Course Name : Information System Concept

(ISYS6093)
Effective Period : September 2020

REVIEW
DATA AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Session 5 & 6 (L)
 SUB TOPICS

2. The 3. Database
1. Managing
Database Management
Data
Approach Systems

5. Data
6. Knowledge
4. Big Data Warehouses
Management
and Data Marts
 Why should we
study this topic?
 Why should
we study this topic?
Functions of Managers:
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Staffing
4. Leading
5. Controlling
All managers at all levels of every organization
perform these functions, but the amount of time
a manager spends on each one depends on both
the level of management and the specific
organization.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/the-nature-of-management/
functions-of-managers#:~:text=Good%20managers%20discover%20how%20to,is%20to%20improve%20company%20sales.
 Why should
we study this topic?

In his classic book, The Nature of Managerial Work,

Henry Mintzberg describes a set of ten roles that a manager fills.

Managers have three basic roles (Mintzberg 1973) :

▪ Interpersonal: involves human interaction.

▪ Informational: involves the sharing & analyzing of information.

▪ Decisional: involves decision making.

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/the-nature-of-management/
functions-of-managers#:~:text=Good%20managers%20discover%20how%20to,is%20to%20improve%20company%20sales.
 Why should
we study this topic?

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/the-nature-of-management/
functions-of-managers#:~:text=Good%20managers%20discover%20how%20to,is%20to%20improve%20company%20sales.
 Why should
we study this topic?

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/the-nature-of-management/
functions-of-managers#:~:text=Good%20managers%20discover%20how%20to,is%20to%20improve%20company%20sales.
 Why should
we study this topic?

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/the-nature-of-management/
functions-of-managers#:~:text=Good%20managers%20discover%20how%20to,is%20to%20improve%20company%20sales.
 Why should
we study this topic?
• If you become a marketing manager, you can access a vast
store of data on existing and potential customers from
surveys, their Web habits, and their past purchases. This
information can help you sell products and services.
• If you become a corporate lawyer, you will have access to
past cases and legal opinions from sophisticated legal
databases. This information can help you win cases and
protect your organization legally.
• If you become a human resource (HR) manager, you will be
able to use databases and business intelligence tools to
analyze the impact of raises, employee insurance benefits,
and retirement contributions on long-term costs to your
company.
Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
What is decision?
What is decision
making?
 Manager and
Decision Making
Management is a process by which organizational goals
are achieved through the use of resources (people,
money, energy, materials, space, time).

Decisions and Decision making

• Decision refers to a choice that individuals and
group make among two or more alternatives.
• Decision making is a systematic process composed
of three major phases: intelligence, design and
choice (Simon 1977), with the implementation
phase added later.
Components of IS:
1. Hardware
2. Software
IT
3. Database
4. Network
5. Procedure/Policy
Business
6. People

IS = IT + Business
 Big Data
Two Descriptions of Big Data
From Gartner Research (www.gartner.com)
• Diverse, high-volume, high-velocity information assets that
require new forms of processing to enable enhanced decision
making, insight discovery, and process optimization.
From the Big Data Institute (www.the-bigdatainstitute.com)
• Exhibit variety
• Includes structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data
• Are generated at high velocity with an uncertain pattern
• Do not fit neatly into traditional, structured, relational
databases
• Can be captured, processed, transformed, and analyzed in a
reasonable amount of time only by sophisticated information
systems.
 Big Data
Defining Big Data

Big Data Generally Consist of:

• Traditional enterprise data
• Machine-generated/sensor data https://thesavvybackpacker.com/best-digital-cameras-travel-
photography-reviews/

• Social Data
• Images captured by billions of
devices located around the world
➢ Digital cameras,
➢ camera phones,
➢ medical scanners, and https://stylus.ua/thumbs/640x358/80/ce/512825.jpeg

➢ security cameras

http://ecx.images-
amazon.com/imag
es/I/41IGVrgU0XL.
_SX425_.jpg

http://www.ibmisps.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/09/physician.jpg
 Big Data
Characteristics of Big Data
• Volume
Big Data consist of vast
quantities of data.
• Velocity
Big Data flows into an
organization at
incredible speeds.
• Variety
Big Data includes a huge
variety of different data
in differing data formats.

