MAYAPYAP Project MELC (Managing and Enhancing Learning through Contextualization)

National High School STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE IN SCIENCE 8

Quarter I, Week 6

Lesson 6: Current and Voltage

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

No Code Available: Infer the relationship between current and voltage.

In this set of activities, you should:

1. calculate current and voltage using Ohm’s Law;
2. illustrate the relationship of current and voltage through a graph; and
2. explain the relationship of current and voltage.

WHAT YOU NEED TO REMEMBER?

turning lights on watching T.V. Browsing in phones Watching online consultations

Figure 1. Everyday Activities that Depend on Electricity
Hello Junior Explorers! Electricity is part of our daily lives. Many of the activities we do every day depend on
electricity. The discovery of electricity changed people’s lives. Can you watch your favorite show on TV without electricity?
Can you use your computers without electricity? Can you browse all your social media accounts, watch online consultations,
and play online games on your cell phone without electricity? Imagine our life today without electricity, especially in these
pandemic days wherein technologies and gadgets are in demand. In this lesson, we will uncover the science behind how
electricity flows and how it can power up all electrical gadgets that depend on it.
When an electrical conductor is connected to different electric potentials, charge flows from one end to the other
end of the conductor. Without a potential difference, no charge flows as well. To attain a sustained flow of charge in the
conductor, an electrical set- up must maintain a difference in potential while charge flows from one end to the other. These
charges are free electrons that would only flow in the conducting wires usually made of metals and connected to voltage
sources. When there is flow of electric charges an electrical current is present. Specifically, the terms: electric current,
voltage, and electric resistance and their relationship with each other will be the main discussion in this lesson.
Electric current (I) is the rate of flow of electric charges from one point to another in a circuit. It is measured in
Amperes(A). One rate of Ampere is a rate of flow equal to 1 Coulomb of charge per second. Basically, the current is caused
by the movement of electrons.
A sustained current in conducting wire requires a suitable pumping device. Charges will flow only when they are
pushed or driven. The work needed per unit charge to move between two points is called voltage expressed in volts. Voltage
(V) is what makes an electric charge move. It is a difference in electrical potential energy per unit of charge between two
points. It behaves like a pushing force forcing the electrons to start moving around which creates an electric current. Example
if the voltage of the fan is increased from 3 volts to 10 volts the blades of the fan will turn even faster because of the bigger
pushing force allowing more current to flow.
Batteries and generators are the primary sources of electric current in an electric circuit. How much current exists
in a circuit depends not only on the voltage but also on the electrical resistance of the conductor.
Electrical Resistance(R) is the opposition to the flow of current by the conducting wire. The electrical resistance
of the wire depends on its thickness, length, and conductivity.

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 Electrical resistance also depends on temperature. At higher temperatures, atoms are violently vibrating that can
result in greater collision, creating more resistance against the flow of current. Electrical resistance is measured in Ohms
(Ω) named after Georg Simon Ohm with Greek letter omega as its symbol. An electronic device that is designed to resist
the flow of current is known as a resistor with its equivalent electrical symbol. A resistor can also be a light bulb with its
equivalent electrical symbol that will convert the energy that is moving to electrons into heat and light. The relationship
among voltage, current, and resistance is summarized by the Ohm’s Law which states that the amount of electric
current is directly proportional to the voltage applied to the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the
circuit. Georg Simon Ohm discovered that at constant resistance, electric current in a circuit is directly proportional to the
voltage.
The greater the voltage the greater the current. If the resistance of the circuit is doubled the current would
be reduced to one half when voltage is held constant.
In a simple circuit voltage is directly proportional to current. Its proportionality constant equals resistance.
V= IR, where V= Voltage expressed in Volt(V), I= Current expressed in Ampere (A), and R= Resistance expressed
in Ohm (Ω).

Figure 2. Graphical Representation of Figure 3. Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law

YOUR TASKS!
PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 3

Reminder: DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THIS STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE.

Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Enrichment Activity 1: Read and analyze the problems below. Copy and complete the table. Refer to the given guide
on how to calculate the voltage and the current. Number one is already done for you as your example. (15 points)

To compute the voltage, just multiply the given current and resistance in the problem. V= IxR
To compute the current, just divide the given voltage and resistance in the problem. I= V/R

1. Given a resistance of 1 500 Ω and a current of 0.03 A. What is the voltage?

2. If the current is 10 A and the resistance is 3 Ω, what is the voltage?
3. A light bulb has a resistance of 100 ohms. If a current of 12 A is going through it, calculate the voltage applied.
4. If a battery in a circuit is 24 V and the resistance is 12 ohms, what is the current?
5. Resistance is 200 Ω and voltage is 24 V. Find I?
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 Item
Given Find Equation Solution Final Answer
Nos.
1 I= 0.03 A, R= 1 500 Ω V? V= IxR V= 0.03 A x 1 500 Ω 45 V
2
3
4
5

*You will be rated according to the scoring rubric below:

Criteria Exemplary 5 Accomplished 3 Developing 2
All skills from the topic are Most skills in the topic are Some skills in the topic are
Skills
applied applied applied
The output exceeds the The output is somewhat
Content The output is complete
expectation complete
The output contains minimal
Corrections The output is from error The output has several errors
errors

Enrichment Activity 2: Refer to the table below. Copy the graph. Then, use the values of voltage and current to plot
these on the graph. Number 1 is already done for your basis. (15 points)

Voltage (V) Current (I): mA Resistance(R): k Ω

1) 0.0 0.0 5.0

2) 15.0 3.0 5.0

3) 30.0 6.0 5.0

4) 45.0 9.0 5.0

5) 60.0 12.0 5.0

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*You will be rated according to the scoring rubric below:

Criteria Exemplary 5 Accomplished 3 Developing 2

All skills from the topic are Most skills in the topic are Some skills in the topic are
Skills
applied applied applied
The output exceeds the The output is somewhat
Content The output is complete
expectation complete
The output contains minimal
Corrections The output is from error The output has several errors
errors

WRAP-UP ACTIVITY

Answer the question below briefly but substantially. (5 points)

What is the relationship of current and voltage?

REFERENCES

● Angel, R. R. (2020). Science 8 Quarter 1- Module 7: Basic Electricity. Butuan City: Department of Education.
● Campo, P. C., R, C. M., & Catalan, M. H. (2014). SCIENCE 8 Learner's Module. Pasig City: Department of
Education.

This Student Learning Guide will be discussed during Online Consultation on the following schedule.
8th Week of 1st Quarter
Wednesday & Thursday
8:00am -10:00am

Visit your Official Facebook Class Group.

Search MNHS (Subject Area) (Surname of your subject teacher, School Year)
Example: MNHS Science 8 De Leon/Gulmatico/Mateo/Marquez/Pacquing/De Lara, S.Y. 2021-2022

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