
wheel roof.

 Tent Structures: - The tent span is easily transportable,

lightweight and easily builds it, tent span structure generally use a
material like plastic coated textile material and steel.
  Arch Structures: - The arch span is a classic structural form. It
resolves the vertical loading of a span into compression in its rib.
Arch spam structure made by iron, glass, metal, plastic-coated
textile material and steel.

2. SECTION ACTIVE: - System of rigid, solid, linear elements, in which

redirected of forces are effected by mobilization of sectional forces.
Types: - Beam structures, framed structures, etc.

 Beam Structures: - These structures play a prominent role in how

weight is transferred and ensures that a building's foundation is
firmly planted in the ground. The most common types of beam
structures include over-hanging, fixed, trussed, continuous and
simply supported beams.

 Frame Structures: - A Frame structure is a structure having the

combination of beam, column and slab to resist the lateral and
gravity loads. These structures are usually used to overcome the
large moments developing due to the applied loading.
3. VECTOR ACTIVE: - System of short, solid, straight lineal members in
which the redirection of forces are effected by the vector element.
Multidirectional splitting of single force simply to tension or compressive
element. Types: - Flat trusses, Curved trusses, Space trusses.

 Flat Trusses: - The top and bottom chords are parallel, allowing
the construction of floors or flat roofs.

 Curved Trusses: - A truss having an arch like form but unlike a

true arch in that it is free to move horizontally at its base, as in
expanding or contracting because of temperature changes.
  Space Trusses: - Space trusses are three-dimensional structures
with longitudinal members connected at their ends by hinges
assumed to be frictionless.

4. SURFACE ACTIVE: - System of flexible or rigid planes able to resist

tension, compression or shear in which the redirection of forces are
effected by the mobilization of sectional forces. Types: - Plate structures,
folded structures.

 Plate Structures: - A plate structure is a structural system

consisting of plates. A plate is a planar, two-dimensional structural
component that only transfers forces in the direction of its plane.

 Folded Structures: - A folded structure is simply a structure that

comprises one or more 'folded' forms. Folded structures can
achieve greater spans and rigidity and can have lower net weight
than some more conventional forms of structure.