http://www.stratapps.net/images/Bigdata-Characteristics.jpg
Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
 Data Warehouses
and Data Marts
• A data warehouse is a repository of historical data
organized by subject to support decision makers in
the organization.
• Historical data in data warehouses can be used for
identifying trends, forecasting, and making
comparisons over time.
• A data mart is a low-cost, scaled-down version of a
data warehouse that is designed for the end-user
needs in a small organization or a strategic business
unit (SBU) or a department in a large organization.
A data mart is a subsets of data
that focus on specific aspects of a
company (department or business
process) (O’brien)
 Data Warehouses
and Data Marts
The six basic characteristics of data warehouses:
• Data are organized by business dimension or subject (for example,
by customer, vendor, product, price level and region). This arrangement is different from
transactional systems, where data are organized by business process, such as order entry,
inventory control, and account receivable.
• Use online analytical processing.
• Integrated. Data are collected from multiple systems and are integrated around
subjects. For example, customer data can be extracted from internal (and external) systems
and integrated around a customer identifier to create a comprehensive view of the customer.
• Time variant. Data warehouses and data marts maintain historical data, can store years
of data. Companies need historical data to detect trends, deviations from trends, and long-
term relationships.
• Nonvolatile. Only IT professionals can change or update the data. Consequently, the
data warehouse or mart reflects history, which is critical for trend analysis. Warehouses and
marts are updated, but through IT-controlled load processes rather than by users.
• Multidimensional. Typically the data warehouse or mart uses a multidimensional
data structure. Data warehouses and marts store data in more than two dimensions. For this
reason, the data are said to be stored in a multidimensional structure. A common
representation for this multidimensional structure is the data cube.
Data Warehouse Framework & Views
 Cleansing
• Duplicate data For example, a patient is recorded many times in a
hospital patient management system
• Inconsistent values that are logically associated Such as
addresses and ZIP codes
• Missing data Such as a customer’s job
• Unexpected use of fields For example, a social Security Number
field could be used improperly to store office phone numbers
• Impossible or wrong values Such as 2/30/2009
• Inconsistent values for a single entity because different practices
were used For example, to specify a country, you can use an
international country abbreviation (I) or a full country name
(Italy); similar problems arise with addresses (Hamlet Rd. and
Hamlet Road)
• Inconsistent values for one individual entity because of typing
mistakes Such as Hamet Road instead of Hamlet Road
Operational Databases
• Stores detailed data needed to support business
processes and operations
– Also called subject area databases (SADB),
transaction databases, and production databases
– Database examples: customer, human resource,
inventory
External Databases
• Databases available for a fee from commercial online
services, or free from the Web
– Examples: hypermedia databases, statistical
databases, bibliographic and full text databases
– Search engines like Google or Yahoo are external
databases
(Source: O’Brien) 5-41
Data Mining

• Data in data warehouses are analyzed to reveal

hidden patterns and trends
– Market-basket analysis to identify new product bundles
– Find root cause of qualify or manufacturing problems
– Prevent customer attrition
– Acquire new customers
– Cross-sell to existing customers
– Profile customers with more accuracy

(Source: O’Brien) 5-43

Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
Table 5.8 summarizes a few of the most frequent applications for data mining.

Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.

Database Interrogation
• SQL Queries
– Structured, international standard query language
found in many DBMS packages
– Query form is SELECT…FROM…WHERE…

(Source: O’Brien) 5-47

Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
Graphical Query Wizard

(Source: O’Brien) 5-49

Source: Principles of Information Systems 9e, Ralph Stair, George Reynolds.
 Data Warehouses
and Data Marts
Relational databases
 Data Warehouses
and Data Marts
Multidimensional databases
Data Warehouses
and Data Marts

Equivalence between
relational and
multidimensional
databases.
Data Warehouses
and Data Marts
 Data Warehouses
and Data Marts
Benefits of Data Warehousing
• End users can access data quickly and easily via Web
browsers because they are located in one place.
• End users can conduct extensive analysis with data in
ways that may not have been possible before.
• End users have a consolidated view of organizational
data.
 Knowledge Management
• Knowledge management is a process that helps
organizations manipulate important knowledge that
is part of the organization’s memory, usually in an
unstructured format.
• Knowledge that is contextual, relevant, and
actionable.
• Intellectual capital is another term often used for
knowledge.

http://buildahelpdesk.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Knowledge-
Management.jpg
 Knowledge Management
• Explicit knowledge: objective, rational, technical knowledge that
has been documented. Examples: policies, procedural guides,
reports, products, strategies, goals, core competencies
• Tacit knowledge: cumulative store of subjective or experiential
learning. Examples: experiences, insights, expertise, know-how,
trade secrets, understanding, skill sets, and learning
 Session 7 & 8 Preparation

• Read Case Chap Data Enhances Fans’ Experience

of the Tour de France (pg.169-170 from textbook
or the material from session 7 & 8 in BINUSMaya)
• After read the case, take notes and submit to
your lecturer
 Individual
Assignment – session 25&26

• The student write an article based on selective topic from IS

Concept course (min 450 words with Ms.doc format (.doc) )
• Every members in one group must choose different topics
to write the article
• Students submit softcopy upload in Binusmaya –
Assignment Menu (created by the Lecturer)
o File name Format: StudentID_StudentName_Title of the
article
o Deadline : Session 26 IS Concept course
 Session 25 Preparation : Distributed
Learning Presentation

• Student already have group (6-7 persons from different classes

and campus/group)
• Choose 1 topic in IS Concept course
• Create Short Video/Creative Presentation about the selected
Topic (2-3 minutes), which include :
➢ Definition
➢ Characteristics
➢ Flow/example
➢ Etc
• Use Ms. Tem to collaborate with your team
• Make sure you already join in Distributed Learning team in Ms
Team
• Submit your video/Creative Presentation in Ms. Team (YouTube
link)
Credit that must be displayed after video playing :

• CREATED BY :
• STUDENT ID – FULL NAME
• STUDENT ID – FULL NAME
• STUDENT ID – FULL NAME
• STUDENT ID – FULL NAME
• STUDENT ID – FULL NAME
• STUDENT ID – FULL NAME
• STUDENT ID – FULL NAME

• IS CONCEPT COURSE LECTURERS :

• LECTURER NAME 1 & LECTURER NAME 2
Credit that must be displayed after video playing :
@schoolisbinus

http://sis.binus.ac.id

schoolisbinus

SIS Binus

http://www.facebook.com/schoolisbinus

schoolisbinus@binus.ac.id

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