14/01/2020 General Computer Awareness Notes for IBPS RRB PO Mains 2019 - Download as PDF - Testbook Blog

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General Computer Awareness Notes for IBPS RRB PO Mains 2019 – Download as PDF
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IBPS RRB O cer Scale I Mains Exam is scheduled to take place on 13th October 2019. There is appriximately one and a half month left for the examination, the time has

come to boost your preparations if you want to get the desired result. In today’s corporate scenario, every organization wants its employees to be aware of the basics of

computing. Therefore, in most of these Government recruitment exams the Computer Awareness section or topic is included these days. Here are some useful General

Computer Awareness Notes that will help to make your basic strong for various Government Exams like IBPS RRB PO (https://testbook.com/rrb-o cer-scale-i), NABARD,

SSC CPO, SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, IBPS PO,  RBI Grade B, etc.

General Computer Awareness – De nition

Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of computing/the computer after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837. But 1941 marks the birth year

of computer technology with the invention of the Z3 by a German engineer Konrad Zuse.

De nition of a Computer:
A computer is an electronic machine made to process, store

and retrieve data and perform calculations faster and e ciently

than humans. Based on the device used to attain this objective –

process, store and retrieve data, computers are classi ed

into 5 generations.
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1940-1956: 1st Generation (Vacuum Tubes) – General Computer Awareness for Bank Exams 10

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First generation computers used vacuum tubes as components of memory and relied on ‘machine language’ (the most basic programming language). A vacuum tube is a 6

sealed glass tube containing a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of electric current. QUIZZES

These computers were limited to solving one problem at a time.

No monitors were there! Output was released in printouts! (Monitors appeared in 3rd generation of computers!)

Input was based on punched cards and paper tape.

ENIAC (Electronic Numeric Integrated and Calculator) was the world’s 1st successful electronic computer which was developed by the two scientists namely J. P. Eckert

and J. W. Mauchy.

Other rst generation computers were UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer), EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator), EDVAC (Electronic Discrete

Variable Automatic Computer) and LEO (Lyons Electronic O ce)

1956-1963: 2nd Generation (Transistors) – General Computer Awareness for Bank Exams

The thing that upgraded the entire generation of computers to a more advanced system was – transistor. Invented in 1947, it converts electronic signals and electrical

power. Transistors made computers smaller, faster, cheaper and less heavy on electricity use.

The speed of a computer’s performance depends on the speed of transistors.

In other words, the faster the transistors, the faster the computer.

The 2nd generation computers still relied on punched cards for input/printouts like 1st generation.

The symbolic language (assembly language) was developed and the programmers could create instructions in words.

High-level programming languages – early versions of COBOL* and FORTRAN** – were also developed.

*COBOL – Common Business-Oriented Language: a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.

**FORTRAN – Formula Translation: a language for scienti c, engineering and numerical computation.

1964-1971: 3rd Generation (Integrated Circuits) – General Computer Awareness

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14/01/2020 General Computer Awareness Notes for IBPS RRB PO Mains 2019 - Download as PDF - Testbook Blog

With the invention of Integrated Circuits – the small circuits which can perform the functions of a larger circuit, transistors were miniaturized and put on silicon chips.

The 3rd  generation computers were the rst computers where users interacted using keyboards and monitors (and interfaced with an operating system).

This enabled these machines to run several applications at once.

Functions were based on monitor memory.

1972-2010: 4th Generation (Microprocessors) – General Computer Awareness for Bank Exams

The Intel 4004 chip was developed in 1971, which positioned all computer components (CPU, memory, input/output controls) onto one single chip!

The Intel 4004 was developed by Ted Hoff.

These microprocessors allowed to make computers of smaller size with speedy and e cient processing.

2010 onwards: 5th Generation (Arti cial Intelligence) – General Computer Awareness

The intelligent machines who can work like humans, or better.

SIRI of iPhones, automatic cars, robots serving various purposes, all of them are part of this generation.

Arti cial intelligence today is properly known as narrow AI (or weak AI)

It is designed to perform a speci ed task like driving or solving complex mathematical equations.

General AI or strong AI is the aim of today’s world where machines can perform many functions like humans.

