Delta/Star and Star/Delta Transformation There are some networks in which the resistances are neither in series nor in parallel. A familiar case is a three terminal network e.g. delta network or star network. In such situations, it is not possible to simplify the network by series and parallel circuit rules. However, converting delta network into star and vice-versa often simplifies the network and makes it possible to apply series parallel circuit techniques. Delta/Star_Transformation Consider three resistors Ryg, Ryo and Re, connected in delta to three terminals 4, B and Cas shown in Fig. (). Let the equivalent star-connected network have resistances Ry» Rp and Re. Since the two arrangements are electrically equivalent, the resistance between any two terminals of ‘one network is equal to the resistance between the corresponding. terminals of the other network. (i) Fig. Let us consider the terminals 4 and B of the two networks. Resistance between A and 5 for star = Resistance between A and 5 for delta or Ry+ Ry = Raz ll Reo* Rey R,(R, or Rywky = Zelac Ba) © Rip + Rac # Res) R; ‘R, Similarly, Ry+ Ro = eee Gi) = Rest Rec) i and Ror Ry = Rath, +R (iii)Subtracting eq, (ji) from eq. (i) and adding the result to eq, (ii), we have, _ RoR = co) RoR, ‘Similarly, Rg = Rot Rt Ry _(v) bat Re and Re = ee ro) Rat Rae + Rea How to remember ? There is an easy way to remember these relations. star-connected resistances Ry, Rg and Ro are Ry electrically equivalent to delta-connected resistances Ryp Recand Rey Product of two adjacent arms of A ie, Any arm of star-comnection = Sam ofamecr A Thus to find the star resistance that connects to terminal A, divide the product of the two delta resistors connected to A by the sum of the delta resistors. Same is true for terminals B and C. Star/Delta_ Transformation Now let us consider how to replace the star-connected network of Fig. (ii) by the equivalent delta-connected network of Fig. (1) Dividing eq, (v) by (0), we have, RURe = Rew/Rac Dividing eq, (iv) by (07), we have, Ry/ Re = Rag! Rac RReo Re Ry = Substituting the values of Roy and Ryg in eq. (iv), we have Rec = Ras RR x Similarly, Rog = Rot Ry tA Re oe B Fc. and Ryp = Ry + Rpt ReHow to remember ? There is an easy way to remember these relations Referring to Fig. , star-connected resistances Ry, Rg and Re are electrically equivalent to delta-connected resistances Rup, Ryc and Rey. We have seen above that = R, hg = Reker Be i.e. Resistance hetween two = Sum of star resistances connected to those terminals plus product of terminals of delta same two resistances divided by the third star resistance Note. Figs. (i) to (iit) show three ways that a wye (Y) arrangement might appear ina circuit. Because the wye-connected components may appear in the equivalent form shown in Fig. (ji), the arrangement is also called a tee (7) arrangement. Figs. (@») to (v1) show equivalent delta forms. Because the delta (A) ‘arrangement may appear in the equivalent form shown in Fig, (09) itis also called a pi (x) arrangement The figures show only a few of the ways the wye (¥) and delta (A) networks might be drawn in a schematic diagram. Many equivalent forms can be drawn by rotating these basic arrangements through various angles. ‘Note that each network has three terminals, OPA Go (i) Wye (¥) configurations AY jy) i) Delta (A) centrations Fig.Example . Using delta/star transformation, find the galvanometer current in the Wheatstone bridge shown in Fig. (i). j2Vv. 2Vv @ (i) Fig. Solution. The network 4BDA in Fig. (0) forms a delta. These delta-connected resistances can be replaced by equivalent star-connected resistances Ry. Ry and R; as shown in Fig. ()) Ra Bog 10x20 R= 5S 2 86 Rip + Rap + Ry, 10440420 R Ryky 10x40 Ry + Ryy+Ry, 10440420 ~~ Rok 2040 Ry = —aeee = XN lg Rig + Rap + Roy 10440420 Thus the network shown in Fig. (1) reduces to the network shown in Fig. (7). (30+5.72) (15 +11.4) (0+5.72) + (15+11.4) Battery current, J = 2/18-04 = 011A The battery current divides at NV into two parallel paths. -. Current in branch NBC, Jy = 0.11 * wis =0047A x52 26.44 35.72 Potential of B wrt. C = 30x 0-047=141V Potential of Dwr. C = 15 x 0-063 =0-945 V Clearly, point B is at higher potential than point D by 1-41 — 0945 = 0-465 V P.D.between B and D Galvanometer resistance 0-465 /40 =11-6 x 10° A= 11-6 mA fiom B to D Ryo = 286+ = 18040 Current in branch NDC, = 0-11 063A Galvanometer current =Example With the help of star/delta transformation, obtain the value of current supplied by the battery in the circuit shown in Fig. (). 2a 3a sate) 4 ° ta rosa’ fsa) ¥ py Ye ¢ @ (ii) (iii) Fig. Solution. The star-connected resistances 3 0, 3 Qand1 Qin Fig. (i), are shown separately in Fig. (ii). These star-connected resistances are converted into equivalent delta-connected resistances R,, Ry and R; as shown in Fig. (iii) R= 34342 =150 3x1 okt Ry = 341 =52 R= 143482 =50 After above star-delta conversion, the circuit reduces to the one shown in Fig. (iv). This circuit can be further simplified by combining parallel resistances and the circuit becomes as shown in Fig. (”). ‘The three delta-connected resistances 1 © 5 © and 8 in Fig. (9) are shown separately {in Fig (1). These delta-connected resistances can be converted info equivalent star-connected resistances R', R's and R' as shown 1m Fig. (vi).He p 1! (viii) (x) Fig. Total resistance offered by the circuit to the battery is Rp = A+ |(2425 \y(20+22 W476 7 14 7 9 4 (20,320 = =t+/=]||— }+76 = 5+( Buse) wa Current supplied by the battery [See Fig. 3.242 (ix)] is Vv _10 I=—=—=14 R10 sample Dorie te reste bere pin on Bin te rerk shown in Fig. so | ao eo |* an 30 sa so on 48: © Fo.