De nition of Arti cial Intelligence:

Arti cial Intelligence is a branch of computer science dealing

with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers. LIVE

In short, an AI machine can imitate the Intelligence of a human brain!

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Fact: John McCarthy is known as the father of Arti cial Intelligence.
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What are the components of a computer? – General Computer Awareness

⇒ Hardware
Hardware means Keyboard, Monitor, Mouse, and Printer, including the digital circuitry, etc. The following are the different types of hardware:

Input devices
Send data to a computer. E.g. Keyboard, mouse, scanner, trackball, touchpad, touchscreen, digital camera, web camera, microphone, etc.

Output devices

Receive data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction. E.g. Monitor, printers, plotters, projector, Computer Output Micro lm (COM), speaker,

head phone, sound card, video card, micro che, etc.

Processing devices

CPU and Mother board are processing devices because they process information within the computer system.

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The Central Processing Unit or the CPU or processor is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions by performing the basic arithmetic, logical,

control and input/output operations speci ed by the instructions.

The CPU consists of:

1. Arithmetic & Logic Unit

2. Control Unit

3. Memory

⇒ The Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) performs simple arithmetic and logical operations.
⇒ The Control Unit (CU) manages various components of the computer. It reads and interprets instructions from memory and transforms them into a series of signals
to activate other parts of the computer. The control unit calls upon the arithmetic logic unit to perform the necessary calculations.

⇒ Primary storage or main memory or memory is the area in a computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer’s processor. Random Access LIVE

Memory (RAM) and cache are examples of a primary storage device.

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Remember, RAM is volatile  because whatever is stored in RAM is lost as soon as the computer is switched off. Cache is a fast temporary storage where recently or CLASSES
6
frequently used information is stored to avoid having to reload it from a slower storage medium.
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⇒ The mother board holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the CPU and memory.  It provides
connectors for other peripherals.

Storage devices

1. Primary storage – RAM, cache.

2. Secondary storage – In these devices, information can be stored either temporarily or permanently.

3. They can be external devices like a compact disc (CD) or USB storage device or can be installed inside the computer like a hard drive.

⇒ Software
A software is a set of instructions that directs a computer’s hardware to perform a task. There are two types of software: system software and application software.

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Interaction between
software and hardware

System software
System software is designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software. Application software are designed to help the

user to perform speci c tasks like MS Word, Notepad, Google Chrome, and Calculator.

Application Software
This software is used to modify text, image, graphics etc.

There are many application Softwares, Word Processing software, Database Software, Spreadsheet software, Presentational Software, Educational Software etc to name

a few.

Some Computer Programs run as a link between System software & Application Software. They are as follow: kabya

Firmware and BIOS

The operating system relies LIVE

on a piece of programming
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called the BIOS (Basic 10

Input Output System).It CLASSES

6
is the link between
QUIZZES
the operating system software

and the hardware. The BIOS is

not actually a software: it’s

a program semi-permanently

stored into one of the

computer’s main chips,

and it is known as  rmware.

Firmware is a combination

of hardware and software.

Mobile Device Software
Modern smartphones use both

system and application software.

Mobile device application software

or Apps allow users to perform speci ed

tasks like games, social networking, and messaging. There are also apps for

word processing, presentation making, etc. Mobile devices use operating systems

like Android (Google), iOS (Apple), Windows Phone (Microsoft), BlackBerry

(Research in Motion), and Symbian (Nokia).

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Now that you know All About Computers for Bank & SSC Exams, you can attempt basic questions asked in the recruitment exams con dently. If you want to know more

about Computers & study in detail for Computer Awareness you check this link given below!

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Aman Yadav • a year ago

a lot of thanks for keeping my request though late neverthless i don't think it could be enough
, one query regarding computer cut off - last year cut off was 19.5 whether it was out of 20 or
40, some people are saying it was out of 40 marks at the time of result though it was
mentioned 20 in notification Please clear it
△ ▽ • Reply • Share ›

Palak > Aman Yadav • a year ago

Aman, last year's cutoff of 19.5 was out of 40 marks. The weightage of the section was
20 which was reflected in the score card but in exam the total marks of the section
were 40 therefore for total calculation, marks for this section were halved and then
added to the total.
1△ ▽ • Reply • Share › LIVE

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